AutoCAD. Intermediate Volume 1 Autodesk Official Training Courseware (AOTC) A August 2007

AutoCAD 2008 Intermediate Volume 1 Autodesk Official Training Courseware (AOTC) 00128-050008-1720A August 2007

Copyright 2007 Autodesk, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by Autodesk, Inc., this publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose. Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright holder. Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. ACIS Copyright 1989 2001 Spatial Corp. Copyright 1999 2000 The Apache Software Foundation. All rights reserved. This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org) subject to its license terms and conditions (http://xml.apache.org/dist/ LICENSE.txt). Typefaces from the Bitstream typeface library Copyright 1992. HLM Copyright D-Cubed Ltd. 1996 2006. HLM is a trademark of D-Cubed Ltd. AutoCAD 2008 and AutoCAD LT 2008 are produced under a license of data derived from DIC Color Guide from Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. Copyright Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. All rights reserved. DIC and DIC Color Guide are registered trademarks of Dainippon Ink and Chemicals, Inc. Portions of this software are based on the work of the Independent JPEG Group. Active Delivery 2.0 1999 2004 Inner Media, Inc. All rights reserved. ISYS and the ISYS logo are registered trademarks or trademarks of ISYS Search Software Inc. Copyright 1988 1997 Sam Leffler. Copyright 1991 1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. Copyright Lingea s.r.o. 2006. The New Features Workshop contains Macromedia Flash Player software by Macromedia, Inc. Copyright 1995 2005 Macromedia, Inc. All rights reserved. Macromedia and Flash are registered trademarks or trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States or other countries. Copyright 1996 2006 Macrovision Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright 1996 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Copyright 2002 Joseph M. O Leary. PANTONE Colors displayed in the software application or in the user documentation may not match PANTONE-identified standards. Consult current PANTONE Color Publications for accurate color. PANTONE and other Pantone, Inc. trademarks are the property of Pantone, Inc. Pantone, Inc., 2004. Pantone, Inc. is the copyright owner of color data and/or software which are licensed to Autodesk, Inc., to distribute for use only in combination with certain Autodesk software products. PANTONE Color Data and/or Software shall not be copied onto another disk or into memory unless as part of the execution of this Autodesk software product. Typefaces from Payne Loving Trust 1992, 1996. All rights reserved. RAL DESIGN RAL, Sankt Augustin, 2004. RAL CLASSIC RAL, Sankt Augustin, 2004. Representation of the RAL Colors is done with the approval of RAL Deutsches Institut für Gütesicherung und Kennzeichnung e.v. (RAL German Institute for Quality Assurance and Certification, re. Assoc.), D-53757 Sankt Augustin. This product includes code licensed from RSA Security, Inc. Some portions licensed from IBM are available at http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu4j/. The Sentry Spelling-Checker Engine Copyright 1994 2003 Wintertree Software, Inc. Portions of this product include one or more Boost libraries. Use of the Boost libraries is subject to its license agreement http://www.boost.org/license_1_0.txt.

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Contents Volume 1 Introduction..................................................... xv Chapter 1: Drawing Objects....................................... 1 Lesson: Creating and Editing Multilines.................................... 2 Overview............................................................ 2 About Multiline Objects............................................. 3 About Multiline Styles............................................... 4 Multiline Command................................................. 8 Creating Multiline Objects........................................... 9 Editing Multiline Objects............................................ 10 Exercise: Create and Edit Multilines................................. 13 Lesson: Creating Revision Clouds........................................ 17 Overview........................................................... 17 Revision Cloud Command Options.................................. 18 Creating Revision Clouds........................................... 19 Exercise: Create Revision Clouds.................................... 21 Lesson: Creating Wipeout Objects........................................ 24 Overview........................................................... 24 Wipeout Command Options........................................ 25 Creating Wipeout Objects.......................................... 27 Exercise: Create a Wipeout Object.................................. 29 Lesson: Creating Boundaries............................................. 32 Overview........................................................... 32 Boundary Creation Dialog Box...................................... 33 Creating Boundaries................................................ 36 Exercise: Create Boundaries......................................... 38 Lesson: Creating Regions................................................ 41 Overview........................................................... 41 About Regions..................................................... 42 About Boolean Commands......................................... 44 Creating Regions................................................... 46 Exercise: Create Regions............................................ 49 Chapter Summary........................................................ 52 v

