The Modern Era: 7 The Industrial Revolution MULTIPLE CHOICE. Fill the square of the best answer. 1. The era when power-driven machinery began to develop is called the A Agricultural Age. B Enclosure Movement. C Industrial Revolution. D Cottage Industry. 2. British colonies provided Great Britain with A a much need workforce. B models of business structures. C industrial researchers and business investors. D raw materials and markets for finished goods. 3. What was an effect of the enclosure movement? A more efficient farming methods. B increased food supply. C increased industrial workforce. 4. What are the factors of production that led to Great Britain s economic success? A land, labor, and capital. B water, steam, and animal power. C military, religious, and cultural institutions. D streams, rivers, and canals. 5. The Industrial Revolution began in the A American textile industry. B British textile industry. C British transportation industry. D American transportation industry. 6. Why did the weaving industry move into factories? A workers preferred the city life. B factory space was abundant. C the new machines were too big for a weaver s cottage. D the factory bosses demanded it. 7. How did the steam engine change the textile industry? A factories no longer had to be build near rivers and streams. B a wider variety of fibers could be used in textiles. C it decreased the industry s need for coal. D it improved life for children working in the mills. 8. Which was a hazard of using coal as a power source? A mines employed few people. B burning coal created air pollution. C rats and fleas infested mines. D river mills needed workers. 9. Who was known as the Father of American Industry? A Alexander Hamilton. B Samuel Slater. C Francis Cabot Lowell. D Robert Fulton. 10. Why did factory employers prefer to hire women and children? A they wanted to keep families together. B men expected higher wages. C there was a shortage of men. D work conditions were safer for women and children. - 1-
11. Labor unions in Britain pressured employers to improve working conditions by A starting the Luddite Movement. B restricting union membership to adults. C joining the American Federation of Labor. D organizing strikes. 12. Which is an effect of the division of labor in the factory system? A the growth of the middle class. B economic quality. C poverty disappeared. D managers were not required. 13. What were two main elements of American mass production? A the assembly line and interchangeable parts. B the assembly line and customized parts. C interchangeable parts and less repetition. D customized parts and skilled workers. 14. The idea that governments should not interfere in business is called A communism. B laissez-faire economics. C socialism. D utopian society. 15. Low wages and laws that limited charity to the poor were justified by the ideas of A Andrew Carnegie. B Thomas Malthus. C Karl Marx. D Robert Owen. 16. In a market economy, the economic system is A controlled by bankers. B regulated by government. C dependent on exports. D free from regulations. 17. Which is an aspect of radical socialism? A privately owned property. B equal distribution of wealth. C individual freedoms. D corporate empires. 18. Which is an effect of the Industrial Revolution on women? A women received equal pay for equal work. B more job opportunities for women developed. C women were given more powerful factory jobs over time. D medical care was greatly improved for women. 19. How did industrialization contribute to a more stable political situation? A it produced a growing middle class. B it financed the Luddites. C it weakened Britain s military. D it increased the gap between rich and poor. 20. Which is a lasting benefit of the Industrial Revolution? A leisure time for the middle class. B an increase in overall wealth. C cheaper, machine-made goods. 21. What power source drastically changed industry and daily life in the late 1800s? A coal. B water. C steam. D electricity. 22. The connection between magnetism and electricity was discovered by A Joseph Swan. B Thomas Edison. C Michael Faraday. D Benjamin Franklin. -2-
23. Edison played a major role in the development of electricity on a large scale when he A created the first research lab. B built the first light bulb factory. C created the world s first central. D disproved Faraday s and Swan s research in electricity. 24. How did the availability of electricity affect industry in the late 1800s? A Factory production increased. B Factories moved closer to rivers. C There were fewer jobs for factory workers. D Products made in factories were more costly. 25. Using the Bessemer process, industry could produce steel that was A cheaper and stronger. B lighter and more flexible. C costly but more plentiful. D cheaper but more brittle. 26. How would this map look if it depicted the transcontinental railroad? A The map would show only the southern USA. B The map would show all of the USA. C The map would only show the city of Chicago. D The map would need to show both the USA and Mexico. 