Management of Recreation and Nature Based Tourism in European Forests

Management of Recreation and Nature Based Tourism in European Forests

Ulrike Pröbstl Veronika Wirth Birgit Elands Simon Bell Editors Management of Recreation and Nature Based Tourism in European Forests 123

Editors Dr. Ulrike Pröbstl University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Institute of Landscape Development Recreation and Conservation Planning Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82 1190 Vienna Austria ulrike.proebstl@boku.ac.at Dr. Birgit Elands Wageningen University & Research Centre Forest & Nature Conservation Policy Group Droevendaalsesteeg 3 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands birgit.elands@wur.nl Veronika Wirth University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Institute of Landscape Development Recreation and Conservation Planning Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82 1190 Vienna Austria veronika.wirth@boku.ac.at Dr. Simon Bell Edinburgh College of Art OPENspace Research Centre Lauriston Place Edinburgh EH3 9DF UK s.bell@eca.ac.uk ISBN 978-3-642-03144-1 e-isbn 978-3-642-03145-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03145-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009939416 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover illustration: Jari Kostet (Metsähallitus) Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Cost COST the acronym for European Cooperation in Science and Technology is the oldest and widest European intergovernmental network for cooperation in research. Established by the Ministerial Conference in November 1971, COST is presently used by the scientific communities of 35 European countries to cooperate in common research projects supported by national funds. The funds provided by COST less than 1% of the total value of the projects support the COST cooperation networks (COST Actions) through which, with EUR 30 million per year, more than 30,000 European scientists are involved in research having a total value which exceeds EUR 2 billion per year. This is the financial worth of the European added value which COST achieves. A bottom up approach (the initiative of launching a COST Action comes from the European scientists themselves), à la carte participation (only countries interested in the Action participate), equality of access (participation is open also to the scientific communities of countries not belonging to the European Union) and flexible structure (easy implementation and light management of the research initiatives) are the main characteristics of COST. As precursor of advanced multidisciplinary research COST has a very important role for the realisation of the European Research Area (ERA) anticipating and complementing the activities of the Framework Programmes, constituting a bridge towards the scientific communities of emerging countries, increasing the mobility of researchers across Europe and fostering the establishment of Networks of Excellence in many key scientific domains such as: Biomedicine and Molecular Biosciences; Food and Agriculture; Forests, their Products and Services; Materials, Physical and Nanosciences; Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and Technologies; Earth System Science and Environmental Management; Information and Communication Technologies; Transport and Urban Development; Individuals, Societies, Cultures and Health. It covers basic and more applied research and also addresses issues of pre-normative nature or of societal importance. Web: http://www.cost.esf.org v

Acknowledgements This book is the result of a four year collaboration of 40 researchers and practitioners in the field of forest recreation and nature based tourism. The basis for this publication are the shared experiences from participants from 26 European countries collaborating in the working group Recreation Planning and Management within COST Action E33 Forest recreation and nature based tourism. COST Office and the European Science foundation supported our meetings twice a year in different European locations. The editors would like to thank the staff of COST Office at Avenue Louise in Brussels for their facilitation of the meetings and their administrative support. Special thanks go to the successive scientific officers who looked after the Action Arne Been, Günther Siegel and Melae Langbein for their guidance and help. We would also like to thank the team of the publication office at COST for their support with the administrative aspects of the publication. Finally we would like to acknowledge Springer Verlag for their professional guidance during the compilation of the book. The editors of the book would like to express their serious gratitude to all working group members for their enthusiasm, inspiration and also their hard work that made this book possible. The entire four years of COST Action E33 were a gratifying and rewarding experience. Ulrike Pröbstl, Veronika Wirth, Birgit Elands and Simon Bell July 2009 vii

Contents 1 Introduction... 1 Ulrike Pröbstl, Veronika Wirth, Birgit Elands, and Simon Bell 2 Atlantic Region... 11 Birgit Elands, Simon Bell, Jan Blok, Vincent Colson, Sherry Curl, Berit C. Kaae, Gudrun Van Langenhove, Art McCormack, William Murphy, Jon Geir Petursson, Søren Præstholm, Pieter Roovers, and Roger Worthington 3 Nordic Region... 49 Odd Inge Vistad, Joel Erkkonen, and Dan Rydberg 4 Central Region... 73 Peter Breman, Bruno Baur, Renate Bürger-Arndt, Tessa Hegetschweiler, Marcel Hunziker, Olivier Picard, Ulrike Pröbstl, and Veronika Wirth 5 Mediterranean Region... 97 George Pattichis, Savvas Kazafaniotis, Maro Kazepi, Athanasios Hatzistathis, Jose Manuel Castro, Goran Rubin, Barbara Mariotti, and Ljiljana Comic 6 Eastern Region... 115 Agata Cieszewska, Dóra Drexler, Péter Kalincsák, Olgirda Belova, and Jan Prochazka 7 Cross-European Comparison... 141 Birgit Elands and Veronika Wirth 8 Good Practice in European Recreation Planning and Management... 175 Berit C. Kaae, Ulrike Pröbstl, Veronika Wirth, Simon Bell, Art McCormack, and Birgit Elands ix

x Contents 9 Lessons Learned, Trends and Strategies for the Future... 287 Ulrike Pröbstl References... 299 Color Plates... 305