Radio 2016 Practical Considerations, Future Expectations Future Expectations David H. Layer Senior Director, Advanced Engineering National Association of Broadcasters Washington, DC March 2016 FM band in Washington, DC 23 stations 18 digital (78%) 46 audio programs 88 MHz DIGITAL ANALOG 108 MHz 20 MHz wide 2 1
Radio in 2015 FM digital radio is increasingly relevant AM radio is challenged on all fronts Hybrid radio usage and availability is growing Audio streaming is popular but not profitable Mobile broadband is reaching into the automobile, more competition for radio 3 Today s presentation Background on myself, NAB, IEEE BTS Digital radio Hybrid radio 4 2
National Association of Broadcasters Largest U.S. trade association for free over-the-air broadcasters Departments include: Conventions Communications Radio, TV membership Legal Government relations Technology April 16-21, 2016 September 21 23, 2016 5 National Association of Broadcasters www.nab.org 6 3
7 8 4
9 NAB Technology department CTO, 7 full-time engineers, support staff of 6 Provide technical support to other NAB departments Technical programs at NAB events Current activities: PILOT (formerly NAB Labs) ATSC 3.0 development FM chips in smartphones EAS 10 5
PILOT www.nabpilot.org 11 About me Senior director, advanced engineering With NAB since August 1995 Previously with COMSAT Laboratories, worked on digital communications hardware Current areas of focus: Radio regulatory issues (LPFM, AM revitalization) Manage radio technology committees (NABRTC, NRSC) Manage NAB Labs technology projects dlayer@nab.org 12 6
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society One of the technical societies & councils you can join as an IEEE member 16 chapters Approx. 2000 members BTS Distinguished Lecturer (DL) program funded today s talk bts.ieee.org 13 IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Producer of two technical symposia: IEEE Broadcast Symposium IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB) (Summer event) 14 7
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Produce technical content for NAB Show and IBC 15 IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Two publications: IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting IEEE Broadcast Technology 16 8
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society Awards programs including: Scott Helt award best transactions paper Matti Siukola award best Broadcast Symposium paper Jules Cohen Outstanding Engineering Achievement award Join the BTS! Talk to us about the benefits of membership Use Promotion Code: CMRBT240 17 Broadcasting in the U.S. 30% Broadcast station totals December 31, 2015 Newest service LPFM FM translators are in great demand Multicast rebroadcasting AM stations can now use SOURCE: FCC 18 9
How do broadcasters go digital? Two options: New (radio) spectrum allocations SDARS (XM, Sirius) Terrestrial (DAB/DAB+, ISDB-T for radio) Existing spectrum allocations IBRC (in-band/replacement channel) ATSC DTV, DRM, ISDB-T for TV IBOC (in-band/on-channel) HD Radio 19 Genesis of digital radio 1988 first demonstration of digital radio World Radio Conference, Geneva Eureka-147 new-band system (E-147) Called DAB digital audio broadcasting DAB is trademark of E-147 1990 DAB demonstrated in Canada 1991 DAB demonstrated at NAB Show, Las Vegas (April) NAB Radio Show, San Francisco (September) 20 10
Eureka-147 DAB New-band system does not fit in existing AM or FM bands 1,500 khz wide vs. 200 khz (FM), 20 khz (AM) Designed for L-band, high VHF bands Multicasting - five or more AM, FM signals per single DAB signal (3x more with DAB+) Supports single frequency networks (SFNs) desirable for government broadcasters Practical due to guard interval 21 Single frequency network Traditional approach - a single big stick which covers entire listening area 22 11
Single frequency network SFN replaces (augments) big stick with multiple transmitters on same frequency 23 Digital radio in the U.S. HD Radio hybrid in-band/on-channel (IBOC) digital radio technology is used in North America Trademark of DTS, Inc. (formerly ibiquity Digital Corporation) Developed in 1990s, authorized by FCC in 2002 FM band system adopted in US, Mexico, being tested in Canada AM band system used in US but not very popular 24 12