Chapter 2: Manipulating Objects and Data........................ 53 Lesson: Selecting Objects with Quick Select.............................. 54 Overview........................................................... 54 Quick Select Command............................................. 55 Using Quick Select.................................................. 57 Exercise: Use Quick Select.......................................... 59 Lesson: Purging Objects................................................. 62 Overview........................................................... 62 About Named Objects.............................................. 63 Purge Command................................................... 64 Purging Drawing Objects........................................... 65 Exercise: Purge Objects from a Drawing............................. 67 Lesson: Working with Point Objects...................................... 69 Overview........................................................... 69 About Point Objects................................................ 70 Creating Points..................................................... 72 Exercise: Create Points............................................. 74 Lesson: Dividing and Measuring Objects................................. 77 Overview........................................................... 77 Dividing Objects.................................................... 78 Measuring Objects................................................. 80 Exercise: Divide and Measure Objects............................... 84 Lesson: Using QuickCalc for Performing Calculations..................... 87 Overview........................................................... 87 QuickCalc Calculator................................................ 88 Performing Calculations by Using QuickCalc......................... 91 Exercise: Use QuickCalc to Adjust Perforated Area................... 96 Chapter Summary...................................................... 100 Chapter 3: Template Drawing Creation.......................... 101 Lesson: Creating Drawing Templates................................... 102 Overview.......................................................... 102 About Drawing Templates......................................... 103 Drawing Template Options........................................ 104 Creating Drawing Templates....................................... 107 Exercise: Create a Drawing Template.............................. 108 Chapter Summary...................................................... 112 Chapter 4: Dimensioning and Annotation........................ 113 Lesson: Introduction to Annotation Scaling............................ 114 Overview.......................................................... 114 About Annotation Scaling......................................... 115 Using Annotation Scaling in a New Drawing........................ 117 Updating Existing Drawings for Annotation Scaling................. 121 Exercise: Use Annotation Scaling.................................. 124 Exercise: Update an Existing Drawing to Use Annotation Scaling.... 127 vi Contents

Lesson: Controlling Annotation Scale................................... 130 Overview......................................................... 130 Annotative Styles................................................. 131 Using Annotative Scale Object Property........................... 134 Using Viewport and Annotation Scales............................ 136 Working with Annotation Scale Representations................... 140 Using Visual Fidelity Control...................................... 144 Exercise: Control Annotation Scaling.............................. 147 Lesson: Working with Text............................................. 151 Overview......................................................... 151 About Text Dashboard............................................ 152 About Paragraph Formatting..................................... 153 Creating Paragraph Formatting................................... 154 Column Text...................................................... 158 About Spell Checking............................................. 161 Creating Multiline Attributes...................................... 164 Exercise: Work with Multiline Text................................ 167 Lesson: Using Multileaders............................................. 171 Overview......................................................... 171 About Multileaders............................................... 172 About Multileader Styles.......................................... 174 Using Multileaders................................................ 176 Exercise: Use Multileaders........................................ 179 Lesson: Dimensioning................................................. 184 Overview......................................................... 184 About Inspection Dimensions..................................... 185 Creating Jogged Linear Dimensions............................... 187 Spacing Dimensions Uniformly.................................... 188 Breaking Dimensions............................................. 190 Dimension Options............................................... 193 Exercise: Create and Edit Dimensions............................. 195 Lesson: Creating Center Marks......................................... 198 Overview......................................................... 198 Center Mark Command........................................... 199 Creating Center Marks............................................ 201 Exercise: Create Center Marks..................................... 203 Lesson: Creating Ordinate Dimensions................................. 205 Overview......................................................... 205 Ordinate Dimension Command................................... 206 Creating Ordinate Dimensions.................................... 208 Exercise: Create Ordinate Dimensions............................. 211 Lesson: Creating Geometric Dimensions and Tolerances................ 215 Overview......................................................... 215 About Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerances................... 216 Creating Tolerances.............................................. 220 Exercise: Add Dimension Tolerances and Feature Control Frames.. 223 Contents vii

