List of Austrian Bird Species

List of Austrian Bird Species compiled by Andreas Ranner December 2017 Avifaunistic Commission of BirdLife Austria ANSERIFORMES Status Cat. Mute Swan Cygnus olor B A/C2 Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus W A Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus D/W A Bean Goose Anser fabalis D/W A Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus A A Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons D/W A Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus D/W A Greylag Goose Anser anser B A/C2 Canada Goose Branta canadensis G/uB C5/D2 Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis D/aB A/D2 Brant Goose Branta bernicla U A Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis D A Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiaca G/uB C5/D2 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea G/uB B/C5/D2 Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna B A/C2 Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata B C1 Eurasian Wigeon Anas penelope D/W A American Wigeon Anas americana A A0 Falcated Duck Anas falcata A B Gadwall Anas strepera B A Eurasian Teal Anas crecca B A Green-winged Teal Anas carolinensis A A0 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos B A Northern Pintail Anas acuta B A Garganey Anas querquedula B A Blue-winged Teal Anas discors A A Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata B A Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina B A Common Pochard Aythya ferina B A Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris A A Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca B A Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula B A Greater Scaup Aythya marila D/W A Common Eider Somateria mollissima D/W/aB A Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus A A Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis D/W A Common Scoter Melanitta nigra D/W A Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca D/W A Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula B A Smew Mergellus albellus D/W A

Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator D/W A Common Merganser Mergus merganser B A Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis A C5 White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala A A GALLIFORMES Common Quail Coturnix coturnix B A Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca B A Hazel Grouse Tetrastes bonasia B A Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus muta B A Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix B A Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus B A Grey Partridge Perdix perdix B A Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus B C1 GAVIIFORMES Red-throated Loon Gavia stellata D/W A Black-throated Loon Gavia arctica D/W A Great Northern Loon Gavia immer D/W A Yellow-billed Loon Gavia adamsii A A PODICIPEDIFORMES Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis B A Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus B A Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena D/W/uB A Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus D/W A Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis B A PROCELLARIIFORMES Scopoli s Shearwater Calonectris diomedea A B Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan A B European Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus A A Leach s Storm Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa A B PELECANIFORMES Northern Gannet Morus bassanus A B Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo B A European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis A A0 Pygmy Cormorant Phalacrocorax pygmeus B A Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus U A Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus A A CICONIIFORMES Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris B A Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus B A Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax B A Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides D A Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis D A Little Egret Egretta garzetta B A Great Egret Egretta alba B A

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea B A Purple Heron Ardea purpurea B A Black Stork Ciconia nigra B A White Stork Ciconia ciconia B A Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus U/eB A Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia B A PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus A A ACCIPITRIFORMES European Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus B A Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus A A Black Kite Milvus migrans B A Red Kite Milvus milvus B A White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla B A Bearded Vulture Gypaetus barbatus B A/D2 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus U A Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus S/uB A/D2 Cinereous Vulture Aegypius monachus U/e(u?)B A/C5 Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus D/aB A Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus B A Northern Harrier Circus cyaneus B A Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus D A Montagu s Harrier Circus pygargus B A Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis B A Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus B A Levant Sparrowhawk Accipiter brevipes A A Common Buzzard Buteo buteo B A Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus D A Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus D/W A Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga U A Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina D/eB A Booted Eagle Aquila pennata D/eB A Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos B A Bonelli s Eagle Aquila fasciata A A Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis A A Eastern Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca B A Osprey Pandion haliaetus D/eB A FALCONIFORMES Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni A/eB A Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus B A Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus B A Merlin Falco columbarius D/W A Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo B A Saker Falcon Falco cherrug B A Gyrfalcon Falco rusticolus A A Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus B A

