MODEL SWS-232 MODEL SWS-485 SONIC WEATHER SENSOR

MODEL SWS-232 MODEL SWS-485 SONIC WEATHER SENSOR OPERATION MANUAL Document No. SWS-9800 Rev. A Met One Instruments 1600 Washington Blvd. Regional Sales & Service Grants Pass, Oregon 97526 3206 Main St. Suite 106 Telephone 541-471-7111 Rowlett, Texas 75088 Facsimile 541-541-7116 Telephone 972-412-4715 Facsimile 972-412-4716 SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 1 of 19

Copyright Notice SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Manual Copyright 2013 Met One Instruments, Inc. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language in any form by any means without the express written permission of Met One Instruments, Inc. Technical Support Should you require support, please consult your printed documentation to resolve your problem. If you are still experiencing difficulty, you may contact a Technical Service representative during normal business hours 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Pacific Standard Time, Monday through Friday. Voice: (541) 471-7111 Fax: (541) 471-7116 E-Mail: service@metone.com Mail: Technical Services Department Met One Instruments, Inc. 1600 Washington Boulevard Grants Pass, OR 97526 SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 2 of 19

Safety Notice The contents of this manual have been checked against the hardware and software described herein. Since deviations cannot be prevented entirely, we cannot guarantee full agreement. However, the data in this manual is reviewed regularly and any necessary corrections are included in subsequent editions. Faultless and safe operation of the product presupposes proper transportation, storage, and installation as well as careful operation and maintenance. The seller of this equipment cannot foresee all possible modes of operation in which the user may attempt to utilize this instrumentation. The user assumes all liability associated with the use of this instrumentation. The seller further disclaims any responsibility for consequential damages. Electrical & Safety Conformity The manufacturer certifies that this product operates in compliance with the following standards and regulations: FDA/CDRH This product is tested and complies with 21 CFR, Subchapter J, of the Health and Safety Act of 1968 US 21 CFR 1040.10 Warranty All instruments are warranted against defects in parts or workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. Should any instrument or part prove to be defective within the warranty period, upon written notice and return of the unit (freight prepaid), Met One Instruments, Inc. will, at its option, repair or replace the defective unit, and return it, transportation prepaid via UPS. Equipment abused, modified, or altered may cause cancellation of this warranty. The above warranty applies only to items manufactured by Met One Instruments, Inc. Items not manufactured by Met One Instruments, Inc. are warranted only to the extent and in the manner warranted by the manufacturer of such items. Should emergency warranty repair be required at a customer's facility, Met One Instruments, Inc. will provide such repairs and charge only the portal-to-portal Field Service rates and actual expenses in accordance with our published rates then in effect. Expendable supplies and wear items, such as bearings and lightning related damages, are not covered under this warranty. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 3 of 19

Table of Contents 1. Introduction & Overview Sonic Weather Sensor (SWS)... 5 1.1. Overview... 5 2. Specifications... 6 3. Unpacking & Installation... 7 3.1. Unpacking... 7 3.2. Deployment... 8 3.3. Operational Checkout... 8 3.4. Maintenance... 8 3.5. Input/Output Connections... 9 3.6. Setting Magnetic Declination... 9 4. User Selectable Options... 10 5. User Interface... 11 6. Output Format Detail... 12 7. Standard Configuration... 13 Serial Interface... 13 Wind Speed Range... 13 Temperature Range... 13 Pressure Range... 13 Averaging Interval... 13 BV and CV Defaults... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8. Appendix A... 14 8.1. Terminal Mode and SDI Commands... 14 9. Appendix B... 19 9.1. Theory of Operation... 19 SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 4 of 19

1. Introduction & Overview Sonic Weather Sensor (SWS) 1.1. Overview The Sonic Weather Sensor (models SWS-232 and SWS-485), is a weather instrument that provides measurements of wind speed, wind direction, ambient air temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure in a single, compact, rugged unit. The SWS integrates a folded-path, low-power sonic anemometer with a precision thermistor temperature sensor, fast-response capacitive relative humidity sensor, state-of-the-art barometric pressure sensor and an optional internal flux-gate compass for automatic alignment of wind direction to magnetic north. The small footprint and power efficiency of the SWS make it ideal for remote regions, urban environments, air quality networks, construction/remediation sites, and other network applications. The unit can be used in permanent (cooperative weather networks, schools, public information dissemination) or temporary (emergency response, audit, research program support) installations. Designed for maximum portability and utility, the SWS is well suited for rapid deployment and use by one person under all conditions. The unit may be mounted on a tower, tripod or vehicle mast. Data output is a serial, digital message that can be interfaced to most data logging systems. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 5 of 25