Lesson: Working with Dimension Substyles and Overrides.............. 228 Overview.......................................................... 228 About Dimension Substyles and Overrides......................... 229 Creating Dimension Substyles and Style Overrides.................. 233 Exercise: Create Dimension Substyles and Overrides............... 237 Chapter Summary...................................................... 242 Chapter 5: Reusable Content.................................... 243 Lesson: Using DesignCenter........................................... 244 Overview.......................................................... 244 DesignCenter..................................................... 245 Using the DesignCenter........................................... 247 Exercise: Use DesignCenter........................................ 250 Lesson: Creating Custom Tool Palettes................................. 253 Overview.......................................................... 253 About Tool Palettes................................................ 254 Tool Palette Options............................................... 256 About Command Tools............................................ 260 About Content Tools.............................................. 265 Creating Custom Tool Palettes..................................... 267 Exercise: Create a New Tool Palette with Custom Tools............. 269 Lesson: Organizing Tool Palettes....................................... 272 Overview.......................................................... 272 About Tool Palette Groups......................................... 273 Creating and Activating Tool Palette Groups....................... 275 Exercise: Create and Activate a Custom Palette Group.............. 279 Lesson: Sharing Tool Palettes.......................................... 282 Overview.......................................................... 282 Sharing Tool Palettes.............................................. 283 Working with Tool Palette Files on Networks....................... 285 Exercise: Share Tool Palettes....................................... 290 Lesson: Using External References..................................... 292 Overview.......................................................... 292 About External References......................................... 293 External References Palette........................................ 296 Creating Xrefs..................................................... 300 Exercise: Work with Xrefs.......................................... 302 Lesson: Managing External References................................. 306 Overview.......................................................... 306 Advanced Xref Options............................................ 307 Editing Xrefs...................................................... 309 Clipping Xrefs..................................................... 313 Exercise: Edit, Bind, and Clip Xrefs................................. 316 viii Contents

Lesson: Referencing Non-Native File Types............................. 320 Overview......................................................... 320 About Non-Native File Type References........................... 321 Working with DGN Files........................................... 322 Referencing DWF Files............................................ 327 Importing Raster, Word, and Excel Files............................ 328 Exercise: Import a Raster File...................................... 332 Chapter Summary...................................................... 336 Chapter 6: Blocks and Attributes................................. 337 Lesson: Working with Blocks........................................... 338 Overview......................................................... 338 About Blocks..................................................... 339 Creating Blocks................................................... 341 Inserting Blocks................................................... 348 Editing Blocks.................................................... 350 Exercise: Create Blocks........................................... 353 Lesson: Creating Attributes............................................ 363 Overview......................................................... 363 About Attributes................................................. 364 Attribute Definition Dialog Box.................................... 365 Creating and Adding Attributes to Blocks.......................... 369 Exercise: Create Attributes........................................ 373 Lesson: Editing Attributes.............................................. 376 Overview......................................................... 376 Tools for Editing Attributes....................................... 377 Advanced Attribute Properties.................................... 382 Exercise: Edit Attributes.......................................... 383 Chapter Summary...................................................... 386 Volume 2 Chapter 7: Dynamic Blocks........................................ 1 Lesson: Using Dynamic Blocks............................................ 2 Overview............................................................ 2 About Dynamic Blocks............................................... 3 Block Editor Environment............................................ 5 Using the Block Editor............................................... 9 Exercise: Use Dynamic Blocks....................................... 12 Exercise: Use the Block Editor Environment......................... 15 Lesson: Adding Parameters to Dynamic Blocks........................... 17 Overview........................................................... 17 About Parameters.................................................. 18 Adding Parameters................................................. 26 Exercise: Add Parameters to a Dynamic Block....................... 28 Contents ix

