ICAO Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation Vol. I - ICAO Spectrum Strategy Vol. II - Frequency Planning 100 khz 200 khz 300 khz 400 khz 600 khz 800 khz 1 MHz 2 MHz 3 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz 100 MHz LF band (#5) MF band (#6) HF band (#7) VHF band (#8) 3 km 1 km 300 m 100 m 30 m 10 m 3 m HF Air/ground voice / data Air/ground communications NDB / Locator beacons Navigation Marker beacons Frequency range 100 khz 100 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 300 MHz 400 MHz 600 MHz 800 MHz 1000 MHz 2000 MHz 3000 MHz 4000 MHz 6000 MHz 8000 MHz 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 60 GHz 80 GHz VHF band (#8) UHF band (#9) SHF band (#10) EHF band (#11) 100 GHz 3 km 1 m 30 cm 10 cm 3 cm 1 cm L S C X Ku K Ka Former band letters 3 mm Air/ground voice / data Localizer / VOR/GBAS EPIRB / ELT Glide path Iridium LDACS DME L5 GNSS L1 Satellite communications MTSAT and Inmarsat SSR PSR PSR Notes: Drawing not to scale Not all Regional or sub-regional allocations are shown Band identification (e.g. VHF) and band # per Radio Regulations The satellite communication bands used by MTSAT and Inmarsat are not allocated the the Aeronautical Mobile Satellte (R) Service MLS Radio Altimeter Frequency range 100 MHz 100 GHz AeroMACS UAS terrestrial UAS satellite Airborne Doppler radar Airborne radar Airborne weather radar ASDE radar Air/ground communications Navigation Surveillance Aeronautical Spectrum Workshop Preparation for WRC-15 Nairobi, Kenya, 3 4 September 2013 Loftur Jónasson ICAO
100 khz 200 khz 300 khz 400 khz 600 khz 800 khz 1 MHz 2 MHz 3 MHz 4 MHz 6 MHz 8 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz 30 MHz 40 MHz 60 MHz 80 MHz LF band (#5) MF band (#6) HF band (#7) VHF band (#8) 3 km 1 km 300 m 100 MHz 100 m 30 m 10 m 3 m HF Air/ground voice / data Air/ground communications NDB / Locator beacons Navigation Marker beacons Frequency range 100 khz 100 MHz 100 MHz 200 MHz 300 MHz 400 MHz 600 MHz 800 MHz 1000 MHz 2000 MHz 3000 MHz 4000 MHz 6000 MHz 8000 MHz 10 GHz 20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 60 GHz 80 GHz VHF band (#8) UHF band (#9) SHF band (#10) EHF band (#11) 100 GHz 3 km 1 m 30 cm 10 cm 3 cm 1 cm L S C X Ku K Ka Former band letters 3 mm EPIRB / ELT Air/ground voice / data Iridium LDACS Satellite communications MTSAT and Inmarsat AeroMACS UAS terrestrial UAS satellite Air/ground communications Localizer / VOR/GBAS Glide path DME L5 GNSS L1 SSR PSR PSR MLS Airborne Doppler radar Airborne radar Navigation Surveillance Radio Altimeter Airborne weather radar ASDE radar Frequency range 100 MHz 100 GHz Notes: Drawing not to scale Not all Regional or sub-regional allocations are shown Band identification (e.g. VHF) and band # per Radio Regulations The satellite communication bands used by MTSAT and Inmarsat are not allocated the the Aeronautical Mobile Satellte (R) Service 2
Overview Volume I ICAO Spectrum Strategy and Policies Volume II ICAO Frequency Assignment Planning Pre-publication drafts of Doc 9718 and other relevant material can be downloaded from the ACP website (Repository section) at http://legacy.icao.int/anb/panels/acp/repository.cfm ( ) New Edition 6 of Volume I will be available in printed copy later this year. The new Volume II will be available in printed copy as well, later this year. 3
Handbook Volume I Spectrum Strategy and Policies Overall ICAO Spectrum Policy (approved by Council) ICAO Spectrum Strategy Long term spectrum use of current and future radio systems ICAO Spectrum Policy Statements Specific actions to assist in meeting the Strategic Objectives ICAO Position for future WRC s Medium and long term availability of spectrum for aviation 4
Handbook Volume I Spectrum Strategy and Policies Background material in the Handbook, (Volume I) (1) Role of ICAO In ITU-R (Study Groups) and in Regional Telecommunication Organizations At ITU World Radiocommunication Conferences In frequency coordination and registration (also ITU) Role of the ITU and Regional Telecommunication Organizations Develop technical material (ITU-R Study Groups) Amend Radio Regulations (at WRCs) 5
Handbook Volume I Spectrum Strategy and Policies Background material in the Handbook, (Volume I) (2) Policy Statements on frequency allocations and technical details (Chapter 7), including: Frequency allocations and footnotes in ITU Radio Regulations Information on Aviation use Commentary (specific comments on ITU and ICAO review In frequency coordination and registration (also ITU) Spectrum Strategy (Chapter 8) 6