2. Specifications PERFORMANCE Wind Speed Range 0 to 60 m/s (0 to 134 mph) Accuracy ±0.5 m/s or 5% of reading (1) Resolution 0.1 m/s Wind Direction Range 0 to 360 Accuracy ± 5 @ wind speed > 2.2 m/s Resolution 1.0 Temperature Range -40 to +60 C (-40 to +140 F) Accuracy ±0.2 C (2) Resolution 0.1 C Relative Humidity Range 0 to 100% Accuracy ±3% (3) Resolution 1.0% Pressure Range 600 to 1100 hpa Accuracy ±0.5 hpa (3) Resolution 0.1 hpa Compass Option Accuracy ±2 Resolution 1 ELECTRICAL Measurement Rate Output: 1 Hz Signal Output RS-232, RS-485, and SDI-12 Power Requirements 8 to 36 VDC @ 40 ma nominal, option dependent ENVIRONMENTAL Temperature -40 C to +60 C (-40 to +140 F) Humidity 0 to 100% Notes: 1. Whichever is greater. 2. 0C to 60C. +/- 0.5C from -40C to 0C. 3. At 25 C. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 6 of 19

3. Unpacking & Installation 3.1. Unpacking When you unpack the SWS and accessories, first inspect the carton for any obvious damage. If the carton is damaged notify the carrier immediately. Please note it may be useful to take a couple of photos for future reference. Unpack the SWS and accessories and make a visual inspection of the items. The SWS Sonic Weather Sensor is shipped with the following items: 5-in-1 Sonic Weather Sensor, p/n SWS-232 or SWS-485. Pipe top mounting adaptor, p/n 10489. Calibration certificate. Operation manual (this document). If purchased, the following options may also be included: 10424 signal cable. Automatic alignment compass (pre-installed inside SWS). If any of the above components are missing contact Met One Instruments Customer Service Department at service@met One Instruments.com or 631-567-7300. Please keep the carton(s) and associated packing materials for reuse. Be sure to mount the sensor in a clear, open area to minimize any turbulent effects caused by local obstructions (e.g., trees, buildings, etc.). SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 7 of 19

3.2. Deployment Install the 10489 mounting adaptor onto the top of any 1 IPS pipe (1.34 OD). If not using the internal alignment compass, align the mounting adaptor so that the long slot in the side faces south. Run the 10434 signal cable up through the mount adaptor and plug it into the base of the SWS. Turn the connector sleeve clockwise (seen from below) until tight. Insert the SWS onto the 10489 mount adaptor and ensure the South alignment set screw slides down into the corresponding slot on the upper edge of the mount adaptor. Once the sensor is firmly seated and aligned on the mounting adaptor, tighten the 2 slotted base set screws. Run the signal cable from the mount to the data collection device being used (data logger or computer) following the wiring connections in Section 3.5. 3.3. Operational Checkout Connect SWS to your data logger or recording electronics. Connect power to the sensor cable per wiring diagram in section 3.5. Your recording electronics should start displaying or recording measurements from the SWS. Using experience or data from a local weather source compare the values for reasonableness. If the data looks OK, the unit is in operation. If data is questionable, contact Met One Instruments, Inc. Service Department for further guidance at (541)-471-7111. 3.4. Maintenance The unit has no moving parts and therefore requires no periodic maintenance for wear items. It is recommended that the data be checked every 6-12 months to be sure there has been no failure of any of the electrical components. This can be done using a small container over the sensor to zero check the wind measurement, and any co-located temperature, relative humidity device such as Met One Instruments, Inc. 083E-1-35 and co-located pressure sensor such as Met One Instruments P/N 092. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 8 of 19