Lesson: Adding Actions to Dynamic Blocks............................... 31 Overview........................................................... 31 About Actions...................................................... 32 Associating Actions and Parameters................................. 37 Exercise: Add Actions to a Dynamic Block........................... 40 Lesson: Using Parameter Sets............................................ 43 Overview........................................................... 43 About Parameter Sets.............................................. 44 Using Parameter Sets............................................... 47 Exercise: Use Parameter Sets on Dynamic Blocks.................... 48 Lesson: Creating Dynamic Blocks........................................ 52 Overview........................................................... 52 Exercise: Create a Wall Sink Dynamic Block.......................... 53 Exercise: Create a Dynamic Diverter Valve........................... 58 Exercise: Create a Dynamic Block of a Door.......................... 61 Chapter Summary....................................................... 66 Chapter 8: Layer Management and Best Practices................. 67 Lesson: Working with Layer Filters....................................... 68 Overview........................................................... 68 About Layer Filters................................................. 69 Working with Layer Filters.......................................... 75 Exercise: Create Layer Filters........................................ 77 Lesson: Using the Layer States Manager.................................. 80 Overview........................................................... 80 About Layer States................................................. 81 Layer States Manager............................................... 82 Exercise: Use Layer States.......................................... 85 Lesson: Using Layer Standards........................................... 88 Overview........................................................... 88 About Layer Standards............................................. 89 About Unreconciled Layers......................................... 90 Exercise: Use Layer Standards...................................... 95 Chapter Summary....................................................... 98 Chapter 9: Layouts and Views.................................... 99 Lesson: Creating Layouts.............................................. 100 Overview.......................................................... 100 About Layouts..................................................... 101 Creating Simple Layouts with Default Values....................... 104 Creating Layouts from Templates.................................. 104 Copying an Existing Layout........................................ 106 Creating Layouts Using DesignCenter.............................. 108 Exercise: Create Layouts........................................... 110 x Contents

Lesson: Modifying Layouts and Using Page Setups...................... 113 Overview......................................................... 113 Renaming Layouts................................................ 114 Deleting Layouts................................................. 114 Moving Layouts.................................................. 116 Creating Named Page Setups..................................... 117 Importing Named Page Setups.................................... 121 Exercise: Work with Layouts and Page Setups..................... 123 Lesson: Creating Layout Viewports..................................... 127 Overview......................................................... 127 About Layout Viewports.......................................... 128 Creating Rectangular Layout Viewports........................... 129 Creating Polygonal Layout Viewports............................. 132 Converting Objects to Viewports.................................. 133 Clipping Existing Viewports....................................... 134 Exercise: Create Layout Viewports................................ 136 Lesson: Working with Layout Viewports................................ 141 Overview......................................................... 141 Activation of Layout Viewports.................................... 142 Layout Viewport Properties....................................... 144 Scaling Annotative Objects in Viewports.......................... 145 Locking Layout Viewports........................................ 149 Maximizing a Layout Viewport.................................... 150 Exercise: Work with Viewports.................................... 153 Lesson: Controlling Object Visibility in Layout Viewports................ 159 Overview......................................................... 159 Layer Properties Per Viewport..................................... 160 Freezing and Thawing Layers Per Viewport........................ 161 Overriding Layer Properties in Viewports.......................... 162 Exercise: Control Object Visibility Per Layout Viewport............. 164 Chapter Summary...................................................... 167 Chapter 10: Plotting............................................ 169 Lesson: Working with Plotter Configuration Files....................... 170 Overview......................................................... 170 About Plotter Configuration Files................................. 171 Creating Plotter Configuration Files for System Printers............ 175 Creating Plotter Configuration Files for HDI Driver Devices......... 179 Exercise: Create Plotter Configuration Files........................ 184 Exercise: Configure a Plotter by Using an HDI Driver............... 189 Lesson: Creating and Applying Plot Style Tables........................ 192 Overview......................................................... 192 About Plot Style Tables........................................... 193 Creating Plot Style Tables......................................... 197 Exercise: Create and Apply Plot Style Tables....................... 201 Contents xi

