Guides and Charts Several of our most-requested charts and at-a-glance information are conveniently within reach on this pull-out reference sheet ideal for posting near your bench for instant access. BEAD SIZES MOHS HARDNESS mm Actual Scale Examples 3mm 2 Amber: 2 3 4mm 5mm 6mm 3 Pearl: 3 4 Coral: 3 4 Malachite: 3.5 4 8mm 4 Rhodochrosite: 4 10mm 5 Lapis lazuli: 5 6 Turquoise: 5 6 Opal: 5.5 6.5 12mm 6 Moonstone: 6 6.5 Tanzanite: 6.5 7 Peridot: 6.5 7 Zircon: 6.5 7 15mm 18mm 7 Citrine: 7 Amethyst: 7 Tourmaline: 7 7.5 Garnet: 7 7.5 Emerald: 7.5 8 8 Topaz: 8 Alexandrite: 8 9 20mm 9 Ruby: 9 Sapphire: 9 10 Diamond: 10
STEAM OR ULTRASONICALLY CLEAN?* Gemstones Toughness Steam Ultrasonic Alexandrite excellent usually usually Amber poor never never Amethyst good risky usually Aquamarine good usually usually Citrine good risky usually Coral fair risky risky Diamond excellent usually usually Emerald poor never never Garnet fair never usually Iolite fair risky risky Lapis lazuli fair never risky Opal fair never never Pearl good never never Peridot fair never risky Ruby excellent usually usually Sapphire excellent usually usually Spinel good usually usually Tanzanite fair never never Topaz poor never never Tourmaline fair risky risky Turquoise fair never never Zircon fair risky risky *These are the results of our in-house testing and should be used as a guideline only. DETERMINE METAL FOR WAX TREES Procedure Step 1: Weigh your wax models along with main and gate sprues. Then add an additional 10% to account for your button. Step 2: Multiply the total wax weight by the specific gravity of the metal you re casting (see table at right for a general guideline). Example: For a 5-gram wax model, add 0.5 (10% of 5g) to get a total wax weight of 5.5g. If you are casting 14K yellow gold, multiply 5.5g x 13.07 (s.g. for 14KY). The amount of 14-karat yellow gold needed for this tree is 71.89 grams. Specific Gravities 24K yellow gold 19.32 18K yellow gold 15.58 14K yellow gold 13.07 10K yellow gold 11.57 Fine silver 10.49 Sterling silver 10.36 Argentium Silver 935/960 10.30 Platinum 21.54 Caster s brass chunks 8.40 Caster s white bronze chunks 8.10 Ancient bronze 8.80 Yellow bronze 8.40 Manganese bronze 8.30 Nickel silver 8.80 Alpaca 8.60
B&S (ga.) GAUGE SIZES & DRILL SIZE EQUIVALENTS mm Inch Drill size 2 6.52 0.257 3 5.81 0.229 1 4 5.18 0.204 6 5 4.62 0.182 14 6 4.11 0.162 20 7 3.66 0.144 27 8 3.25 0.128 30 9 2.90 0.114 32 10 2.59 0.102 38 11 2.31 0.091 43 12 2.06 0.081 46 13 1.85 0.073 49 14 1.63 0.064 52 15 1.45 0.057 54 16 1.30 0.051 55 17 1.14 0.045 56 18 1.02 0.040 60 19 0.91 0.036 64 20 0.81 0.032 67 21 0.71 0.028 70 22 0.64 0.025 72 23 0.56 0.022 74 24 0.51 0.020 76 25 0.46 0.018 77 26 0.41 0.016 78 27 0.36 0.014 80 28 0.30 0.012 29 0.28 0.011 30 0.25 0.010 MEASUREMENT CONVERSION TABLE To convert from... to... multiply by Avoirdupois ounces (oz.) pennyweights 18.229 grams 28.350 troy ounces 0.911 Carats (ct.) grams 0.200 Pennyweights (dwt.) grams 1.555 troy ounces 0.050 avoirdupois ounces 0.055 Feet (ft.) meters 0.305 Grams (g) pennyweights 0.643 troy ounces 0.032 avoirdupois ounces 0.035 carats 5.000 Inches (in.) millimeters 25.400 Meters (M) feet 3.281 Millimeters (mm) inches 0.039 Troy ounces (ozt.) pennyweights 20.000 grams 31.104 avoirdupois ounces 1.097
