Communication Геодезия Navigation GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM (GLONASS): System Status and Performance Improvement Prospects Viktor KOSENKO, First Deputy General Designer First Deputy General Director Sergey REVNIVYKH, Director of GLONASS Evolution Department Academician M.F. RESHETNEV Information Satellite Systems
Overview State Policy Service Performance System Status and Modernization Plan International Cooperation 2
State Policy The Presidential Decree 638 dated May 17, 2007 On Use of GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) for the Benefit of Social and Economic Development of the Russian Federation GLONASS is a core of the national Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Government commitments to sustain and develop of PNT infrastructure GLONASS civil signals are open and free worldwide GLONASS and GLONASS/GNSS equipment are to be used in state/public applications The GLONASS Federal Program is an instrument for National PNT Policy Implementation 3
Results of the first Federal GLONASS Program 2002-2011 The GLONASS constellation is 100 % deployed 2002 6-7 satellites are in mission operation 2012 24 satellites are in mission operation Availability 2002 18% 2012 100% Accuracy is provided on a competitive level 2006 35 m (1 sigma) 2012 2.8 m (1 sigma) Glonass K, a new generation of GLONASS family, is under flight test now GLONASS Constellation restoration GLONASS accuracy improvement Glonass 1982 Glonass-M 2003 Space segment evolution Glonass-K Flight Test 2011 GLONASS is compatible with other GNSS, interoperable at the user level, worldwide recognized and used 4
Goals of the second Federal GLONASS Program System performance improvement in terms of accuracy and integrity Provision of guaranteed positioning, navigation and timing solutions under limited visibility, interference and jamming conditions Enhancement of current application efficiency and domains The guaranteed provision of announced performances is the key indicator of program implementation quality 5
Overview State Policy Service Performance System Status and Modernization Plan International Cooperation 6
AVAILABILITY PERFORMANCE 30/06/2015 Mean Global Availability = 100.0% (averaged on the day time interval, PDOP 6, mask angle 5 ) Instant PDOP map (mask angle 5 ) Mean PDOP value = 1.94 The current configuration of GLONASS constellation enables continuous navigation worldwide. 7
ACCURACY PERFORMANCE 30/06/2015 GLONASS SIS user range error (RMS), m Daily GLONASS satellites clock stability (Allan variation) 8*10-14 1.5 m 1*10-14 GLONASS meets all technical requirements for Glonass-M constellation 8
GLONASS and UTC(SU) Time Transfer Before August 2014, the difference between the GLONASS Time Scale and UTC(SU) was ~ 400 ns. GLONASS time correction procedure started on 18 August 2014 aimed to improve the accuracy of GLONASS Time and UTC(SU) synchronization. Today, the difference is ~ 35 ns. The calculation procedure for GLONASS clock corrections was modified on 18 August 2014 to exclude the systematic component of ~200 nc. Today, accuracy of transmitted corrections for GLONASS time UTC(SU) is no more than 10 ns (rms). 9
GLONASS Application Domain Transport ERA-GLONASS Project Construction Oil&Gas Transportation Traffic and transportation control Agriculture Emergency Response System High-precision farmery, fertilizing optimization, productivity control Construction of high-rise buildings, highway and bridge engineering Geodesy, Mapping and Geodetic Survey Transfer capacity control Geodetic survey, cadastral work, topographic mapping Energetics Communications and Data Relay Personal Navigation Fundamental Earth Science Power grid synchronization Data-flow synchronization, capacity growth Positioning in-situ, routing Earth modelling, geodynamics study, earthquake record GNSS equipment Используется based ГНСС-оборудование on multi-gnss receivers с мультисистемными (generally GLONASS/GPS) приемниками to be (в основном used ГЛОНАСС/GPS). 10
Overview State Policy Service Performance System Status and Modernization Plan International Cooperation 11
GLONASS System Architecture GLONASS Supporting systems Facilities for Earth orientation androtation parameters determination and prediction UTC(SU) generation and keeping facilities Facilities for fundamental astronomical and geodetic parameters refinement Facilities for Earth model and national reference coordinate system provision GLONASS Space Complex User segment Augmentation systems Wide-area Differential Correction and Monitoring System (SDCM-SBAS) Global Precise Positioning System Regional and local-area augmentations Application systems and equipment for special users Application systems and equipment for civil users GLONASS is the sophisticated system comprising interconnected components with harmonized operational characteristics 12