3.5. Input / Output Connections The sensors wiring designations are as follows: RED BLK WHT BRN GRN BLU ORN WHT/BRN POWER POSITIVE POWER COMMON RS-232 TX (SWS-232) OR RS-485+ (SWS-485) RS-232 RX (SWS-232) OR RS-485- (SWS-485) SIGNAL COMMON SDI-12 EXTERNAL RAIN GAUGE INPUT SHIELD (must be grounded for transient protection to function) Warning: Do not short any of the signal or power wires to ground or to each other. 3.6. Setting Magnetic Declination If the optional internal flux gate compass is ordered, the wind direction in the SWS is automatically corrected to magnetic North and the unit will require no orientation upon deployment. Therefore it is important to understand and know the magnetic declination of the area in which the sensor will be operated. The declination in the SWS is factory set at zero degrees. To change this, refer to the MD command on page 15 for setting the Magnetic Declination. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 9 of 19

4. User Selectable Options The following User Defined Options can be set following the instructions detailed in Appendix A. MD Set Magnetic Declination OI Set Output Interval PU Set Pressure Units QU Quit command mode and save any changes SA SDI Address ST Set Serial Trigger Address SU Set Speed Units TU Set Temperature Units SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 10 of 25

5. User Interface The output of the SWS is a fixed length, comma delimited, serial data stream. The serial output is factory set for 9600 baud, no parity, 8 data bits, with 1 stop bit (N, 8, 1). The output interval default is once per second. This may be changed using the OI command (see Appendix A). The data is easily viewed and can be displayed and captured using Met One Instruments Comet Software or other terminal communication program. An example of the standard output format is shown below: 000.6,272,+023.6,022,0974.3,00.0,00.0,12.7,U0,*2257 Each parameter is a fixed length with leading zeros separated by a comma. The string terminates with a Carriage Return and Line Feed. Field parameters are defined as: 000.6,272,+023.6,022,0974.3,00.0,00.0,12.7,U0,*2257 WS,WD,Temp,RH,BP,NF1,NF2,CONFIG,CheckSum m/sec,deg,deg C,%,mbars The measurement units noted in the sample output data string are the default output units. The wind speed, temperature, and pressure units can be changed with the SU, TU, and PU terminal commands respectively. Please refer to Appendix A for more information. Polled data mode (RS232 or RS485) The sensor can be set for polled data mode instead of continuous serial output by setting the serial trigger string while in terminal mode. Refer to the ST terminal command in Appendix A. Additional help for setting this option is available in the sensor s ST menu. Type ST for help with this command. SDI-12 Interface In addition to the above communications methods, the sensor can be polled by an SDI-12 Master Station for data. This operates completely independent of the RS232 or RS485 communications and can be used in conjunction with those methods. Data are polled using a series of SDI-12 commands. Please see appendix A for a list of supported SDI commands. The default SDI Address for the BTOF is zero. The output format has the same basic structure as the RS232 output format, WS WD TMP RH BP BATT COMPASS. Please consult your data-logger manual for more information on SDI interfaces or call Met One for additional help. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 11 of 25

6. Output Format Detail The BTOF will only support one output format. This format will use fixed length fields but also include commas to accommodate either CSV import of the data or legacy programs which expect fixed length fields. The parameter order is shown in the table below. Field Parameter 01 Wind Speed 02 Wind Direction 03 Ambient Temperature 04 Relative Humidity 05 Barometric Pressure 06 Option field 07 Option field 08 Battery Voltage 09 Config. & Status 10 Check Sum The SWS will report data at a rate set using the OI user command, and is typically set to one second. An example is shown below. 000.6,272,+023.6,022,0974.3,00.0,00.0,12.7,U0,*2257 Note: when displaying the pressure in In/Hg, there will be an extra leading zero character but the fixed length of the field will not change. A check sum parameter will be added to the end of the message (*9999). The check sum is the addition of all the characters from the start of the message through the first character preceding the asterisk (*). The check sum is expressed as a decimal number. This is a 16 bit sum and should not overflow past 4 digits given the number of characters in the output string. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 12 of 25

