EEK 474 REKABENTUK MESIN ELEKTRIK

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Peperiksaan Semester Pertama Sidang Akademik 2010/2011 November 2010 EEK 474 REKABENTUK MESIN ELEKTRIK Masa : 3 jam ARAHAN KEPADA CALON: Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi SEBELAS (11) muka surat bercetak sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi LIMA (5) soalan Jawab SEMUA soalan. Mulakan jawapan anda untuk setiap soalan pada muka surat yang baru. Agihan markah bagi soalan diberikan disudut sebelah kanan soalan berkenaan. Jawab semua soalan di dalam Bahasa Malaysia atau Bahasa Inggeris atau kombinasi keduaduanya. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai]. In the event of any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. 2/-

- 2 - [EEK 474] Formula and Material parameters: Heat loss dissipation by radiation : Heat loss dissipation by natural convection : Heat loss dissipation by forced convection : Radiation Constants k Type of surface k W/(m 2 K 4 ) Polished 0.2x10-8 silver Aluminum 3x10-8 paint Non-metalic 5x10-8 enamel Perfect 5.7x10-8 Emitter blackbody Bright 1x10-8 copper 3/-

- 3 - [EEK 474] 1. (a) Apakah kehilangan hysteresis? Bagaimanakah anda boleh mengurangkan kehilangan jenis ini dalam peralatan elektrik? What is hysteresis loss? How do you minimize this type of loss in electrical equipment? (b) Apakah kehilangan arus pusar? Bagaimanakah anda boleh mengurangkan kehilangan jenis ini dalam perkakas elektrik? What is eddy current loss? How do you minimize this type of loss in electrical equipment? (c) Cadangkan suatu ujikaji yang mana anda boleh mengukur gelung hysteresis untuk teras gelung cicin yang dibina daripada besi elektrik Propose an experimental set-up which you could measure the hysteresis loop of a ring core made of from electrical steels. (d) Sebuah motor aruhan yang beroperasi pada kadar voltan dan kadar frekuensi mempunyai kehilangan arus pusar sebanyak 200W. Tafsirkan kehilangan arus pusar jika frekuensi diturunkan ke 60% dan voltan masukkan ditukar supaya menjana 80% kadar ketumpatan fluks An induction motor which is operating at rated voltage and rated frequency has eddy current loss of 200W. Estimate the eddy current loss if the frequency is reduced to 60% and the applied voltage is adjusted to provide 80% rated flux density. 4/-

- 4 - [EEK 474] 2. (a) Kamu diberi satu teras bergelung magnetik yang mempunyai 250 lilitan dan purata panjang 100mm. Graf pemagnetan dc bagi bahan bergelung tersebut seperti di Rajah 1. Andaikan bahawa lilitan itu diuja dengan arus dc 0.2A, anggarkan ketumpatan fluks B c teras gegelung dan relative kebolehtelapan µ r teras gegelung You are given a ferromagnetic toroid with 250 turns wound coil and a mean length of 100mm. The dc magnetization curve for the ferromagnetic material is shown in Figure 1. Assume that the coil is excited with 0.2A dc current, estimate the flux density B c in the core and relative permeability of the core µ r (b) Satu ferromagnetik teras-c mempunyai purata panjang teras 200mm, tebal sela udara 1mm, gelung lilitan 500 pusingan dan luas rentasan 100mm 2 seperti Rajah 2. Andaikan relatif kebolehtelapan teras µ r ialah 2000 dan gelung lilitan diuja dengan arus dc 1A, kirakan ketumpatan fluks B g di sela udara A ferromagnetic C-core has a mean core length of 200mm, an airgap of 1mm thick, a wound coil of 500 turns and a cross-sectional area of 100mm 2 as shown in Figure 2. Assume that the relative permeability of the core µ r is 2000 and the coil is excited with 1A dc current, calculate the flux density B g in the airgap. 5/-

- 5 - [EEK 474] (c) Sebuah alatan pengubah besar dalam bangunan dicatkan dengan hitam bukanlogam. Dicadangkan alatubah tersebut ditukar dengan cat aluminum. Apakah ini akan mempengaruhi suhu alatubah tersebut? Jika ya, apakah ia akan lebih panas atau sejuk? Beri huraian dan sebab-sebab nya. A large indoor transformer is painted a non-metalic black. It is proposed to refurbish the transformer using aluminum paint. Will this affect the temperature of the transformer? If so, will it run hotter or cooler? Give explanation and reasons. (d) Kabel dan komponen-komponen elektrik dalam sebuah panel kepingan besi mengeluarkan haba sebanyak 2kW. Sebuah kipas dalam panel tersebut berfungsi untuk memastikan suhu dalam panel adalah setara. Dimensi-dimensi panel ialah 2m lebar, 3m tinggi dan 1m panjang, dan tertutup binaannya. Andaikan haba dibuang dengan cara olakan dan radiasi melalui semua permukaan kecuali permukaan bawah, anggarkan suhu dalam panel jika suhu sekeliling ialah 30 0 C. Panel tersebut dicat dengan enamel bukan-logam. The cable and other electrical components inside a sheet metal panel dissipate heat of 2kW. A blower inside the panel ensures the inside temperature at a uniform level throughout. The panel dimensions are 2m wide, 3m high and 1m deep, and totally enclosed. Assuming that the heat is radiated by convection and radiation from all sides except the bottom, estimate the temperature inside the panel if the ambient temperature is 30 0 C. The panel is painted with a nonmetallic enamel. 6/-