GLONASS Space Complex GLONASS Space Complex Constellation Rocket and space complexes Ground segment Global one-way measuring stations network Glonass-M Plesetsk RSC Soyuz-2 LV Fregat Booster Ground Control Segment Advanced development Glonass-K Glonass-K2 Advanced development Baikonur RSC Proton-M LV Breeze-M Booster Svobodny RSC Angara LV Breeze-M Booster Advanced development Synchronization and Time Scale generation facilities Space Complex is the core element of the GLONASS System 13
Performance Improvement Plan Four times better accuracy thanks to: Positioning accuracy due to the Space Segment, m Ground Segment modernization; Introduction of new onboard clocks (2 Cs + 2 Rb); Implementation of advanced technologies for satellite control & commanding, Orbit and Clock data provision based on inter-satellite radio- and optical links; Implementation of PZ-90.11 Geodetic System aligned to ITRF with mm level; Synchronization of GLONASS Time Scale with UTC(SU) at less than 2 ns while keeping UTC(SU) long-term stability at 10-17 14
GLONASS CONSTELLATION STATUS 1 730 +01 9 702 +07 736 9-02 17 17 746 714 +04 743 +06 8 738-01 16 735 +02 24 20 2 747-04 10 717-07 18 754-03 734 +01 733-04 6 745 +05 7 4 721 5 13 I II III 742 +06 3-02 744 +05 715-07 14 716 +00 15 12 737-01 11 723 +00 725 21 755 +04 731-03 21 22 732 +03 23 20 20 719 +02 19 701-05 720 +03 Total Operational (Glonass-M) Status as of May 18, 2015. Under flight test (Glonass-K1) Under investigation (Glonass-M) 28 S/Cs 24 S/Cs 2 S/Cs 2 S/Cs Provides L1 and L2 FDMA open access service 20 15
Recent Events and Constellation Sustainment Plans Glonass-M No.54 March 24, 2014 Glonass-М No.55 June 14, 2014 1 Glonass-К1 satellite December 1, 2014 2015-2016: up to 9 launches of Glonass-M satellites (all are in stock) The preferences to Soyuz or Proton-M is given based on the operational needs Launch of Glonass-M No. 54 16
Satellite Modernization Longer guaranteed lifetime Modernization of S/C support systems New CDMA signals Improvement of on-board clock stability Advanced technologies for monitoring and control, orbit and clock data provision (cross-link) Glonass K1 Glonass -K2 Glonass - M Capability for advanced payload flight tests Extra functions New satellites ensure GLONASS accuracy improvement and broaden application domain. 17
Implementation of GLONASS Navigation Signals SC Legacy FDMA signals L1 L2 L1 1600.995 MHz New CDMA signals L2 1248.06 MHz L3 1202.025 MHz GLONASS-M L1OF L1SF L2OF L2SF - - L3OC (2014+) GLONASS-K L1OF L1SF L2OF L2SF L2SC (2017+) L3OC GLONASS-K2 L1OF L1SF L2OF L2SF L1OC L1SC (2018+) L2OC L2SC L3OC F FDMA C CDMA O open access S regulated access (special service) 18
Launch Complex Group launch of GLONASS satellites using: Proton-M LV; Angara-5 LV Launch complex composition : Integrated launch vehicle (LV + Booster+ SC + Fairing) Launch site Technical facility Ascending phase control facilities Single launch using: Soyuz-2 LV; Angara-A5 LV 19
Ground Segment of Space Complex Ground Segment Ground Control Segment Satellite TT&C control Orbit and Clock Data calculation and upload SIS quality control Onboard Time Scale reference to the Central Synchronizer TS GLONASS Time Scale Generation and Synchronization Facility GLONASS Time generation and keeping Satellites clock synchronization versus GLONASS Time Prediction of GLONASS Time drift versus the UTC (SU) Prediction of UTC (SU) drift versus Universal Time. Ground segment will ensure better performances of GLONASS System Space Complex for all categories of users. 20
GLONASS Ground Control Segment GLONASS Ground Segment modernization includes: Extension of the monitoring station network over the Russian territory Deployment of monitoring station network in Antarctica Extension of uplink station network throughout the Russian territory Deployment of global monitoring station network outside the Russian territory Further use of crosslink capabilities for Orbit and Clock data provision Creation of high stable Time Scale based on distributed system clocks synchronized versus the UTC (SU) Regional GLONASS Ground Control Segment Equatorial GLONASS Segment Regional GLONASS Segment Antarctic GLONASS Segment Accuracy of GLONASS system Space Complex depends on well-coordinated operation and coherency of space and ground segment characteristics 21
Conclusion Remaining as a dual-use system, GLONASS introduced for open service to the world user community free of charge GLONASS sustainment, development and evolution is a Russian Federation commitment secured by Federal GLONASS Program GLONASS performance improvement is a primary goal of GLONASS evolution program maintaining backward compatibility for all users, compatibility and interoperability with all GNSS International GNSS cooperation is aimed to assure mainstream use of GLONASS services worldwide being a part of Global Navigation Satellite System-of-Systems for benefit the world user community 22
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