MEASURING A RING BLANK To get a proper ring fi t, you must compensate for the thickness of the ring band when measuring the blank. Forcing the outside ends of the blank together for oldering compresses the inside circumference, making the ring smaller. Outside Circumference Median Line To correct for this, multiply 3.14 by the thickness of the blank/metal. Next, take that total and add it to the inside circumference for your desired ring size. This Inside Circumference will give you the correct length of metal to cut. (If the ring band will be wider than 4mm, add an extra 0.5mm to the fi nal total.) Example: Your metal is 16g, desired ring size is an 8, band width is 3mm. Multiply 3.14 x 1.29mm (16g) = 4.05mm 4.05mm + 56.6mm (size 8) = 60.65mm (the length you need to cut) TEMPERATURE CONVERSIONS Conversion Celsius (centigrade) to Fahrenheit Fahrenheit to Celsius (centigrade) Formula ( C x 1.8) + 32 = F ( F 32) x 0.555 = C SAW BLADE SPECIFICATIONS Blade Size Blade Thickness Blade Depth Teeth per inch Use on (B&S gauge) Use Drill # 8/0 7/0 6/0 5/0 4/0 3/0 2/0 1/0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8.0063".0067".0070".0080".0086".0095".0103".0110".0120".0134".0140".0150".0158".0173".0189".0197".0126".0130".0140".0157".0175".0190".0204".0220".0240".0276".0290".0307".0331".0370".0400".0440" 89.0 84.0 76.0 71.0 66.0 61.0 56.0 53.5 51.0 43.0 40.5 38.0 35.5 33.0 30.5 28.0 up to 26 24-26 24 22-24 22 22 20-22 18-22 18-20 16-18 16-18 16-18 16 14 12 12 80 80 79 78 77 76 75 73 71 70 68 67 65 58 57 55 drill size Refer to the chart above to help you determine the best drill size to create an insert point in your workpiece based on the blade size you re using. blade depth
RING SIZING & COMPARISON CHART Sizes Inside Diameter Inside Circumference United States, Canada inch mm inch mm 0 0.458 11.63 1.44 36.5 ¼ 0.466 11.84 1.46 37.2 ½ 0.474 12.04 1.49 37.8 ¾ 0.482 12.24 1.51 38.5 1 0.49 12.45 1.54 39.1 1¼ 0.498 12.65 1.56 39.7 1½ 0.506 12.85 1.59 40.4 1¾ 0.514 13.06 1.61 41 2 0.522 13.26 1.64 41.7 2¼ 0.53 13.46 1.67 42.3 2½ 0.538 13.67 1.69 42.9 2¾ 0.546 13.87 1.72 43.6 3 0.554 14.07 1.74 44.2 3¼ 0.562 14.27 1.77 44.8 3½ 0.57 14.48 1.79 45.5 3¾ 0.578 14.68 1.82 46.1 4 0.586 14.88 1.84 46.8 4¼ 0.594 15.09 1.87 47.4 4½ 0.602 15.29 1.89 48 4¾ 0.61 15.49 1.92 48.7 5 0.618 15.7 1.94 49.3 5¼ 0.626 15.9 1.97 50 5½ 0.634 16.1 1.99 50.6 5¾ 0.642 16.31 2.02 51.2 6 0.65 16.51 2.04 51.9 6¼ 0.658 16.71 2.07 52.5 6½ 0.666 16.92 2.09 53.1 6¾ 0.674 17.12 2.12 53.8 7 0.682 17.32 2.14 54.4 7¼ 0.69 17.53 2.17 55.1 7½ 0.698 17.73 2.19 55.7 7¾ 0.706 17.93 2.22 56.3 8 0.714 18.14 2.24 57 8¼ 0.722 18.34 2.27 57.6 8½ 0.73 18.54 2.29 58.3 8¾ 0.738 18.75 2.32 58.9 9 0.746 18.95 2.34 59.5 9¼ 0.754 19.15 2.37 60.2 9½ 0.762 19.35 2.39 60.8 9¾ 0.77 19.56 2.42 61.4 10 0.778 19.76 2.44 62.1 10¼ 0.786 19.96 2.47 62.7 10½ 0.794 20.17 2.49 63.4 10¾ 0.802 20.37 2.52 64 11 0.81 20.57 2.54 64.6 11¼ 0.818 20.78 2.57 65.3 11½ 0.826 20.98 2.59 65.9 11¾ 0.834 21.18 2.62 66.6 12 0.842 21.39 2.65 67.2 12¼ 0.85 21.59 2.67 67.8 12½ 0.858 21.79 2.7 68.5 12¾ 0.866 22 2.72 69.1 13 0.874 22.2 2.75 69.7 13¼ 0.882 22.4 2.77 70.4 13½ 0.89 22.61 2.8 71 13¾ 0.898 22.81 2.82 71.7 14 0.906 23.01 2.85 72.3 14¼ 0.914 23.22 2.87 72.9 14½ 0.922 23.42 2.9 73.6 14¾ 0.93 23.62 2.92 74.2 15 0.938 23.83 2.95 74.8 15¼ 0.946 24.03 2.97 75.5 15½ 0.954 24.23 3 76.1 15¾ 0.962 24.43 3.02 76.8 16 0.97 24.64 3.05 77.4
SELECTING SILVER SOLDER Solder Flow Points Use for Extra-hard 1,490 F/810 C Laser welding, repair operations Hard Medium Easy Extra-easy 1,450 F/788 C 1,360 F/738 C 1,325 F/719 C 1,207 F/653 C First soldering operations General soldering; intermediate operations General soldering and repairs; intermediate or final operations Final soldering