Hybrid digital FM signal About 2000 stations using hybrid FM FCC FM MASK SIGNAL STRENGTH ANALOG FM SIGNAL OFDM SUBCARRIERS (LSB) OFDM SUBCARRIERS (USB) -200-100 Channel +100 center frequency +200 f, khz 25 Analog AM signal Analog AM: Plagued by high levels of noise and interference No data capability, not even song title and artist FCC AM MASK (-20 khz) (-10 khz) dbc -20-15 -10-5 5 10 15 20 f, khz Channel center frequency (+10 khz) ANALOG AM SIGNAL (+20 khz) 26 13
Hybrid AM signal 345 stations licensed for hybrid AM 227 on-air (October 2015) FCC AM MASK (-20 khz) TERTIARY (-10 khz) dbc (+10 khz) ANALOG AM SIGNAL (+20 khz) OFDM SUBCARRIERS SECONDARY PRIMARY -20-15 -10-5 5 10 15 20 f, khz Channel center frequency 27 All-digital AM Requires experimental authority Not receivable on analog AM radios IS receivable on existing HD Radio receivers FCC AM MASK (-20 khz) SECONDARY TERTIARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS (-10 khz) dbc -20-15 -10-5 5 10 15 20 f, khz Channel center frequency (+10 khz) PRIMARY OFDM CARRIERS (+20 khz) SECONDARY OFDM SUBCARRIERS 28 14
HYBRID EXTENDED HYBRID FM hybrid IBOC system up to 144 kbps Can be configured in many different ways BASIC SERVICE MULTICAST MAIN CHANNEL AUDIO MAIN CHAN HD-2 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 MAIN CHANNEL AUDIO HD-2 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 HD-4 HD-5 MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 HD-3 MULTICAST WITH DATA MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1 MAIN CHAN HD-2 HD-3 DATA 1 MAIN CHAN HD-2 DATA 1 DATA 2 0 24 48 72 96 120 144 kbps 29 Artist Experience Images and program associated data transmitted as data over the HD Radio signal Station Logos / Album Art / Advertiser Images SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 30 15
Listener experience SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 31 Listener experience SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 32 16
Over 2,300 stations (AM & FM) Covering 90% of the US population 74% of listening on stations that have upgraded Almost 1,700 new HD2, HD3 and HD4 digital channels SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 33 HD Radio stations in Mexico 30% of population can get at least one digital signal No. City Stations Population (millions) 1 Distrito Federal 13 21.2 3 Monterrey 1 4.1 6 Tijuana 3 1.8 7 Ciudad Juárez 3 1.3 11 San Luis Potosí 1 1.0 13 Mérida 1 0.8 15 Aguascalientes 1 0.7 26 Morelia 1 0.6 27 Xalapa/Veracruz 1 1.5 33 Tuxtla Gutiérrez 1 0.5 43 Nuevo Laredo 2 0.4 Otros 9 1.0 TOTAL 35 34.9 Listeners served: Tijuana Caborca Rosarito Cananea Ciudad Juárez Cd. Acuña Nuevo Laredo Monterrey L. Cárdenas Morelia Salina Cruz 34.9 million Tuxtla Gutiérrez Canada is next! San Luis Potosi Aguascalientes Cd. México Xalapa Mérida Comitán Tapachula August 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 34 17
HD Radio international rollout NORWAY CANADA ROMANIA USA MEXICO PANAMA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PUERTO RICO TRINIDAD and TOBAGO MOLDOVA CHINA PHILIPPINES COLOMBIA BRAZIL Adopted Approved Conditionally Approved Local Partnership Interested Testing October 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 35 Digital radio in the U.S. ibiquity Digital Corporation acquired by DTS in October 2015 DTS is a publicly-traded corporation Interesting combination of patent pools DTS more consumer electronics-focused, ibiquity more automotive market-focused 36 18
Key points: Digital radio in the U.S. Automotive receiver penetration accelerating Artist experience helping radio compete with streaming services NAB focusing on need for broadcasters to provide a CONSISTENT USER EXPERIENCE Mobile broadband, hybrid radio experience is also increasingly important 37 Digital radio in the U.S. Vehicle Brands (Chevy, Ford etc.) Vehicle Models (Malibu, Focus etc.) HD Radio Technology Standard 154 166 198 109 86 67 61 92 76 All major auto brands 36 now 16 21 offer factory installed HD 28 33 36 Radio receivers 2010 on at least 2011 2012 2013 2014 one model August 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 38 19