27. Henry Ford changed the auto industry with the development of A internal combustion engines. B mass production methods. C gasoline burning carburetors. D an expensive road system. 28. What was the advantage radio held over the telephone and telegraph? A it was smaller. B it was wireless. C it was more reliable. D it was less complicated. 29. Darwin s belief that species change to improve survival chances is called the A theory of relativity. B theory of radioactivity. C theory of the species. D theory of evolution. 30. Darwin s view of evolution and natural selection caused controversy, like: A the idea that humans descended from other animals. B conflict with the Bible s Apocalypse. C the idea that humans selfdependent. 31. John Dalton stated that atoms of different elements are: A identical in appearance and shape. B identical in shape and size. C different in appearance and in the type of subatomic particles. D different in size and shape. 32. Why did Mendeleyev leave gaps in his version of the periodic table? A Because there were no more elements discovered at the time. B He anticipated that there would be more chemical discoveries. C He wanted to make some sort of pattern. D A and B are correct. -3-
33. Marie and Pierre Curie: A discovered polonium and radium. B concluded that certain elements release energy when they break down. C concluded that some elements are radioactive. 34. What did Rutherford conclude from his experiment? A That the atom was mostly empty space. B That alpha rays can trespass gold. C That the atom had electrons. D That gold was indestructible. 35. Which of the following is not a conclusion of Einstein s physics? A Light can act both as a wave and as a tiny particle of energy. B The speed of light is slower that the speed of sound. C Motion can be measured only from the viewpoint of a particular observer. D In the presence of matter, space-time is curved. 36. In the late 1800s, medicine and public health was improved by the use of A ether. B antiseptics. C pasteurization. 37. Heat liquids and meats to kill bacteria: A pasteurization. B vaccination. C anesthetize. D antiseptification. 38. Pasteur developed A vaccines against anthrax and rabies. B anesthetics for operations. C antiseptics to clean instruments. D none of the above are correct. 39. Crawford Long developed A vaccines against anthrax and rabies. B anesthetics for operations. C antiseptics to clean instruments. D none of the above are correct. 40. John Lister developed A vaccines against anthrax and rabies. B anesthetics for operations. C antiseptics to clean instruments. D none of the above are correct. 41. Because of the creation of antiseptics A more modern hospitals were developed. B there was an increase in physicians and nurses. C there was a decline in infant mortality. 42. Psychology is the study of A the past bade on artifacts. B the mind and human behavior. C humanity and human ancestors. D origins and development of society. 43. Ivan Pavlov concluded that A repressed thoughts could cause mental illness. B human behaviors are a series of connected conditioned reflexes. C an unconscious part of the mind contains thoughts that we are not aware of. D the use if hypnotism is effective. -4-
44. Sigmund Freud concluded that A unrepressed thoughts could cause mental illness. B human behaviors are a series of connected conditioned reflexes. C an unconscious part of the mind contains thoughts that we are not aware of. D the use if hypnotism is ineffective. 45. For therapy, Feud used A hypnotism. B psychoanalysis. C A and B are correct. D anesthetizing. 46. One characteristic of romanticism was A stories about war. B the use of photography. C realistic details. D a love of nature. 47. Realist painters A showed people as they really lived. B painted scenes of mystical beauty. C valued the imagination. D came before the romantic painters. 48. After 1870, education became more important because A industrialization created a need for educated workers. B newspapers became the only source of world news. C organized sports were becoming a part of the culture. D Americans had an excessive amount of leisure time. 49. People moved to suburbs A to look for work. B to have better access to cultural activities. C to live in the new skyscrapers. D because they were less crowded and cleaner than cities. MATCH. Match the science with its study. 1. Psychology. 2. Archaeology. 3. Anthropology. 4. Sociology. 5. Economics. 6. Linguistics. 7. Political science. 8. Geography. 9. History. A. The Earth and its features. B. Human social behavior and relationship. C. Past human life and culture. D. Production, distribution, and consumptions of goods and services. E. Nature, structure, and variation of language. F. Human mental processes and behavior. G. Origin, behavior, and development of human and their ancestors. H. Processes, principles, and structure of governments and political institutions. I. Past human events. -5-
ELABORATE. Answer the following question with a paragraph or short essay (17pts.) 1. How did Karl Marx view history? What changes occurred between the different stages? -6-