Lesson: Publishing Drawings........................................... 207 Overview.......................................................... 207 About DWF Files................................................... 208 Publish Command................................................. 209 Publishing Drawings............................................... 214 Exercise: Publish Drawings........................................ 217 Chapter Summary...................................................... 221 Chapter 11: Introduction to Sheet Sets........................... 223 Lesson: Creating Sheet Sets............................................ 224 Overview.......................................................... 224 About Sheet Sets.................................................. 225 Creating Sheet Sets................................................ 226 Sheet Set Manager................................................ 231 Exercise: Create a Sheet Set........................................ 236 Lesson: Working with Sheet Sets....................................... 241 Overview.......................................................... 241 Sheet Set Structure................................................ 242 Modifying Sheet Sets.............................................. 243 Exercise: Work with a Sheet Set.................................... 250 Lesson: Setting Sheet Set Properties................................... 255 Overview.......................................................... 255 Sheet Set Properties Dialog Box.................................... 256 Exercise: Edit Sheet Set Properties................................. 259 Lesson: Using Fields in Sheet Sets...................................... 264 Overview.......................................................... 264 About Fields in Sheetsets.......................................... 265 Creating Plot Stamps.............................................. 266 Exercise: Use Fields in a Sheet Set.................................. 270 Lesson: Using Attributes in Sheet Sets.................................. 272 Overview.......................................................... 272 Attributes in Sheet Sets............................................ 273 Adding Sheet Set Fields to Title Blocks............................. 276 Automating Label and Callout Data................................ 281 Exercise: Use Attributes in a Sheet Set............................. 286 Lesson: Publishing, Transmitting, and Archiving Sheet Sets............. 293 Overview.......................................................... 293 Sheet List Tables................................................... 294 Sheet Set Publishing Options...................................... 296 Tools for Creating Drawing Transmittals............................ 298 Tools for Archiving Sheet Sets...................................... 300 Exercise: Publish, Transmit, and Archive Sheet Sets................. 303 Chapter Summary...................................................... 308 xii Contents

Chapter 12: Working with Tables................................ 309 Lesson: Working with Table Styles...................................... 310 Overview......................................................... 310 About Table Styles................................................ 311 Creating Table Styles............................................. 313 Activating and Assigning Table Styles............................. 315 Exercise: Create a Table Style..................................... 317 Lesson: Creating and Editing Tables.................................... 320 Overview......................................................... 320 Creating Tables and Entering Data................................ 321 Editing Table and Cells............................................ 325 Editing Table and Cell Properties.................................. 332 Exercise: Create a Dimension Table............................... 335 Lesson: Creating Advanced Tables..................................... 339 Overview......................................................... 339 Using Formulas in Tables......................................... 340 About Field-Enabled Text......................................... 344 Using Fields in Tables............................................. 345 Using Blocks in Tables............................................ 347 Exercise: Use Advanced Table Contents........................... 349 Lesson: Extracting Attributes to Tables................................. 353 Overview......................................................... 353 Data Extraction Wizard............................................ 354 Creating Data Extraction Tables................................... 360 Exercise: Extract Attributes....................................... 363 Lesson: Exporting and Importing Tables................................ 372 Overview......................................................... 372 Exporting Tables.................................................. 373 Importing Tables................................................. 376 Exercise: Import and Export Tables................................ 380 Lesson: Creating Tables Linked to External Data........................ 383 Overview......................................................... 383 About Tables and External Data Source............................ 384 Creating a Data Link to External Tables............................ 386 Exercise: Use Live Tables.......................................... 391 Chapter Summary...................................................... 394 Chapter 13: Designing in 3D..................................... 395 Lesson: Working with 3D Models....................................... 396 Overview......................................................... 396 About 3D Models................................................. 397 About Navigation and Display of 3D Models....................... 399 Creating a User Coordinate System................................ 401 Orbiting a 3D Model.............................................. 403 Display Modes.................................................... 406 Setting Viewport Display.......................................... 407 Exercise: Work with 3D Models................................... 411 Contents xiii

