A survey of Indian companies' investments and operations in the United States
Copyright (2017) Confederation of Indian Industry (CII). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in, or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), in part or full in any manner whatsoever, or translated into any language, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. CII has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information and material presented in this document. Nonetheless, all information, estimates and opinions contained in this publication are subject to change without notice, and do not constitute professional advice in any manner. Neither CII nor any of its office bearers or analysts or employees accept or assume any responsibility or liability in respect of the information provided herein. However, any discrepancy, error, etc. found in this publication may please be brought to the notice of CII for appropriate correction. Published by Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), The Mantosh Sondhi Centre, 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110003, India, Tel: +91-11-24629994-7, Fax: +91-11-24626149, Email: info@cii.in, Web: www.cii.in
Content 03 Introduction 05 Survey Overview 11 Survey Results: Top 25 states with largest Indian investment 12 New York 13 New Jersey 14 Massachusetts 15 California 16 Wyoming 17 Texas 18 Kentucky 19 Arkansas 20 Georgia 21 Illinois 22 Pennsylvania 23 Michigan 24 Missouri 25 Tennessee 26 Ohio 27 North Carolina 28 Louisiana 29 Virginia 30 Washington 31 Oregon 32 Minnesota 33 Indiana 34 West Virginia 35 Maryland 36 Florida
Introduction The bilateral partnership between the United States and India has been transformed in the past two decades starting with the visit of President Bill Clinton in 2000, continuing through the Republican administration of George W. Bush, and solidifying under President Barack Obama we expect this trend to continue under the Trump administration as well. As administrations have changed, India and the U.S. have continued to enjoy a strong, warm, and friendly relationship founded on shared values that include a commitment to democratic institutions, peace and prosperity, a robust and expanding economic cooperation agenda, and close people-to-people ties represented by 3.5 million Indian Americans. Since economic liberalization began in India in the early 1990s, the belief in individual agency that equality of opportunity can help people get ahead in life has gained a firm foothold in India, the way it has for millions of Americans. The United States has emerged as a natural partner in helping India achieve its developmental goals and aspirations. Trade and commerce between the U.S. and India continues to grow: in 2016, the U.S. goods and services trade with India totaled an estimated $114.8 billion. India is currently the U.S.' 9th largest goods trading partner, and two-way goods trade stood at $67.7 billion in 2016. The ongoing success of Indian companies is why India remains in the top ten fastest-growing sources of FDI in the U.S. Indian companies are funding community workforce skills training throughout the nation, and popular CSR programs include STEM training for students and U.S. veterans. They have also invested heavily in R&D and innovation across a wide spectrum of sectors, enhancing the competitiveness of 1 the U.S. economy, and fueling innovation. This report is CII s effort to shine a light on the relatively unknown story of Indian Foreign Direct Investment into the United States and the ways in which it is transforming the bilateral partnership in positive ways. 1 Statistics from The Office of the United States Trade Representative, India (updated March 22, 2017) https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/south-central-asia/india and SelectUSA, Foreign Direct Investment: India https://www.selectusa.gov/servlet/servlet.filedownload?file=015t0000000lkmv 03
Survey Overview Every two years, the Confederation of Indian Industry surveys Indian companies with investments and operations across a wide spectrum of sectors in the U.S. The data reflects the reach and spread of Indian FDI across all 50 U.S. states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico, and shows the significant impact that Indian companies investments have on the U.S. economy. The following survey report is based on responses from 100 Indian companies and pertains to tangible foreign direct investment (FDI), job creation numbers, corporate social responsibility (CSR) and research and development (R&D) activities, and also provides a peek into future investment plans within the U.S. The state-by-state breakout featured in this edition illustrates both a positive trajectory of investments and job creation, as well as the expanding geographic sprawl and impact of Indian companies on the U.S. economy. This fifth edition of the Indian Roots, American Soil survey report indicates that Indian companies are not only adding value to the U.S. economy, they are investing in its people as well. Indian companies in the United States: Presence The top five states with the highest concentration of companies surveyed are New Jersey, Texas, California, New York, and Pennsylvania. However, Indian companies have an operational presence (i.e. physical investments, as well as leased spaces) in all 50 states, as well as in Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico. 23 states were found to have 10 or more Indian companies present. RESULTS HIGHLIGHTS 100 companies in the United States responded to the survey Total Investment > $17.9 billion Total Employees > 113,423 Total Research & Development Expenditure > $588 million Total Corporate Social Responsibility Programs Expenditure >$147 million Indian companies are spread across 50 states, as well as Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico with tangible investments in 40 states Top 5 states: Beneficiaries of the highest Indian FDI STATE New York New Jersey Massachusetts California Wyoming INVESTMENT *Numbers have been rounded to nearest million $1.570 billion $1.567 billion $931 million $542 million $435 million Top 5 states: With the highest number of jobs STATE New Jersey 8,570 Texas 7,270 California 6,750 TOTAL EMPLOYEES New York 5,140 Georgia 4,550 * Numbers have been rounded to nearest ten 05