- 6 - [EEK 474] Rajah 1 Figure 1 Rajah 2 Figure 2 7/-

- 7 - [EEK 474] 3. Faktor belitan K w merupakan satu cara untuk merendahkan harmonik-harmonik tinggi dalam voltan aruhan di motor ac. Walau bagaimanapun, faktor belitan K w sangat bergantung dengan susunan belitan yang dibuat untuk sesebuah motor. Winding factor K w is one of the methods to reduce higher order harmonics in the induced back-emf of ac motor. However, winding factor K w is much influenced by winding arrangement adopted for a given motor. (a) Tunjukkan lakaran lilitan untuk motor 12-slot/2-kutub jika menggunakan lilitan satu lapis, belitan penuh pic dan 60 0 fasa rebak elektrik. Kirakan juga faktor belitan K w pada n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 Show winding schematic for 12-slot/2-pole motor if single layer winding, full-pitch coil and 60 0 elect phase spread are used. Calculate the winding factor K w at n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 respectively; (b) Tunjukkan lakaran lilitan untuk motor 12-slot/2-kutub jika menggunakan lilitan dua lapis, belitan pic pendek sebanyak satu slot dan 60 0 fasa rebak elektrik Show winding schematic for 12-slot/2-pole motor if double layer winding, shortpitch coil by one slot and 60 0 elect phase spread are used; (c) Kirakan faktor belitan K w pada n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 untuk bahagian (b); Calculate the winding factor K w at n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 respectively for part (b); 8/-

- 8 - [EEK 474] (d) Tunjukkan lakaran lilitan untuk motor 9-slot/8-kutub. Kirakan faktor belitan K w pada n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 Show winding schematic for 9-slot/8-pole motor. Calculate the winding factor K w at n=1, n=3, n=5, n=7 respectively; 4. Dimensi-dimensi penting dan parameter bagi motor PM 3-fasa 9-slot/10-kutub tanpa berus seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3 adalah seperti berikut: Important dimensions and parameters for a 3-phase 9-slot/10-pole PM brushless motor as shown in Figure 3 are as follows: Stator outer radius R so : 60mm Stator inner radius R si : 35mm Rotor outer radius R r : 31mm Magnet thickness l m : 3mm Airgap thickness l g : 1mm NdFeB remanance B r : 1.20 T NdFeB relative permeability µ r : 1.05 Active length l a : 50mm Saturation flux density in iron B sat : 1.60 T (a) Cari lebar badan gigi W tb dan tinggi yoke stator W sy Find the tooth body width W tb and stator yoke height W sy (20%) (b) Cari tinggi hujung gigi W tt, kedalaman slot d s dan luas slot A slot Find the tooth tip height W tt, slot depth d s and slot area A slot (20%) 9/-

- 9 - [EEK 474] (c) Lakarkan lilitan untuk motor PM tanpa berus 3-fasa 9-slot/10-kutub Sketch winding layout for this 3-phase 9-slot/10-pole PM brushless motor (20%) (d) Jika diameter 1mm wayar kopper digunakan untuk lilitan dan anggapkan 35% faktor isian digunakan, anggarkan bilangan jumlah lilitan setiap fasa N ph If 1mm diameter of copper wire is used for the winding and assuming 35% packing factor is used, estimate total number of winding turns per phase N ph (20%) (e) Anggarkan voltage rms bagi emf fasa jika motor ini berpusing dengan kelajuan segerak pada frekuensi 50Hz Estimate the rms voltage of the phase emf if the motor is rotating at synchronous speed of 50Hz frequency (20%) 10/-

- 10 - [EEK 474] Rajah 3 Keratan rentas motor untuk Soalan 4 Figure 3 Motor Cross Section for Question 4 5. (a) Huraikan tujuan-tujuan menggunakan belitan pemampasan dan belitan antara kutub di motor dc beberus Describe the objectives of using compensating windings and interpole windings respectively in brushed dc motor; 11/-

- 11 - [EEK 474] (b) Lakarkan belitan bertindih untuk motor dc beberus yang mempunyai 4-kutub, 12- slot dengan dua bahagian lilitan per slot. Show lap-winding diagram for a brushed dc motor having 4-pole, 12-slot with two coil sides per slot. (c) Motor dc beberus di bahagian (b) mempunyai 400 pengalir angker. Permukaan kutub ialah 20cm panjang, garis pusat angker ialah 30cm, dan purata ketumpatan fluks sela udara di atas satu-pic-kutub ialah 0.4T. Kirakan jumlah fluks per pole dan voltan aruhan pada kelajuan 1500rpm. Given that the brushed dc motor in part (b) has 400 armature conductors. The pole shoe is 20cm long, the armature diameter is 30cm, and the average airgap flux density over one-pole-pitch is 0.4T. Calculate the flux per pole and the induced voltage at 1500rpm. (d) Dari bahagian (c), kirakan tork keluaran dan kuasa keluaran bila mana motor ini menggunakan 25A pada 1500rpm. From part (c), calculate the output torque and power when the motor is drawing 25A at 1500rpm. ooo0ooo