台日次世代移動通信技術の開発と応用シンポジウム スモールセル 4G から 5G への産業応用動向 Sheng-Lin Chou ( 周勝鄰 ) Deputy GD, ICL/ITRI e-mail: slchou@itri.org.tw 2015. 06
Small Cell の応用シーン Capacity vs. Coverage Indoor vs. Outdoor 50%-50% on Current Status Outdoor --- Extension of Macro Indoor --- Segregated Environment Operator vs. Users Deployed Use Cases Home Enterprise Urban Rural & Remote Macro Cell RRU Wi-Fi Distributed Antenna System (DAS) Residential Small Cell 1
Small Cell Deployment Status 世界における Small Cell の構築が予想に及ばず!! 技術面の課題 技術面以外の課題 3G 時代 2000 ~ 2007: - インターネット帯域幅の需要が高くなかった 2008 ~ 2010: - 4Gへのアップグレードを考慮し始めた Source: Small Cell Forum, Feb. 2015 4G: 2010 ~ now 全面カバーを優先 - 大型基地局設置を優先 Small Cell Follows? 2
Small Cell Market Trends Residential Non-Residential Trend of unit price: home ; business or carrier-grade scenarios Growth Rate in 2013 : Residential : 7% ; Non-residential : 85% Revenue at 2015: Urban + Enterprise > Residential Revenue at 2018: Non-residential > 96% Source: Small Cell Forum, Feb. 2015 3
Small Cell 構築の問題 Interference HeNet Major Issue in Small Cell Deployments Backhaul Wireless Backhaul mmwave? 802.11ad? RAN Integration Spectrum Management Handover Getting Worse as Small Cell coverage is getting smaller Small Cell 4
SON Self Organizing Network (SON) Essential for Supporting Massive Small Cell Deployment Expensive for Network Deployment SON Functionality Self-Configuration Band Selection, Cell ID, Tx Power, Neighboring List, Authentication and setup of secure tunnel to mobile core & OA&M Transport parameters (IP addresses, QoS negotiation, ;) Self Optimization Neighbor list optimization Handover optimization Load balancing and capacity optimization Interference Mitigation/Management 5
EU METIS s Vision on 5G METIS 5G Vision ITU-R 5G Vision: IMT-2020 and Beyond Parameter User experienced data rate Peak data rate Mobility Latency Connection density Energy efficiency Spectrum efficiency Area Traffic Capacity Value for IMT 2020 100Mbit/s 1Gbit/s 20 Gbit/s 500km/h 1ms 10 6 #/Km 2 50-100 times IMT- Advanced 2/3/5 times IMT- Advanced 10 Mbps/m 2 Source: WP5D #21, Feb. 2015 6
1,000x Capacity Increase Challenges Spectrum Efficiency Spectrum Extension/ Utilization Network Efficiency/ Density = 1000x Capacity 25 4 10 10 10 10 4 5 50 2.5 4 100 High Challenge 7
METIS 5G System Concepts Direct Device-to-Device (capacity, reliability, coverage, EE) Ultra-reliable Communication (Very low latency, multi-hop comm.) METIS 5G System Concepts Ultra-dense Networks (very high data rates, crowds) Massive Machine Communications (IoT, Very low cost & power) Moving Networks (Coverage, V2V, In-vehicle apps) 8
UDN --- Technical Challenges Radio Access Technology LTE-A evolutionary based? or new revolutionary one? New spectrum opportunities on mmwave with massive MIMO for link performance improvement Frame structure optimized for dynamic IP traffic Spectral efficiency increase New modulations, Enhanced link performance, Reduced control signalling overhead, Small cell Integration and Interaction Node clustering for collaboration Neighborhood discovery for dynamic clustering Resource / interference management, RAT selection, spectrum sharing Spectrum coordination to avoid in-band/out-of-band coexistence problems Reduction of the number of hand-over (HO) failure UDN/Macro integration Potential split of user and control plans 9
