UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THEMES IN DOYLE S PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA AND MCCABE S THE BUTCHER BOY THROUGH STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL FBMK 2013 23
PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THEMES IN DOYLE S PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA AND MCCABE S THE BUTCHER BOY THROUGH STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA 2013
PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THEMES IN DOYLE S PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA AND MCCABE S THE BUTCHER BOY THROUGH STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS By ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduates Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia in Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts July 2013
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In Memory of Joyce i
Abstract of thesis presented to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia in fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THEMES IN DOYLE S PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA AND MCCABE S THE BUTCHER BOY THROUGH STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS Chairman: Faculty: Encik Rohimmi Noor By ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL July 2013 Modern Languages and Communication Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique commonly seen as a product of modernism. It is a literary technique characterized by introspection, self-awareness and openness to the unconsciousness. The technique is a way of representing the whole mind of an individual, not just conscious thought. It is based on the psychological theory that human minds are made of many layers of awareness. The present study examines the various definitions of stream of consciousness technique as it is employed in Roddy Doyle s Paddy Clarke HA HA HA and Patrick McCabe s The Butcher Boy. Doyle and McCabe are prominent contemporary Irish writers, who seem to have a penchant for the technique of stream of consciousness in the style of Joyce and Woolf. Investigating stream of consciousness as a viable technique is another concern in the study in depicting the psyche and behaviour of the main characters Paddy Clarke in Paddy Clarke HA HA HA and Francie Brady in The Butcher Boy. This research also analyses the thematic issues and other literary ii
devices that denotes the use of stream of consciousness which shows how the writers deal with the use of stream of consciousness in their writing. As the result of the study, thematic issues in the texts are found such as familial and societal issues, and development of the characters in relation to stream of consciousness. Literary devices such as shifting ideas, musicality, comic scenes, symbols, five senses and narration style are used to enhance the technique of stream of consciousness. iii
Abstrak yang dikemukakan kepada Senat Universiti Putra Malaysia sebagai memenuhi keperluan untuk Ijazah Master Sastera Pengerusi: Fakulti: KAJIAN PSIKOLOGIKAL TEMA PENGGUNAAN ALIRAN KESEDARAN DALAM DOYLE YANG BERTAJUK PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA DAN MCCABE THE BUTCHER BOY Encik Rohimmi Noor Oleh ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL Julai 2013 Bahasa Moden Dan Komunikasi Aliran kesedaran adalah satu teknik naratif yang biasa dilihat sebagai satu produk modernisme. Ia adalah teknik sastera yang dikategorikan oleh penilaian jiwa, kesedaran diri, dan keterbukaan kepada ketidaksedaran. Teknik ini adalah salah satu cara yang mewakili keseluruhan minda individu dan bukan hanya sekadar pemikiran sedar. Ia adalah berdasarkan kepada teori psikologi bahawa minda minda manusia terdiri daripada beberapa lapisan kesedaran. Kajian ini meneliti pelbagai definisi aliran teknik kesedaran yang digunakan dalam Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha oleh Roddy Doyle dan The Butcher Boy oleh Patrick McCabe. Doyle and McCabe adalah penulis terkenal kontemporari Ireland yang mempunyai kecenderungan menggunakan teknik aliran kesedaran dalam gaya Joyce dan Woolf. Mengkaji aliran kesedaran sebagai salah satu teknik yang praktikal juga menjadi keutamaan dalam menggambarkan jiwa dan tingkah laku watak-watak utama Paddy Clarke dalam Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha dan Francie Brady dalam The Butcher Boy. Kajian ini juga menganalisis isu-isu bertema dan peranti sastera lain yang menandakan iv
