GNSS: CNS Dependencies Lendina Smaja DATM/RDS/NAV 10 March 2015
Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal Impact GNSS: CNS Dependencies 2
Original FANS CNS/ATM Concept Navigation Communication Surveillance Air Traffic Management GNSS: CNS Dependencies 3
Future Navigation Environment Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Multi-mode Receiver ILS MLS En-route GBAS Landing GNSS: CNS Dependencies 4
Future Communications Environment Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS) VHF Data and Voice LDACS? AeroMACS Aeronautical Telecommunication Network GNSS: CNS Dependencies 5
Future Surveillance Environment Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract (ADS-C) and space based ADS Broadcast (ADS-B) ADS-C ADS-B Mode S Extended Squitter Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Multilateration (MLAT) GNSS: CNS Dependencies 6
Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 7
GPS Status SVs Launched Block IIF Block IIR-M Block IIR Block IIA Block II (9 launched) Block I IOC FOC (11 launched) 78 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Launch Failure Decommissioned ( but transmitting ) Operational Planned Launch Year GNSS: CNS Dependencies 8
GLONASS Status 2600 2500 2400 2300 Kosmos No. GLONASS Standard - Obsolete GLONASS M 7 year design life GLONASS K 10 year design life STATUS Operational Spare Maintenance Under check by manufacturer Not Yet Operational 82 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Launch Dates Obsolete Operational Launch Failure Planned Launch GNSS: CNS Dependencies 9
Galileo Status SVs Launched FOC IOV SVs injected into wrong orbit Tx on E1 only due to hardware issues GIOVE 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Launch Failure Decommissioned 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Operational Planned Launch GNSS: CNS Dependencies 10 Year
Satellite Augmentation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS 1) GPS, GLONASS ABAS SBAS GBAS Backbone Integrity monitoring only Continental (wide) area Series of corrections for each SV Improves accuracy and provides integrity Supports down to LPV Local Area Single time correction per SV Improves accuracy and provides integrity Supports Precision approach (CAT I only today) EGNOS WAAS MSAS GAGAN SDCM SBAS Satellite Navigation Systems GPS, GLONASS ABAS RAIM/AAIM/A-RAIM GBAS LAAS SCAT 1 PALS GBAS GNSS: CNS Dependencies 11
Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 12
GNSS in Communications GNSS: CNS Dependencies 13
GNSS in Navigation Precision Approach Flight Phase Operational Concept Target Date Current Situation Required Performance Enabling Systems EASA Certification Documentation En-Route RNAV 5 (B-RNAV) 1998 Mandatory +/- 5NM (95%) VOR/DME/ GPS*/ INS* AMC 20-4 Arrival/Departure RNAV 1 ( P-RNAV) 2006+ Implementation +/- 1NM (95%) DME/GPS (TGL10 Rev 1) RNP APCH 2006 Implementation +/- 0.3NM (95%) GPS AMC 20-27 RNP AR APCH Individual Implementation Implementation Depends on required accuracy <0.3NM (95%) GPS AMC 20-26 Approach / Landing APV Baro 2008 Implementation +/- 0.3NM (95%) GPS/Baro AMC 20-27 HAL +/- 40m (10-7 ) GPS + SBAS APV SBAS 2010 Implementation 1 AMC 20-28 VAL +/- 50m (10-7 ) (EGNOS) GBAS CAT I 2008-2015 Concept ICAO SARPs GPS + GBAS / GBAS CAT II/III 2012-2015 Concept TBD GPS + GBAS / GNSS: CNS Dependencies 14
Precision Approach - ILS, LPV, GLS Characteristics ILS: Signal limited to a sector, provides a fixed path and therefore not an area navigation system Outside the sector ILS can not be used for airborne location or guidance SBAS: Regional augmentation Supports LPV FAS in aircraft s NavDB GBAS: Local augmentation Currently supports CAT I FAS transmitted by ground station SBAS & GBAS signals not limited to a single sector and therefore can be theoretically used for position estimation and flight guidance in a large area In practice, there may be limitations with LPV and GLS deviations normally presented to the flight crew as an ILS look-alike depending on the avionic solution. GNSS: CNS Dependencies 15
GNSS in Surveillance Automatic Dependent Surveillance using ADS-C GNSS: CNS Dependencies 16
GNSS Supporting Future Surveillance Applications Airborne Surveillance Assistance Systems using ADS-B GNSS: CNS Dependencies 17
GNSS Supporting Future Operational Applications - SESAR Merging at correct spacing In-trail (follow ac in front) instruction: maintain XX seconds Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach: helping to identify the traffic to follow Reduced Wake Separation due to adapted GPA Detect and prevent runway incursions GNSS: CNS Dependencies 18
Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 19
Could GPS Fail? Unintentional Solar Flares Radiation (8 min) Radio storms Space Weather Probability? Coronal Mass Ejection Solar energetic particles (30 min) Radiation storms Coronal Holes Ionized plasma (1-4 days) Geomagnetic Storms Intentional Who? Why? Credit: NASA Impact Localised? Wide area? $39 GNSS: CNS Dependencies 20
And if GPS Fails Impact on Aviation? Time Slot Coordination Lost? Dependent Surveillance Lost? Separation Assurance Lost? Navigation Solution Lost? Time Coordination Lost? GNSS: CNS Dependencies 21
Mitigations? Solar activity Use of dual frequency receivers: Options: GPS III Fleet equipage Cycle 24 Single frequency Single constellation Cycle 25 Multi constellation Dual frequency Galileo GLONASS Beidou Use of multi constellation receivers for SV availability? Constellation available GPS single frequency GPS (US) dual frequency Galileo (EU) dual frequency Glonass (Russia) dual frequency Beidou (China) dual frequency 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Dual constellation (or more), dual frequency for aviation (L1/L5/L3/E5A/E5B) should be operational from 2020. What is the reversion prior to MC/MF? But which solution will be required for the region? The European A/C fleet will not be significantly equipped for the 25th solar cycle (2022-2027). GNSS: CNS Dependencies 22
Oceanic/Remote Continental Separation Standards Lateral Longitudinal Nav Performance 60NM 50NM 30NM 15NM? 80NM (in lieu 10 mins) 50NM 30NM Direct controller-pilot comms or CPDLC MNPS RNP10, RNP 4, RNP2 with direct controller pilot comms (DCPC) RNP4, RNP2 with CPDLC and ADS-C (14 min reporting) RNP2 with CPDLC and ADS-C Time Slot Coordination Lost Navigation Solution Lost Dependent Surveillance Lost enter your presentation title 23
Final Thought CNSS - Spectrum Challenges GPS is actively engaged with other GNSS Ensuring RF compatibility in increasingly crowded GNSS bands Maximizing benefit of interoperability thru use of common civil signals (e.g. L1C) Lower L Band Upper L Band S Band 1164 1215 1300 1559 1610 2483.5 2500 Frequency (MHz) L5 (2009) L5 L3 (2011) L2 E5A E5B E6 1164 1176.45 1191.795 1207.14 1215 1227.6 1240 1268.52 1278.75 1300 Frequency (MHz) L2 GPS Current GLONASS SBAS Galileo QZSS IRNSS BEIDOU Proposed GLONASS Frequency (MHz) GNSS: CNS Dependencies 24 L1 L1 L1 1559 1575.42 1610
25