7. Standard Configuration Serial Interface The serial interface will be fixed at 9600 Baud and configured for No Parity, 8 Data Bits and 1 Stop Bit. Wind Speed Range The Wind Speed Range choices will be limited to Mph or M/S. The Speed range for M/S is 0-60. The Speed range for MPH is 0-134. The Default will be M/S. Temperature Range The Temperature Ranges choices will be either Degrees C or Degrees F. The default is Degrees C. The range for Degrees C is -40 to +60, the range for Degrees F is -40 to +140. Pressure Range Pressure Range choices will remain In/Hg or Millibars. Default is Millibars. The Pressure range for Millibars is 600-1100. The Pressure Range for In/Hg is 17.72 to 32.48. Averaging Interval The Averaging Interval will be fixed to a rolling 5 second average. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 13 of 19

8. Appendix A 8.1. Terminal Mode and SDI Commands RS232 / RS485 Terminal Mode Commands Terminal mode is activated by entering three carriage return characters within a 2 second period. Terminal mode times-out after 2 minutes of inactivity. Successful entry into Terminal Mode will return an asterisk prompt: H,h,? - Display Help Menu H,h,? - This Help Menu ID View / Set Instrument ID MD - Set Magnetic Declination OI - Set Output Interval PU - Set Pressure Units SA - SDI Address ST - Set Serial Trigger Address SU - Set Speed Units TU - Set Temperature Units RV - Display Firmware Version Number Q - Quit command mode and save any changes NOTE: The commands noted in this appendix will change both the RS232 and RS485 outputs. The SDI-12 output can be configured independently. See pages below for SDI-12 commands. SU - Wind Speed Units Read or Set this serial port s output Units for Wind Speed COMMAN RESULT D SU<cr> SU0<cr> SU1<cr> Report Units setting M/S MPH SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 14 of 19

TU - Temperature Units Read or Set this serial port s output Units for Temperature COMMAN RESULT D TU<cr> TU0<cr> TU1<cr> Report Units setting Fahrenheit Celsius PU - Pressure Units Read or Set this serial port s output Units for Pressure COMMAN RESULT D PU<cr> PU0<cr> PU1<cr> Report Units setting Millibars (Default) Inches of Mercury MD - Magnetic Declination The optional flux compass in the SAMMIE sensor provides Wind Direction to MAGNETIC north. Software in the Interface allows the setting of a declination angle to correct the Wind Direction output to TRUE north. It is recommended that this procedure be done in the lab, but can be done in the field as well. Once the declination angle is set in the sensor, it is stored in non-volatile memory, and does not have to be reset each time the sensor is fielded. The declination angle must be reset only if the system is used in a different geographical location separated by many miles from the location where the declination was originally set. It is suggested that the magnetic declination be determined before performing this calibration. Visit the following web site for help in determining the correct declination for your site: www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/geomag/declination.shtml Enter your zip code and click "Get Location". On the next page, click "Compute!" At the bottom of the page, Field "D" is declination in degrees and minutes. Divide minute s value by 60 to get decimal remainder of degrees (I.E. 50 minutes = 0.8 degrees). If the declination needs to be adjusted, please use the MD command as shown below. Read or Set the Magnetic Declination COMMAND RESULT MD<cr> MDXX.X<cr > Report Magnetic Declination setting Set Declination to XX.X Degrees Note: West declination values are entered and reported as negative values. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 15 of 19

OI - Output Interval Read or Set the Output Interval for this serial port Note: This command is not supported by SDI-12, CAMEO/ALOHA, or Tracker Output. COMMAN RESULT D OI<cr> OI<cr> OI2<cr> OI3<cr> OI4<cr> OI5<cr> OI6<cr> Report Output Interval setting Sensor Output every 1 second (Default) Sensor Output every 2 seconds Sensor Output every 5 seconds Sensor Output every 15 seconds Sensor Output every 30 seconds Sensor Output every 60 seconds ST - Serial Trigger Read or Set the Serial Trigger character string (Poll command) COMMAND RESULT ST<cr> ST XXXXXX<cr> Report Serial Trigger string setting (provides help) Set Serial Trigger RV - Software Version Number Report the current Software Version Number COMMAN RESULT D RV<cr> Report current Software Version SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 16 of 19