penggunaan aliran kesedaran yang mana ia juga menunjukkan bagaimana penulispenulis menggunakan teknik aliran kesedaran dalam penulisan mereka. Hasil daripada kajian ini mendapati isu-isu bertema dalam teks yang ditemui adalah seperti isu-isu kekeluargaan dan masyarakat serta perkembangan watak-watak yang berkaitan dengan aliran kesedaran. Perantis sastera seperti peralihan idea, muzikal, adegan-adegan komedi, simbol, lima deria dan gaya naratif adalah beberapa cara dalam menggambarkan teknik. v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my dear supervisors, Encik Rohimmi Noor and Associate Professor Dr. Rosli Talif, whose constant guidance and stimulating encouragement were of immeasurable value to my work. I am also grateful to all the lecturers in the department of English and the library staff in Universiti Putra Malaysia. My special thanks and appreciation to my parents for their patience and care during the journey of my study. Thanks go to my close friend and brother Abdulhameed Abdullah Majeed to whom I am particularly indebted. vi
I certify that a Thesis Examination Committee has met on (2 nd April 2013) to conduct the final examination of Zanyar Kareem Abdul on his thesis entitled A Psychological Study of the Themes in Doyle s Paddy Clarke HA HA HA and McCabe s The Butcher Boy through Stream of Consciousness in accordance with the Universities and University College Act 1971 and the Constitution of the Universiti Putra Malaysia [P.U.(A) 106] 15 March 1998. The committee recommends that the student be awarded the master degree. Members of the Thesis Examination Committee were as follows: Yap Ngee Thai, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication Universiti Putra Malaysia (Chairman) Wan Roselezam Wan Yahya, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Arbaayah Ali Termizi, PhD Senior Lecturer Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication Universiti Putra Malaysia (Internal Examiner) Shakila Abdul Manan, PhD Associate Professor School of Humanities Universiti Sains Malaysia (External Examiner) NORITAH OMAR, PhD Assoc. Professor and Deputy Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date: 2 August 2013 vii
This thesis was submitted to the Senate of Universiti Putra Malaysia and has been accepted as fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. The members of the Supervisory Committee were as follows: Rohimmi Noor Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication Universiti Putra Malaysia (Chairman) Rosli Talif, PhD Associate Professor Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication Universiti Putra Malaysia (Member) BUJANG BIN KIM HUAT, PhD Professor and Dean School of Graduate Studies Universiti Putra Malaysia Date: viii
DECLARATION I hereby declare that the thesis is my own original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously, and is not concurrently, submitted for any other degree at Universiti Putra Malaysia or at any other institutions. DEDICATION ABSTRACT ABSTRAK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS APPROVAL DECLARATION LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS ZANYAR KAREEM ABDUL Date: 2 April 2013 Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background of study 1 1.2 Statement of problem 3 1.3 Purpose of the study 4 I Ii Iv Vi Vii Ix Xii Xiii ix
1.4 Methodology 6 1.5 Scope and the limitations of the study 7 1.6 Significance of the study 9 1.7 Definitions of terms 10 1.8 Organisation of the thesis 12 Summary 12 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Point of view (POV) narrative mode 15 2.3 Definitions of stream of consciousness (SOC) 19 2.4 Issues of terminology 27 2.5 Stream of consciousness in earlier literature 31 2.6 Psychological background 32 2.7 Main representatives of stream of consciousness 41 2.8 Review of past studies of the texts 46 Summary 48 3 THE USE OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN RODDY DOYLE S PADDY CLARKE HA HA HA 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 Thematic issues 53 3.2.1 Parental relationship effect 54 3.2.2 Development and maturity 61 3.3 Other literary devices 64 3.3.1 Shifting ideas 64 3.3.2 Musicality 67 3.3.3 Comic Scenes 70 3.3.4 Symbols 73 3.3.5 Five Senses 77 Summary 80 50 4 PATRICK MCCABE S STYLE OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE BUTCHER BOY 82 x
4.1 Introduction 82 4.2 Thematic issues 85 4.2.1 Obsession 85 4.2.2 Familial and societal issues 90 4.2.3 Madness, trauma and conduct disorder 93 4.3 Literary devices 99 4.3.1 Narration in the text 99 4.3.2 Use of punctuation 101 Summary 104 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 106 5.1 Introduction 106 5.2 Recommendations for further studies 110 WORKS CITED 112 BIODATA OF STUDENT 117 PUBLICATIONS 118 xi