GRUIFORMES Water Rail Rallus aquaticus B A Spotted Crake Porzana porzana B A Little Crake Porzana parva B A Baillon s Crake Porzana pusilla U/uB A Corn Crake Crex crex B A Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus B A Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio A B Eurasian Coot Fulica atra B A Common Crane Grus grus D/eB A Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax A/eB A Macqueen s Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii A A Great Bustard Otis tarda B A CHARADRIIFORMES Eurasian Stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus B A Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus B A Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta B A Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus D A Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva A A0 American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica A A European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria D A Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola D A Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius A A White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus A A Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus B A Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius B A Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula D A Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus B A Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii A A Eurasian Dotterel Charadrius morinellus B A Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus D A Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris A A Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata B A Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa B A Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica D A Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres D A Red Knot Calidris canutus D A Ruff Calidris pugnax D/eB A Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata A A0 Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus D A Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea D A Temminck s Stint Calidris temminckii D A Sanderling Calidris alba D A Dunlin Calidris alpina D A Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima A A Baird s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii A A Little Stint Calidris minuta D A

White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis A A Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis U A Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos D A Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla A A Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus D A Red Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius D A Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus U A Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos B A Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius A A Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus D/uB A Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus D A Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia D A Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes A A Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis D/aB A Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola D A Common Redshank Tringa totanus B A Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus D/W A Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola B A Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago B A Great Snipe Gallinago media D A Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor A A Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola U A Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni A A Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus U A Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus D A Long-tailed Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus U A Great Skua Stercorarius skua U A Common Murre Uria aalge A B0 Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia A B Razorbill Alca torda A A0 Little Auk Alle alle A A Atlantic Puffin Fratercula arctica A A0 Little Tern Sternula albifrons D/eB A Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica D/eB A Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia D A Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida D/uB A Black Tern Chlidonias niger D/eB A White-winged Tern Chlidonias leucopterus D/euB A Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis D A Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis A A Common Tern Sterna hirundo B A Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii A A0 Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea D/aB* A Little Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus D A Sabine s Gull Xema sabini A A Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla D A Slender-billed Gull Larus genei A A Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus B A Pallas s Gull Larus ichthyaetus A A

Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus B A Mew Gull Larus canus B A Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis A A Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus D A European Herring Gull Larus argentatus D A Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans D/W A Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis B A Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides A B Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus A A Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus D A PTEROCLIDIFORMES Pallas s Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus A B COLUMBIFORMES Rock Dove Columba livia forma domestica B C1 Stock Dove Columba oenas B A Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus B A Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto B A European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur B A Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis A A CUCULIFORMES Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius A A Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus B A STRIGIFORMES Barn Owl Tyto alba B A Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops B A Eurasian Eagle-Owl Bubo bubo B A Snowy Owl Bubo scandiacus A A Northern Hawk-Owl Surnia ulula A A Eurasian Pygmy Owl Glaucidium passerinum B A Little Owl Athene noctua B A Tawny Owl Strix aluco B A Ural Owl Strix uralensis B A/D2 Long-eared Owl Asio otus B A Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus B A Boreal Owl Aegolius funereus B A CAPRIMULGIFORMES European Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus B A APODIFORMES Common Swift Apus apus B A Alpine Swift Apus melba B A CORACIIFORMES Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis B A

European Bee-eater Merops apiaster B A Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus A A European Roller Coracias garrulus B A Hoopoe Upupa epops B A PICIFORMES Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla B A Grey-headed Woodpecker Picus canus B A European Green Woodpecker Picus viridis B A Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius B A Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major B A Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus B A Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos medius B A White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos B A Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor B A Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus B A PASSERIFORMES Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra U A White-winged Lark Melanocorypha leucoptera A B0 Black Lark Melanocorypha yeltoniensis A B Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla D/aB A Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens A A0 Crested Lark Galerida cristata B A Woodlark Lullula arborea B A Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis B A Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris U A Sand Martin Riparia riparia B A Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris B A Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica B A Common House Martin Delichon urbicum B A Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica U A Richard s Pipit Anthus richardi U A Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris B A Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni A A Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis B A Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis B A Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus D A Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta B A Eurasian Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus A A Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava B A Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola D/aB A Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea B A White Wagtail Motacilla alba B A Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus D/W A White-throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus B A Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes B A Dunnock Prunella modularis B A Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella A B

Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris B A European Robin Erithacus rubecula B A Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia D/eB A Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos B A Bluethroat Luscinia svecica B A Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros B A Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus B A Whinchat Saxicola rubetra B A Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus A A European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola B A Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina A A Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe B A Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka A A Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica A A Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti A A Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis B A Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius A/e(u?)B A White s Thrush Zoothera dauma A B Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus B A Common Blackbird Turdus merula B A Naumann s Thrush Turdus naumanni A A Dusky Thrush Turdus eunomus A A Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis A A Fieldfare Turdus pilaris B A Song Thrush Turdus philomelos B A Redwing Turdus iliacus D/W/aB A Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus B A American Robin Turdus migratorius A B Cetti s Warbler Cettia cetti A A0 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis A/aB? A Common Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia B A River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis B A Savi s Warbler Locustella luscinioides B A Booted Warbler Iduna caligata A A Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida A A Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina B A Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta U A Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon B A Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola U/eB A Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus B A Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola A A Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum A A Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris B A Eurasian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus B A Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus B A Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans U A Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala A A Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis A A0 Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria B A

Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca B A Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis B A Garden Warbler Sylvia borin B A Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla B A Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides A A Pallas s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus A A Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus A A Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus A A Western Bonelli s Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli B A Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix B A Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita B A Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus B A Goldcrest Regulus regulus B A Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla B A Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata B A Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva B A Semi-collared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata A A Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis B A European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca B A Bearded Reedling Panurus biarmicus B A Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus B A Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus A A Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus B A Great Tit Parus major B A Coal Tit Periparus ater B A European Crested Tit Lophophanes cristatus B A Marsh Tit Poecile palustris B A Willow Tit Poecile montanus B A Eurasian Nuthatch Sitta europaea B A Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria B A Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris B A Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla B A Eurasian Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus B A Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus B A Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus A A0 Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio B A Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor D/eB/uB A Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor B A Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator U/eB A Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius B A Common Magpie Pica pica B A Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes B A Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus B A Red-billed Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax A/eB A Western Jackdaw Corvus monedula B A Rook Corvus frugilegus B A Carrion Crow Corvus corone B A Northern Raven Corvus corax B A Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris B A

Rosy Starling Pastor roseus D A House Sparrow Passer domesticus B A Italian Sparrow Passer italiae B A Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus B A Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia A/aB? B0 White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis B A Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs B A Brambling Fringilla montifringilla D/W/aB A European Serin Serinus serinus B A Citril Finch Serinus citrinella B A European Greenfinch Carduelis chloris B A European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis B A Eurasian Siskin Carduelis spinus B A Common Linnet Carduelis cannabina B A Twite Carduelis flavirostris W A Common Redpoll Carduelis flammea B A Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera A A Red Crossbill Loxia curvirostra B A Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus A A Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus A A0 Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus B A Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator A B0 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula B A Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes B A Lapland Longspur Calcarius lapponicus U A Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis D/W A Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos U A Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella B A Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus D/uB A Rock Bunting Emberiza cia B A Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana B A Cretzschmar s Bunting Emberiza caesia A A Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica A A Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla A A Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus B A Black-haded Bunting Emberiza melanocephala U A Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra B A Species of Category D ANSERIFORMES Status Cat. Black Swan Cygnus atratus eb D3 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus G/aB* D2/D4 Snow Goose Anser caerulescens A D1/D4 Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata forma domestica eb/ub D2 Wood Duck Aix sponsa ub D2 GALLIFORMES Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo B D2 Reeve s Pheasant Syrmaticus reevesii eub D3 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus ub D3