Lesson: Creating 3D Models from 2D Profiles........................... 414 Overview.......................................................... 414 About 3D Models Created from 2D Profiles......................... 415 Using Planar Surface Command.................................... 417 Using Polysolid Command......................................... 418 Using Extrude Command.......................................... 421 Using Revolve Command.......................................... 423 Exercise: Create 3D Models from 2D Profiles....................... 427 Chapter Summary...................................................... 433 Appendix A: Additional Support and Resources.................. 435 Courseware from Autodesk........................................ 436 Autodesk Services & Support...................................... 438 Autodesk Subscription............................................. 438 Autodesk Consulting.............................................. 438 Autodesk Partners................................................. 439 Autodesk Authorized Training Centers............................. 439 Autodesk Certification............................................. 440 Useful Links....................................................... 440 xiv Contents

Introduction Welcome to the AutoCAD 2008: Intermediate Autodesk Official Training Courseware (AOTC), training courseware for use in Authorized Training Center (ATC ) locations, corporate training settings, and other classroom settings. Although this courseware is designed for instructor-led courses, you can also use it for self-paced learning. The courseware encourages self-learning through the use of the AutoCAD Help system. This courseware is designed for the experienced AutoCAD user who requires additional training. It incorporates the features, commands, and techniques for becoming more productive when creating, annotating, and printing drawings with AutoCAD 2008. This intermediate-level course continues to build on the basic concepts of the AutoCAD 2008 Essentials course. This introduction covers the following topics: Course objectives Prerequisites Using this courseware Default installation CD contents Completing the exercises Installing the exercise data files from the CD Imperial and metric datasets Notes, tips, and warnings Feedback This courseware is complementary to the software documentation. For detailed explanations of features and functionality, refer to the Help in the software. Course Objectives After completing this course, you will be able to: Create and edit multiline styles and multiline objects, create revision clouds using the Revcloud command, use the Wipeout command to mask areas of a drawing, create a region with the Boundary and Region commands and the Boolean commands to edit them. Use Quick Select to select objects in the drawing, Purge to remove unreferenced named objects from the drawing, use point objects to reference geometry for object snaps and relative offsets, use the Divide and Measure commands to place point objects or blocks along an object in a drawing, use QuickCalc for performing calculations in a drawing. xv

Create a drawing template and describe how drawing templates can be used to save time and provide uniformity across drawings. Create and use annotation scales with annotative objects, create leaders using Multileaders, place center marks on your drawings, create ordinate dimensions, apply tolerances to dimensions and create feature control frames for geometric tolerances, create, manage, and compare dimension styles, substyle, and overrides. Use DesignCenter to organize and use objects from existing drawings in your current drawing. Create, organize and share tool palettes to maintain company standards and improve productivity within the organization. Create, use and manage xrefs to establish dynamic links for drawing data from external drawing sources. Learn how to reference non-dwg data in your drawings. Describe, create, use, and edit blocks. Describe the use of attributes and create them using the Attribute Definition command. Edit attributes and use the Attribute Extraction wizard to extract attribute information. Create and use dynamic blocks to increase productivity. Add actions and parameters to dynamic blocks. Create and use custom layer filters to manage layers, set the Layer States Manager to save, restore, export, and import layer states. Design and implement layer standards across an organization. Create new layouts, copy layouts, and import layouts from other files. Modify layouts by renaming, deleting, and moving them. Create and share named page setups, create layout viewports of different shapes using a variety of methods. Scale and lock viewports, turn off model space display in a viewport, and maximize a viewport. Control the display of model space geometry and control annotation scales in layout viewports on a viewport-by-viewport basis. Access and create plotter configuration files, access and create plot style tables, and use the Publish command to publish your design data. Create a new sheet set using both an example sheet set and existing drawings. Restructure, add, remove, renumber and rename elements in the sheet set. Create and edit sheet set properties, add sheet-set specific field functionality to attributes in drawing objects and use the Sheet Set Manager to publish, transmit, and archive sheet sets. Create and use table styles to control the appearance of tables; create and edit tables to included advanced table cell contents such as formulas and field-enabled text; extract attributes in the drawing to create schedules; use DesignCenter and Tool Palettes to reuse tables and table styles across multiple drawings. Create tables dynamically linked to Excel spreadsheets. Navigate around drawings of 3D models using 3D orbit and using views. Create a user coordinate system, identify various display modes, and set the display of viewports. Create basic 3D models from 2D entities. Prerequisites It is recommended that students have a working knowledge of: The current or a previous release of AutoCAD. Creating and editing basic AutoCAD objects, or completion of the AutoCAD 2008: Essentials course. Microsoft Windows 2000 or Microsoft Windows XP. xvi Introduction

