Emerging Highly Compact Amplification Solutions for Coherent Transmission Market Focus ECOC 2017 Sep 20, 2017 Dr. Sanjai Parthasarathi Vice President, Product Marketing & Strategy II-VI Photonics
Outline 1. High Bit Rate Transmission (100 Gb/s and beyond...) End Drivers, Market Trends and Projections 2. The Need for Amplification 3. Key Requirements & Desired Features 4. Enabling Components 5. Innovative Integration Platforms 6. Prognosis 7. Summary Page 2
Bandwidth Drivers Peer to Peer sharing Video traffic: VoD, Surveillance Cloud, Analytics, Business Tools HD Video Augmented & Virtual Reality 5G IOT/IOE Industry 4.0 Page 3
Towards a More Connected World More connected People + More connected Machines = More connected World >27 B devices by 2021* *Source: The Zettabyte Era-Trends and Analysis Cisco, June 2017 Page 4
IP Traffic Growth IP Traffic Trends DATA migration: Text Pictures Voice Video Augmented Reality Virtual Reality Page 5
The Optical Network Enterprise Access Common Antenna TV (CATV) Metro Access High- Frequency Trading 100G 200G 400G ROADM Coherent Transceivers Focus of this Talk 5G Fixed Broadband Access Mobile Fronthaul/Backhaul Metro Aggregation Cloud Services DCI Metro Core Datacenter Interconnect DCI Hyper-scale Datacenters Submarine Line Terminal Long Haul & Ultra-Long Haul Submarine Link Social Networks Legend : Optical Switching WSS, MCS Optical Amplification Pump Lasers, Micro-optics Optical Monitoring OCM, OTDR Page 6
High Bit Rate Transmission Market WDM linecard revenue comparison, 2014 21 100+ Gbits/s coherent ~90% of the WDM equipment market by 2021* CAGR: 7.8% Source: Ovum - Jan 2017 Demand for coherent wavelengths running at speeds of 100 Gbps and higher are expected to grow at a solid pace for the next five years* * Source: Dell Oro July 2017 Page 7
Increasing Front Panel Capacity* 3.2 Tb/s 3.6 Tb/s CFP8 OSFP 12.8 Tb/s 800 Gb/s QSFP-DD 14.4 Tb/s 400 Gb/s 6,4 Tb/s * 1RU Face plate CFP2: 107.5 x 41.5 x 12.4 mm = 55 cm 3 iphone 5S: 123.8 x 58.6 x 7.6 mm = 55 cm 3 iphone X: 143.6 x 70.9 x 7.7 mm = 78 cm 3 Page 8
High Bit Rate Transmission Technologies COHERENT IS THE DOMINANT INCUMBENT Source: Ovum-2017 Direct Detect DWDM 100 G Technologies QPSK/16-QAM 100G/200G DWDM PAM4 QSFP28 IEEE SR4, LR4, ER4 OIF Coherent CFP/CFP2 QPSK/16-QAM 100G/200G/400G DWDM Sep-2017 10 40 80 Source: 2016 AGC Research and Inphi Distance, km 600 1000 Page 9
Direct Detect DWDM Growing as a Viable Alternative for < 80 km ~60% of Links < 80 km INPHI ColorZ DWDM PAM4 DWDM PAM4 QSFP-28 100G Switch 40x 100G Switch Advantages: 70% lower total cost of ownership Plugs directly into switch Small, QSFP-28 form factor No separate muxponder needed Higher capacity (4X) Lower power consumption (5X) Direct Detect DWDM vs. Coherent Amplification critical to overcome mux/demux loss Direct detect - may need dispersion management Opportunity to integrate OTDR for fiber integrity and OCM for Signal integrity Page 10
Need for Amplification 1. Modulation losses Especially important with Silicon photonics Complex modulation formats 2. Losses from polarization combiners and other optical elements 3. Passive coupling losses from ROADM/MCS 4. Tunable Filter losses 5. High Optical Output Power needed for Backward compatibility with legacy equipment Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs) is the technology of choice (over SOAs) Low power consumption No cooling required with uncooled 980nm pumps More efficient Slow gain dynamics, so no penalty Only solution in Silicon Photonics approaches BUT Need to be physically accomodated in the transciever Additional cost OOK DPSK DP-QPSK DC- DP-QPSK 10G 40G 100G 400G SOA EDFA Page 11
Need for Wavelength Tunable Filtering OSNR requirements drive ultra-compact low cost filtering Source: «Path to 400G» - Fujitsu 2013 Transceiver Module Rx Tx 1 Before Rx Non-adjacent Channel isolation Improvement (Ex: 100G CFP) 2 Transponder line card After Tx Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) Noise filtering GFF & VOA substitution Page 12
EDFAs for Coherent Transcievers Key Requirements & Desired Features Compact Low Cost Easy to Integrate Low Noise EDFA Low Power Page 13
Enabling Components for EDFA Tap Coupler Isolator WDM EDF EDF GFF Tap Coupler Amplified Signal Out Signal In PD Pump Laser Pump VOA Isolator Requirements for Coherent Transceiver Integration 1. Small form factor 2. Combine multiple functions hybrids 3. Easy to integrate over high density electronics/actives skyline 4. Thin and flat (over cylindrical) 5. Low power consumption 6. Low loss 7. Customizability (flexible design and process), C & L Band capability PD Page 14
Pump Technology Evolution Enabling Next Gen Coherent Amplification Butterfly Cooled Uncooled High Power Dual Chip Mini DIL Micro Nano Dual-Chip Pumps Enabling Low Cost, Compact Arrayed Amps Page 15
EDFA: Pump Trends Pumps Small Uncooled Low profile Mini Pump Micro Pump 11.1 x 4.4 x 3.1 mm Fiber Bragg Grating in package Low power consumption Flat packages preferred over cylindrical for thermals Thin and Flat Relative size comparison of typical CFP2, CFP4 & micro-pump Page 16
Passives EDFA: Passive Component Trends Multi-function Hybrids (WDM/Isolator/GFF/Tap/PD) Isolator GFF Tap Coupler PD Single sided devices for easy fiber handling From Cylindrical to Thin and Flat packages Dual sided Single sided Polarization Combiners Shrinking Tunable Filters (MEMS and Etalon) Wide band width, continuous tuning VOA Tap/PD/VOA Mini MEMS Tunable Filter w/ VOA Page 17
Need for Flexible Integration Platforms EDFAs have been integrated the same way for 15 years 1. Bulk Optics in free space Packaged in Cylindrical Packages Pigtailed using Collimating Optics 2. Spliced together with other optical components These integration approaches are inadequate Unable to keep up with the demands from emerging coherent transceivers Innovative components are necessary but not sufficient NEW INTEGRATION PLATFORMS ARE A MUST! Page 18
Innovative Integration Platforms Emerging Clever Conventional Packaging Layout, use of fiber guides, fixtures... What s Next? Highly Integrated Micro-optics? Company Confidential Innovative Substrates & Platforms Flexible Substrates* to hold components, fiber management (incl. Er) to custom fit in 3-D * II-VI FlexSOM 19
Summary and Prognosis 1. High Bit Rate Coherent Transmission will continue to remain one of the strongest growing market segments within Optical Networks 2. Complex modulation formats and Silicon Photonics based integration platforms will need loss compensation 3. Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier is the technology of choice 4. Innovative Enabling Components becoming available for EDFA transcievers 5. Innovative Integration Platforms Emerging Page 20
Thanks! Acknowledgements: Sara Gabba & Ian McClean Page 21