Over 15 companies Between 5-15 companies Less than 5 companies WA OR MT ND VT NH ME NV ID WY SD NE MN IA WI MI PA NY MA RI CT NJ CA UT CO KS MO IL IN KY OH WV DC VA DE MD AZ NM OK AR TN SC NC MS AL GA TX LA AK FL HI PR Figure 1: Indian companies in the United States: Geographical presence 06
Indian companies in the United States: Sector diversification Sector diversification amongst Indian companies persists with the most concentration in sectors such as IT and IT-es; life sciences, pharmaceuticals, and healthcare; manufacturing; energy; food and agriculture; automotive; financial services; design, engineering, and construction; tourism and hospitality; mining and materials; telecommunications; and aerospace and defense. Figure 2: Indian companies in the United States: Sector diversification Information Technology and ITES 28% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 25% and Healthcare Manufacturing 14% Energy 11% Food and Agriculture 5% Automotive 4% Financial services 4% Design, Engineering and Construction 3% Other 2% Tourism and Hospitality 1% Mining, and Materials 1% Telecommunications 1% Aerospace and Defense 1% Indian companies in the United States: Tangible investments The aggregate tangible investment figure across the U.S. of the Indian companies surveyed is in excess of $17.9 billion. These tangible investments are spread across 40 U.S. states and territories. 14 states list investments numbering at $100 million or more. The five states that received the maximum volume of investments from Indian companies are: New York ($1.570 billion), New Jersey ($1.567 billion), Massachusetts ($931 million), California ($542 million), and Wyoming ($435 million). Figure 3: Beneficiaries of the highest investment from Indian companies: Top 5 U.S. states Total volme of investment by Indian companies (billions) $3 $2 $1 $0 New York New Jersey Massachusetts California Wyoming 07
Indian companies in the United States: Employment Generated Collectively, the surveyed Indian companies have generated employment for 113,423 people in the U.S. These are of course direct jobs, and taking into account the multiplier effect, which measures how a given change can cause a larger change in output, these direct jobs are certainly leading to an even greater employment boost in a range of other sectors supporting the industries, as well as jobs created through related ancillary services. The quantum impact of direct jobs is in that sense very significant. The top five states benefitting from employment by Indian companies are New Jersey (8,572 jobs), Texas (7,271 jobs), California (6,749 jobs), New York (5,135 jobs), and Georgia (4,554 jobs). 20 U.S. states and territories have at least 1,000 people directly employed by Indian companies. Figure 4: Beneficiaries of maximum employment from Indian companies: Top 5 U.S. states Total number of jobs created by Indian companies (thousands) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 New Jersey Texas California New York Georgia 0 Indian companies in the United States: Research & Development 57% of the Indian companies surveyed reported conducting research and development (R&D) across the U.S. The total expenditure by Indian companies into R&D and innovation activities in the U.S. amounted to more than $588 million. Based on the trajectory of the knowledge economy in the U.S., and indeed around the globe, and the pace at which technology is changing and shifting, we can expect investments into this area to expand going forward as well this is true for companies across the board and not for any single sector. Figure 5: Do Indian companies conduct R&D in the U.S.? Yes 57% No 37% Unanswered 6% 08
Indian companies in the United States: Corporate Social Responsibility Indian companies in the U.S. are not just investing money and creating jobs: they are actively contributing to the local economies where they operate. The companies surveyed in this report listed over $147 million spent on corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives in the United States. Programming for CSR ranged from initiatives as localized as donating to the community Fire and Rescue service and building homes through Habitat for Humanity, to sponsoring and supporting students in areas as diverse as agricultural science to high end STEM programs at universities and colleges across the U.S. Indian companies also report focusing on skills and technical training programs that are designed to help local students and U.S. veterans develop the competitive skills needed to participate in the knowledge economy investments into the future workforce or in re-skilling also enable Indian companies to continue hiring locally in the U.S. Much of the educational programming funded and supported by Indian companies is also targeted at minority and female students, who have traditionally lacked access to STEM training and career options. Figure 6: Do Indian companies engage in CSR initiatives in the U.S.? Yes 65% No 25% Unanswered 10% Indian companies in the United States: Future plans The U.S. has traditionally ranked among the top five destinations of FDI from India, and according to SelectUSA of the U.S. Department of Commerce, in 2015 (latest data available) Indian investment in the U.S. was the ninth fastest-growing. Expectations that Indian investment will continue to rise is supported by the data in this survey report, wherein 85% of respondents asserted the intention to invest more in the U.S. over the next five years. Figure 7: Do Indian companies plan to make investments in the United States in the next five years? Yes 85% No 7% Not Sure 8% 09