Wireless Backhauling UDN --- Technical Challenges Wireless backhaul will be a key enabler for indoor and outdoor UDN deployments 5G UDN deployments will require less planning, optimization and management when most of these functionalities will be automated and solved by the network itself Less predictable needs for backhaul is available Wireless backhaul for UDN should be Self-configurable Adaptive to changes in network topology and network load 10
Qualcomm UDN Trial Deployment At NASCAR Phoenix Intl Raceway, April 2014 The densest LTE outdoor LTE network Avg. cell distance: 22m (compared with traditional: 519 m) Deployed with unplanned manner Equivalent to 1,000 Small Cells/km2 40x more capacity than traditional solution which is no interference management Data Source: Qualcomm 11
Simulation Result on UDN 1 km2に同一チャネルの Small Cells が 100 個 1 km2に同一チャネルの Small Cells が 1,000 個 Simulation result Simulation result 12
UDN Trial in ITRI Ultra Dense Network Hotspot: Convenience Store Fast Food Restaurant Food Court Post Office Bank 150 x 150 Square Meters First Floor and Underground Floor Peak Times: 3000 people Off peak Times: 100 people Mobility: Bi directional Speed Limit: 30Km/h Max. 900 Meters Lane Outdoor: Softball Field Car Park 125 x 150 Square Meters Average 200 people Deploy with ITRI Small Cells; ud Cell Deployment Plan: 100 Indoors/outdoors Small Cell (~ 1,000 cells/km2) Current Deployment: ~ 40 small Cells Indoor: Office Meeting Room Lecture Hall Lobby 100 x 35 Square Meters 3 Stories High Average 800 people 13 13
ITRI LTE-A Small Cell Solution 64 Active Users Support UE CAT 6 Throughput : DL/UL 300M/50M 8/16 UE per TTI GPS/IEEE1588 synchronization Sniffer Function X2 & SchedulingがeICICをサポート Smart Antenna Supported RRM SON Smart Antenna SON ARM A8/A15 RRC OAM D B PDCP SON L3 RRM Framewor k Call Control Finite State Machine RRM AS N. 1 Protocol. RLC Ethernet. PDCP. RRC TI NDK. S1 GTP-U QoS UDCP S1A P AS N. 1 SCTP LSCHED LMAC X2A P Framework RLC UMAC MAC PHY API Cor e 1 5MHz 5MHz Primary Secondary Carrier Aggregation CC CC USCHED Sm art ante nna Cor e 0 RF Chip/ RF 14 Mod ule Baseband PHY AD AD AD CAD C DA DA DA C DA C FP GA TX Cor e 2 RF Contro l SRIO RX Cor e 3 Tx/Rx Filtering and Access Timing Control 14
Centralized SON Server SON Server SON Algorithm MME/S-GW ITRI SON Server (HeMS + SON Agent) FTP TCP CWMP TCP IP IP L1/L2 L1/L2 ITRI Small Cell Backhaul Network RRM SON OAM ITRI Small Cell ITRI Small Cell RRC PDCP HeNB Controller GTP- U UDP S1AP SCTP X2AP CWM P TCP PM SQLite FTP UE RLC IP ITRI Small Cell UE CWMP/FTP X2 S1 MAC PHY L1/L2 CWMP (TR-069) (SON Server がSmall Cell システムパラメータを調整 ) FTP (Performance Report をアップロード ) 15
Interference Management -50% -26% -30% ICIC Coordination ICIC eicic は UDN 環境においてパフォーマンスが低下する -30% Mean BS Throughput eicic Coordination Inter-site distance in meters 16
LTE-A Dual RAT Smart Antenna SON/RRM + Smart Antenna RRM Beam Control SON 17
Dual RAT: LTE-A/WiFi Aggregation IP Packet RRC Wi-Fi LTE USched LTE.L2 PDCP/RLC UMAC Multi Radio Control LTE driver WiFidriver WiFidriver CN LTE radio WiFi radio WiFi radio Internet App MRC Mechanism UE1 LTE.L2 (w/ MRC) UE2 (w/ MRC) 18
ITRI 5G Project: mmwave based Small cell Application 1GbE CPU/GPU L2/L3 Server 10GbE 1GbE/ 10GbE Switch 1GbE 1GbE 1GbE 1GbE DSP Subframe Enc/Dec DSP Subframe Enc/Dec DSP Subframe Enc/Dec DSP Subframe Enc/Dec SRIO SRIO DSP Tx/Rx Sync SRIO SRIO BBU CPRI CPRI Decoder AC/DC Power ADI IF ADI IF ADI IF ADI IF RF Control IF RRH RF Transceiver RF T/R Module mmwave Prototype Demonstration in Globalcomm 2014: ~1G bps 19