Using This Courseware The lessons are independent of each other. However, it is recommended that you complete these lessons in the order that they are presented unless you are familiar with the concepts and functionality described in those lessons. Each chapter contains: Lessons Usually two or more lessons in each chapter. Exercises Practical, real-world examples for you to practice using the functionality you have just learned. Each exercise contains step-by-step procedures and graphics to help you complete the exercise successfully. Default Installation The information in this course is presented in such a way that it is assumed you have installed AutoCAD using the default installation parameters. You should be using the 2D Drafting & Annotation workspace as your active workspace throughout most of the course. You will use the 3D Modeling workspace to complete Chapter 13. CD Contents The CD attached to the back cover of this book contains all the data and drawings you need to complete the exercises in this course. Completing the Exercises You can complete the exercise in two ways: using the book or the onscreen version. Using the book Follow the step-by-step exercises in the book. On screen Click the AutoCAD 2008 Intermediate AOTC icon on your desktop, installed from the CD, and follow the step-by-step exercises on screen. The onscreen exercises are the same as those in the book. The onscreen version has the advantage that you can concentrate on the screen without having to glance down at your book. Introduction xvii

After launching the onscreen exercises, you might need to alter the size of your application window to align both windows. Installing the Exercise Data Files from the CD To install the data files for the exercises: 1. Insert the courseware CD. 2. When the setup wizard begins, follow the instructions on screen to install the data. 3. If the wizard does not start automatically, browse to the root directory of the CD and double-click Setup.exe. Unless you specify a different folder, the exercise files are installed in the following folder: C:\Documents and Settings\All Users\Autodesk Learning\AutoCAD 2008\Intermediate. This folder is installed as the Autodesk Learning shortcut on the desktop. After you install the data from the CD, this folder contains all the files necessary to complete each exercise in this course. Imperial and Metric Datasets In exercises that specify units of measurement, alternative files are provided as shown in the following example: Open i_stair_settings.dwg (imperial) or m_stair_settings.dwg (metric). In the exercise steps, the imperial value is followed by the metric value in parentheses as shown in the following example: For Length, enter 13'2" (4038 mm). xviii Introduction

For exercises with no specific units of measurement, files are provided as shown in the following example: Open c_stair_settings.dwg (common). In the exercise steps, the unitless value is specified as shown in the following example: For Length, enter 400. Notes, Tips, and Warnings Throughout this courseware, notes, tips, and warnings are called out for special attention. Notes contain guidelines, constraints, and other explanatory information. Tips provide information to enhance your productivity. Warnings provide information about actions that might result in the loss of data, system failures, or other serious consequences. Feedback We always welcome feedback on Autodesk Official Training Courseware. After completing this course, if you have suggestions for improvements or if you want to report an error in the book or on the CD, please send your comments to AOTC.feedback@autodesk.com. Introduction xix

xx Introduction