Digital radio in the U.S. 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 A n n u a l Consumer electronics/auto aftermarket Consumer Electronics / Auto Aftermarket OEM automotive OEM Automotive All Numbers in Millions 2.96 4.94 10.51 17.52 23.13 1 YEAR TO DATE ibiquity sales projections: 1 0every 3 1/2 seconds CY 2010 CY 2011 CY 2012 CY 2013 CY 2014 CY 2015 20,000 per day 45% of new cars sold in 2015 February 2015 SOURCE: DTS, Inc. 24.89 C u m u l a t i v e 25 20 15 10 5 0 39 More HD Radio receivers New HD Radio receiver vendor ibiquity s house brand 7 models www.sparcradio.com 40 20
4/6/2016 More HD Radio receivers 41 Digital radio in the U.S. Consistent user experience is vital This requires an investment by broadcasters Need to integrate automation systems with tools like TagStation SPOTIFY PANDORA HD RADIO NEXTRADIO 42 21
HYBRID RADIO 95 Hybrid radio Hybrid radio promises to revolutionize the consumer radio experience Smartphone hybrid radio experience is here NOW, automotive hybrid experience is COMING 96 48
Hybrid radio Hybrid radio gives listeners an alternative to streaming audio services like Pandora Hybrid radio levels the playing field, puts FM on the smartphone! No data charge for audio Hybrid radio gives broadcasters an alternative to streaming their audio channels Streaming audio channels is costly and costs scale with # of listeners Every listener using hybrid radio is a listener that would be (but is not!) using streaming audio 97 Hybrid radio A hybrid radio is a radio device (AM or FM) also connected to the Internet Not to be confused with hybrid IBOC Hybrid radio devices offers similar functionality to digital radio at lower cost no multicasting 98 49
How does hybrid radio work? Radio signal delivers audio and (possibly) limited data service Connected device downloads Internet content based upon information contained in radio signal Tuned frequency RDS information HD Radio data information NO STREAMING FEES! 99 How does hybrid radio work? What kind of Internet content? Program associated data Album Art Station guide Program guide Enhanced advertisements Social networking opportunities Service following (streaming audio) 100 50
How does hybrid radio work? For hybrid radio to work, need: Connected device Hybrid radio app on the connected device Broadcast-related content to support the app and provide the Internet content Best example: NextRadio 101 NextRadio Basic FM tuner Station logo service or RadioDNS Representation in NextRadio guides Full TagStation or RadioDNS - now playing 102 51
NextRadio 103 NextRadio Hybrid radio initiative led by Emmis Communications Cellular carrier partners Sprint, AT&T, T-Mobile Industrywide effort addressing challenges of: Enhanced content Getting FM radio in smart phones 104 52
FM chips in smartphones 53.5 million in the last 3 years! http://www.nablabs.org/projects/fm radio in smartphones.asp 105 FM chips in smartphones 106 53
FM chips in smartphones 107 FM chips in smartphones 108 54
109 NextRadio app generates a call to action when installed on phones where FM chip is not activated FM chips in smartphones http://freeradioonmyphone.org/ 110 55
SOURCE: NEXTRADIO 111 FM chips in smartphones Use smartphone teardown reports to assess capabilities Example Sony XperialZ3 112 56
Broadcom BCM 4339 connectivity chip includes Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and FM receiver 113 Connectivity chip 114 57
Connectivity chip 0.25 115 116 58
Broadcom BCM4330 Single-band 2.4 GHz 802.11 b/g/n or dual-band 2.4 GHz and 5Ghz 802.11 a/b/g/n FM receiver and transmitter Bluetooth core spec. version 4.0 + HS compliant Full WAPI software and hardware support Integrated ARM Cortex-M3 proc., memory SmartAudio technology that dramatically improves voice quality in Bluetooth headsets 117 Broadcom BCM4330 118 59
Biggest challenges Getting radios into smartphones Getting broadcasters to support consistent user experience 127 Digital radio What is digital radio to me? Job security Engineering at its best The future of radio Thank you for listening! Discussion 128 64