Nearly 87% of the surveyed companies also indicated that in the next five years they plan to expand their local hires, with the states of Texas, New York, New Jersey, California, and Georgia cited as the most promising states for future investments. Figure 8: Do Indian companies plan to hire more employees locally in the United States in the next five years? Yes 87% No 6% Not Sure 7% Conclusion As borne out in the preceding pages, the investment footprint of Indian companies in the United States has continued to grow and expand in substantive ways. Tangible investments and job creation by Indian companies is not only revitalizing and adding dynamism to the local U.S., economy but is also helping to enhance the competitiveness of U.S. companies in the global marketplace. This year s survey report illustrates that Indian roots are growing deeper as increased participation in CSR and R&D activities indicate that Indian companies are not only investing dollars in their adopted communities in terms of brick and mortar facilities, but they are in essence investing in the communities future by supporting long term social, educational, capacity building, and skilling programs. As the U.S.-India partnership grows and flourishes, drawing the two countries closer together in bonds of friendship, we expect that the Indian investment story in the U.S. will continue to be a positive aspect adding ballast to an already strong foundation in bilateral ties. 10
Survey Results Top 25 states with largest Indian investment 11
01 New York NY Indian companies in New York: Sector diversification $1,569,786,086 5,135 Information Technology and ITES 56.00% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 12.00% and Healthcare Energy 8.00% Financial Services 8.00% Manufacturing 8.00% Tourism and Hospitality 4.00% Other 4.00% 25 12
02 New Jersey Indian companies in New Jersey: Sector diversification $1,566,818,611 8,572 38 Information Technology and ITES 42.11% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 31.58% and Healthcare Manufacturing 5.26% Energy 2.63% Telecommunications 2.63% Mining, and Materials 2.63% Financial Services 2.63% Other 2.63% Food and Agriculture 2.63% Design, Engineering 2.63% and Construction Automotive 2.63% 13
03 Massachusetts Indian companies in Massachusetts: Sector diversification $930,584,298 2,318 Information Technology and ITES 68.75% Other 6.25% Manufacturing 6.25% Tourism and Hospitality 6.25% Design, Engineering 6.25% and Construction Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 6.25% and Healthcare : 16 14
04 California Indian companies in California: Sector diversification $542,421,564 6,749 29 Information Technology and ITES 51.72% Food and Agriculture 10.34% Design, Engineering 6.90% and Construction Manufacturing 6.90% Other 6.90% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 6.90% and Healthcare Financial Services 3.45% Tourism and Hospitality 3.45% Telecommunications 3.45% 15
05 Wyoming WV Indian companies in Wyoming: Sector diversification $435,000,000 Mining, and Materials 50.00% Information Technology 50.00% and ITES 534 2 16
06 Texas Indian companies in Texas: Sector diversification $391,999,033 7,271 31 Information Technology and ITES 45.16% Energy 25.81% Other 6.45% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 6.45% and Healthcare Manufacturing 6.45% Financial Services 3.23% Design, Engineering 3.23% and Construction Food and Agriculture 3.23% 17
07 Kentucky Indian companies in Kentucky: Sector diversification $299,362,962 1,641 Information Technology 69.23% and ITES Manufacturing 15.38% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 15.38% and Healthcare 13 18
08 Arkansas Indian companies in Arkansas: Sector diversification $298,850,000 1,091 Information Technology 62.50% and ITES Food and Agriculture 12.50% Other 12.50% Manufacturing 12.50% 8 19
09 Georgia Indian companies in Georgia: Sector diversification $253,048,292 4,554 Information Technology 73.68% and ITES Manufacturing 10.53% Other 5.26% Design, Engineering 5.26% and Construction Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 5.26% and Healthcare 19 20
10 Illinois Indian companies in Illinois: Sector diversification $195,701,669 3,802 Information Technology 63.16% and ITES Other 10.53% Energy 10.53% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 5.26% and Healthcare Design, Engineering 5.26% and Construction Financial Services 5.26% 19 21
11 Pennsylvania Indian companies in Pennsylvania: Sector diversification $170,641,000 1,865 Information Technology 47.83% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 26.09% and Healthcare Other 8.70% Manufacturing 4.35% Food and Agriculture 4.35% Energy 4.35% Automotive 4.35% 23 22
12 Michigan Indian companies in Michigan: Sector diversification $146,769,333 2,098 21 Information Technology 47.62% and ITES Automotive 14.29% Design, Engineering 9.52% and Construction Manufacturing 9.52% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 9.52% and Healthcare Other 4.76% Energy 4.76% Responses may not total 100% due to rounding. 23