SDI-12 Commands NAME SDI-12 COMMAND SENSOR RESPONSE Address Query?! a<cr><lf> Where a = address Acknowledge Active a! a<cr><lf> Where a = address Send Identification ai! a13metone SWS 0.2 0Axxxxx<CR><LF> Where a=address and xxxxx = S/N Change Address aab! b<cr><lf> Where b = new address Start Measurement amc! a0008<cr><lf> Where a = address Send Data ad0! a+bbb.b+ccc.c+ddd.d+eee.e<cr><lf> Where a = address, bbb.b = wind speed, ccc.c = wind direction, ddd.d = temperature, and Send Data eee.e = relative humidity Start Concurrent Measurement Start Concurrent Measurement with CRC ad1! ac! acc! a+ffff.f+ggg.g+hhh+ii.ii<cr><lf> Where a = address, ffff.f = barometric pressure, gg.gg = Extra1, hh.hh = Extra 2, and ii.ii = Power Supply Voltage a00008<cr><lf> Where a = address a00008<cr><lf> Where a = address Continuous Measurements ar0! a+bbb.b+ccc.c+ddd.d+eee.e<cr><lf> Where a = address, bbb.b = wind speed, ccc.c = wind direction, ddd.d = temperature, and eee.e = relative humidity Continuous Measurements eee.e = relative humidity, and {crc} = CRC with CRC ar1! arc0! a+ffff.f+ggg.g+hhh+ii.ii<cr><lf> Where a = address, ffff.f = barometric pressure, gg.gg = Extra1, hh.hh = Extra 2, and ii.ii = Power Supply Voltage a+bbb.b+ccc.c+ddd.d+eee.e{crc}<cr><lf> Where a = address, bbb.b = wind speed, ccc.c = wind direction, ddd.d = temperature, eee.e = relative humidity, and {crc} = CRC SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 17 of 19

NAME SDI-12 COMMAND arc1! SENSOR RESPONSE a+ffff.f+ggg.g+hhh+ii.ii<cr><lf> Where a = address, ffff.f = barometric pressure, gg.gg = Extra1, hh.hh = Extra 2, and ii.ii = Power Supply Voltage Report Wind Units Set Wind Units axsub axsu! axsub! axsub!<cr><lf> Where a = address, and b = 0 for Meters per Second (default), or 1 for Miles per Hour Report Temperature Units Set Temperature Units axtu! axtud! axtud<cr><lf> Where a = address, and d = 0 for Celsius (default), or 1 for Fahrenheit Report Pressure Units Set Pressure Units axpu! axpuf! axpuf<cr><lf> Where a = address, and f = 0 for Millibars (default), or 1 for Inches of Mercury Report Version Number axrv! axvnxx.x<cr><lf> Where a = address and xx.x = firmware version SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 18 of 19

9. Appendix B Wind 9.1. Theory of Operation The Met One sonic anemometer operates on the principal that the speed of the wind affects the time it takes for sound to travel from one point to a second point. If the sound is traveling in the direction of the wind then the transit time is decreased. If the sound is traveling in a direction opposite the wind then the transit time is increased. Temperature/Humidity The temperature sensor in the SWS uses a precision Thermistor. This provides highly accurate and stable temperature readings. This allows the SWS to directly interface with the temperature sensor without additional electronics. Sensor compensation is handled through software. The relative humidity sensor is a capacitive polymer sensor which is constructed to provide excellent resistance to wetting, dust, dirt, oils, and common environmental chemicals. A heavy contaminant layer of dirt will slow down the sensor s response time because it will take longer for water vapor to equilibrate in the sensor. Pressure sensor The barometric pressure sensor is a stable transducer using nano-technology, yielding a linear and repeatable sensor with low hysteresis. This piezo-resistive pressure sensor module is mounted on an electronic circuit board within the sensor. A microcontroller controls the operation of the sensor and the data interface. The microcontroller polls the pressure sensor module once per second for the barometric pressure and the ambient temperature. The raw readings are temperature corrected by the microcontroller. Fluxgate Compass The optional internal compass module is low power and compact. It employs a pair of magneto-resistive sensors, which change with varying magnetic field strengths, to sense the Earth s magnetic field. The SWS microprocessor measures the output of the internal compass and then corrects the wind direction data for the orientation of the sensor. The output of the SWS wind direction is relative to magnetic North. A user programmable value of Magnetic Declination may optionally be entered through terminal mode. This enables wind direction output relative to True rather than Magnetic North. SWS-9800 Rev A SWS Sonic Weather Sensor Operation Manual 19 of 19