The path from 4G to 5G: Technology development from the test & measurement perspective Dr. Taro Eichler 5G Tokyo Bay Summit July 23 rd, 2015
5G Use cases: Much more than only Mobile Broadband Scenarios & Requirements Mobile broadband Dense crowd of users ı Mobile broadband / Dense crowd of users: Mobility, high data rates, high capacity and partly limited area. ı Internet of Things (emergency comms, robots, ): Low latency, high reliability, resilience and security; user case specific data rates/capacity. ı Internet of Things (sensors; leisure applications, ): The volume of devices and things will create new requirements. Battery life time expectation years Picture: ETH Zürich/ Golem.de Mobility Massive number of devices Long battery lifetime IoT sensor network Very high data rate Very low latency Very high capacity Reliability, resilience, security IoT control network 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 2
R&S test solutions to investigate, develop and standardize 5G Wideband Signal Tests R&S AFQ100B R&S SMW200 Spectrum Analyzer DUT ARB generator Signal generator UP <40 GHz >40 GHz R&S FSW67 Channel Sounding Solution R&S SMW200 Signal generator I fast measurement directly in time domain I Support for in- and outdoor sounding I very high dynamic range New 5G PHY Candidates R&S FSW67 Spectrum Analyzer w/ in-build amplifier Data Analysis Software Component Characterization Massive MIMO - Beamforming R&S SMW200+ 6x R&S SGT100 R&S ZNBT I Phase-coherent RF generation I Multi-port VNA E2e Application Testing Digital Oscilloscope R&S RTO R&S ZVA Network Analyzer CONTEST CMWrun DUT I 40 GHz signal generation without need for up-conversion I 67 GHz analysis w/o down-conv. I 2 GHz bandwidth analysis Signal generator R&S SMW200 Direct measurements up to 67GHz R&S NGMO R&S CMW500 Analyze application behavior like signaling load, delay, power etc. 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 3
IoT and OTT applications 3GPP overview MTC enhancements for LTE-A Rel. 10 Rel. 11 Rel. 12 Rel. 13 Delay tolerant access & LAPI Overload control Long PRU/PTU timer per UE Minimum periodic search timer Attach with IMSI indicator Signaling reduction Extended access barring Override LAPI Overload control Device triggering Reachability Power saving mode Battery life Expected UE behavior Signaling reduction UE Category 0 Low cost UE Extended DRX Battery life Coverage enhancement Coverage Low-cost by smaller BW Low cost UE 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 4
R&S Test Solution CMW-PQA OTT Test Setup Switch on Power Consumption goes up each time UE goes into RRC connected state Background light switching off Contest PC Internet LAN DAU connection to the Internet OTT APPs Server GPIB RF R&S NGMO R&S CMW500 Wideband Communication tester For power consumption measurement or 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 5
Exemplary Results Different apps and their influence on mobile device behavior Facebook Twitter 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 6
Attenuation in db/km 5G spectrum expectations Exploiting the millimeter-wave spectrum (30 300 GHz). all cellular communication 60 GHz oxygen absorption band Water vapor (H 2 O) absorption band 3 GHz 57 GHz 64 GHz 164 GHz 200 GHz 183.31 GHz 300 GHz 54 GHz 100 GHz millimeter waves 100 GHz 100 5 1.64 1 wavelength λ [mm] potential 254 GHz available bandwidth! 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 45GHz, 73 GHz? Frequency in GHz 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 7
3GPP Time Plan for 5G Channel modeling: First and important step 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 8
Schematic channel sounding setup (solution with Fraunhofer HHI) h ² delay spread t SMW200A FSW PN Gen. Channel LNA IQ Data f chip f 0 G Tx G Rx f 0 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 9
Channel sounding in anechoic chamber (R&S HQ) dipole receive antenna Horn transmit antenna 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 10
Reference Measurements (Reflector @ 2.0 m Distance) 4 m 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 11
Typical Result of Mobile Measurement TX-RX distance: 25 0 m, full measurement run with 62,500 CIRs Averaging over 10 cm segments (250 CIRs) to obtain APDP Significant multipath contributions (MPC) Channel length: several hundred ns Large-scale fading of MPCs due to RX movement and time-variant environment Also Fading in first MPC ( LOS component ) 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 12
Base Station Antenna Testing Dynamic Beamforming Analysis Proof of Concept @ 75 GHz QPS100 Security Scanner Tx Antenna Top view y z x QPS100 35 cm AUT Photograph of test setup Side view QPS100 AUT Frequency range: 70-80 GHz Dimensions: 2 m x 1 m x y z 40 cm 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 13
Base Station Antenna Testing Dynamic Beamforming Analysis Poof of Concept @ 75 GHz Mag/ db @ 75 GHz 75 GHz 0 Measurement setup (top view) QPS100 1 0.8 0.6 0.4-5 -10-15 0.2-20 y / m 0-25 -0.2-30 AUT y x -0.4-35 -0.6-40 -0.8 z -1-45 -0.5-0.4-0.3-0.2-0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 x / m -50 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 14 2015-06-15 Over-the-air test concepts for active antenna arrays 8
Summary Significant 5G research is ongoing (strong global momentum), but we are still at the research, educational and pre-r&d level ı The most significant test & measurement impact is expected from: Use of mm-wave frequencies while additional spectrum is explored from low to high Channel sounding and new channel models remain an essential subject New air interface candidates still a number of options are investigated convergence required (essential for ecosystem) The need to enhance OTA measurements due to Massive MIMO and advanced active antenna implementation Support for high number of devices (IoT / M2M) and D2D communication C/U splitting and optimized MAC/RRM and architectural trends like C-RAN R&S has rich experience ranging from mm-wave implementation to end user experience / benchmarking enabling all-embracing 5G performance assessment 5G Tokyo Bay Summit 2015 15