PELECANIFORMES Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens A D1 CICONIIFORMES Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus A D1 FALCONIFORMES Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus A D1 PSITTACIFORMES Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri eb D3 Monk Parakeet Myiopsitta monachus eub D3 PASSERIFORMES Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus eub D3 Summary Status Categories Species total all A, A0, B, B0, C 430 Recorded at least once in a wild state all A, A0, B, B0 424 Recorded at least once since 1.1.1950 in a wild state all A, A0 406 - with proof all A 393 Solely introduced/naturalized all C 6 Regular breeding species B A, C 217 * - autochthonous breeders B A 213 * - solely introduced breeders B C 4 ** Regular non-breeding visitors D, S, W A, C 87 Irregular visitors U A 24 Vagrants A A, A0 102 * This figure also includes the Bearded Vulture which became extinct as an autochthonous breeding species in Austria in the late 19 th century. Currently birds from the reintroduction project are breeding annually since 2001 (successfully since 2010), but this population is as yet not self-sustaining. ** The Austrian breeding population of Mute Swan originates from released birds. Only non-breeding visitors (migrants, winter visitors) are considered under Category A. Reference: Crochet P.-A. & G. Joynt (2015): AERC list of Western Palearctic birds. July 2015 version. http://www.aerc.eu/tac.html Abbreviations used for status and category Status: B Regular breeding species in Austria: proven breeding or well-founded suspicion thereof in at least eight out of the last ten years 1 ub Irregular breeding species in Austria: Non-continous breeding occurrences or well-founded suspicion of breeding in more than three years since 1800 and proven breeding or well-founded suspicion thereof in at least one but not more than seven out of the last ten years 1

eb Former regular breeding species, now extinct: no proven breeding or well-founded suspicion thereof in the last ten years 1 eub Former irregular breeding species, now extinct: no proven breeding or well-founded suspicion thereof in the last ten years 1 e(u?)b Extinct breeding occurrence, the regularity of which cannot be judged any more ab Exceptional breeder: The species has bred in Austria in not more than three years since 1800, including at least one proven case of breeding (nest, eggs or non-fledged young). ab* denotes species that have bred in Austria so far only in mixed pairs with other species D Occurs in Austria regularly on migration S Occurs in Austria regularly as non-breeding summer visitor W Occurs in Austria regularly as winter guest G Non-breeding birds can be found all year (feral waterfowl only) U Irregular visitor in Austria (at least 15 records in Austria; recorded during the last 20 years in less than 15 years but more than 5 times) A Vagrant (either less than 15 records in total or a maximum of 5 records during the last 20 years irrespective of the total number of records) 1 The period of the last ten years refers to the years 2008-2017. A status abbreviation for non-breeding occurrence (D, S, W, U, A) is only given for those species that are not denoted as regular breeders (B). Category: A Recorded in Austria at least once in a wild state since 1. January 1950. There is or was a proof for at least one record (specimen, photograph, video, sound recording etc.). A0 No proof (specimen, photograph, video, sound recording etc.) but at least one report since 1950 was accepted by the Austrian Avifaunistic Committee as sufficiently documented. B Recorded in a wild state in Austria only between 1800 and 31. December 1949. There is or was a proof for at least one record. B0 Recorded in a wild state in Austria only between 1800 and 31. December 1949, but there is or was no proof for these records. C Established in Austria as self-sustaining breeding species by man. This includes species that have never been autochthonous to Austria (C1), species that also occur in Austria in a wild state (C2), extinct species that have been reintroduced successfully (C3) and domesticated species that have established self-sustaining feral populations in Austria (C4). This category also includes species that occur in Austria as visitors originating from self-sustaining populations in other countries, where they are placed in category C (C5). D This category includes species that cannot be placed safely in another category. These are species for which an origin from captivity cannot be excluded safely for all records (D1), species for which there are at least occasional breeding records of escaped or released birds, but which cannot yet be considered as self-sustaining (D2) or species of which a non-autochthonous breeding population in Austria has become etxinct (D3). Additionally this category includes species for which there are records of birds that originate from only possibly self-sustaining populations in other countries (D4).