13 Missouri Indian companies in Missouri: Sector diversification $139,000,000 989 Information Technology 55.56% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 22.22% and Healthcare Other 11.11% Energy 11.11% 9 24
14 Tennessee Indian companies in Tennessee: Sector diversification $102,656,000 779 Information Technology 54.55% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 18.18% and Healthcare Other 9.09% Food and Agriculture 9.09% Automotive 9.09% Responses may not total 100% due to rounding. 11 25
15 Ohio Indian companies in Ohio: Sector diversification $74,407,203 3,188 Information Technology 64.71% and ITES Manufacturing 23.53% Other 5.88% Design, Engineering 5.88% and Construction 17 26
16 North Carolina Indian companies in North Carolina: Sector diversification $63,572,000 3,992 Information Technology 71.43% and ITES Other 14.29% Design, Engineering 7.14% and Construction Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 7.14% and Healthcare 14 27
17 Louisiana Indian companies in Louisiana: Sector diversification $63,003,282 Information Technology 75.00% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 25.00% and Healthcare 293 8 28
18 Virginia Indian companies in Virginia: Sector diversification $37,883,760 1,868 Information Technology 75.00% and ITES Other 6.25% Telecommunications 6.25% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 6.25% and Healthcare Manufacturing 6.25% 16 29
19 Washington Indian companies in Washington: Sector diversification $37,204,152 3,397 Information Technology 68.75% and ITES Manufacturing 6.25% Energy 6.25% Other 6.25% Design, Engineering 6.25% and Construction Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 6.25% and Healthcare 16 30
20 Oregon Indian companies in Oregon: Sector diversification $25,000,000 558 Information Technology 58.33% and ITES Other 8.33% Food and Agriculture 8.33% Design, Engineering 8.33% and Construction Automotive 8.33% Energy 8.33% 12 31
21 Minnesota Indian companies in Minnesota: Sector diversification $24,142,000 2,297 Information Technology 71.43% and ITES Other 7.14% Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 7.14% and Healthcare Energy 7.14% Aerospace and Defense 7.14% 14 32
22 Indiana Indian companies in Indiana: Sector diversification $21,004,000 1,620 Information Technology 66.67% and ITES Energy 11.11% Other 11.11% Manufacturing 11.11% 9 33
23 West Virginia WV Indian companies in West Virginia: Sector diversification $20,000,000 Information Technology 60.00% and ITES Manufacturing 20.00% Energy 20.00% 186 5 34
24 Maryland Indian companies in Maryland: Sector diversification $14,920,000 803 Information Technology 57.14% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 21.43% and Healthcare Other 7.14% Food and Agriculture 7.14% Design, Engineering 7.14% and Construction 14 35
25 Florida FL Indian companies in Florida: Sector diversification $13,002,881 3,878 Information Technology 55.56% and ITES Life Sciences, Pharmaceuticals 16.67% and Healthcare Other 11.11% Manufacturing 5.56% Aerospace and Defense 5.56% Design, Engineering 5.56% and Construction 18 36
The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works to create and sustain an environment conducive to the development of India, partnering industry, Government, and civil society, through advisory and consultative processes. CII is a non-government, not-for-profit, industry-led and industry-managed organization, playing a proactive role in India's development process. Founded in 1895, India's premier business association has over 8,500 members, from the private as well as public sectors, including SMEs and MNCs, and an indirect membership of over 200,000 enterprises from around 250 national and regional sectoral industry bodies. CII charts change by working closely with Government on policy issues, interfacing with thought leaders, and enhancing efficiency, competitiveness and business opportunities for industry through a range of specialized services and strategic global linkages. It also provides a platform for consensus-building and networking on key issues. Extending its agenda beyond business, CII assists industry to identify and execute corporate citizenship programmes. Partnerships with civil society organizations carry forward corporate initiatives for integrated and inclusive development across diverse domains including affirmative action, healthcare, education, livelihood, diversity management, skill development, empowerment of women, and water, to name a few. The CII theme for 2017-18, India Together: Inclusive. Ahead. Responsible emphasizes Industry's role in partnering Government to accelerate India's growth and development. The focus will be on key enablers such as job creation; skill development and training; affirmative action; women parity; new models of development; sustainability; corporate social responsibility, governance and transparency. With 67 offices, including 9 Centres of Excellence, in India, and 11 overseas offices in Australia, Bahrain, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Iran, Singapore, South Africa, UK, and USA, as well as institutional partnerships with 344 counterpart organizations in 129 countries, CII serves as a reference point for Indian industry and the international business community. Confederation of Indian Industry The Mantosh Sondhi Centre 23, Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi 110 003 (India) T: 91 11 45771000 / 24629994-7 F: 91 11 24626149 E: info@cii.in W: www.cii.in