Published for the first time in 2013 Provides globally harmonized frequency assignment planning criteria and guidance material to support the application of SARPs in Annex 10, Vol. V Developed in conjunction with the revisions to Annex 10, Vol. V Developed by ACP Working Group F Implementation through Regional Air Navigation Agreement by PIRG To support the development of Global COM lists and the Global Air Navigation Plan 7
Chapter 1 (1) General methodology General methodology for compatibility analysis General model for compatibility assessment Based on: Protection of desired signal at receiver input Not to exceed maximum permissible distortion of receiver output signal e.i.r.p D antenna input P d receiver input RP d Transmitter Feeder loss Antenna gain Propagation loss Antenna gain Feeder loss Receiver PT d F d G d L d G r F r PT r antenna receiver input P u input RP u Transmitter Feeder loss Antenna gain Propagation loss PT u F u G u e.i.r.p U L u 8
Chapter 1 (2) General methodology Propagation model Based on free space propagation (Re. Recommendation ITU-R P.525) Propagation model does not accommodate certain phenomena which are difficult to predict such as Changes in the refractive index of the atmosphere Ducting ITU has developed propagation curves for aeronautical communication and navigation systems (Recommendation ITU-R P.528) 9
Chapter 2 (1) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Interference model (co-frequency separation) Conforms to the general methodology in Chapter 1 Model for establishing separation distances to prevent air-to-air interference: A d d a Station A Range = R A = d d Station B Range = R B d u Minimum separation between stations A and B: Range A + Radio horizon A + Radio Horizon B +Range B b B 10
Chapter 2 (2) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Interference model (co-frequency) Aeronautical broadcast stations (ATIS, VOLMET) b a Do not involve aircraft transmission Broadcast station B A RH A 15 NM R Separation distances are less A Broadcast station A Interference model (adjacent frequency separation) Same model as for co-frequency separation Takes into account the attenuation of the undesired signal by the (aircraft) receiver 1 st adjacent channel separation (25 khz): 10 NM 11
Chapter 2 (3) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Frequency separation and channelling 25 khz and 8.33 khz channel spacing. Special consideration for mixed environment where both are applied Designated Operational Coverage (DOC) Table of uniform values for DOC Complies with common values used in most Regions Area services ACC-FIS are in many cases not 12 specified
Chapter 2 (4) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Calculation of separation distances. Methodology for establishing separation distances Air/ground communications Aeronautical broadcast communications Aerodrome surface communications For each of these types the Handbook clarifies the principles and method used when the separation distances were established. A summary of the 13 results (25 khz channel spacing) is on the next slide
INTERFER Handbook Volume II Chapter 2 (5) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Service TWR 25/400 0 AFIS 25/400 0 AS Surface APP-U 150/450 APP- I 75/250 APP-L 50/120 VICTIM ACC-U Area/45 0 ACC-L Area/25 0 FIS-U Area/45 0 FIS- L VOLMET Area/250 260/450 ATIS 200/450 TWR 156 156 338 273 212 338 273 338 273 338 338 AFIS 156 156 338 273 212 338 273 338 273 338 338 AS (Note 2) 25 APP-U 338 338 520 455 394 520 455 520 455 520 520 APP-I APP-L ACC-U (Note 1) ACC-L (Note 1) FIS-U (Note 1) FIS-L (Note 1) VOLMET 273 273 455 390 329 325 390 455 390 455 455 212 212 394 329 268 394 329 394 329 394 394 338 338 520 455 394 520 455 520 455 520 520 273 273 455 390 329 455 390 455 390 455 455 338 338 520 455 394 520 455 520 455 520 520 273 273 455 390 329 455 390 455 390 455 455 338 338 520 455 394 520 455 520 455 15 15 ATIS 338 338 520 455 394 520 455 520 455 15 15 14
Chapter 2 (6) criteria for VHF air-ground communication systems Frequency planning criteria for VDL were considered by the ACP between 2002 2008 Same methodology as for developing planning criteria for VHF voice systems Criteria for VDL (Mode 2 and Mode 4): Interference source DSB-AM VDL 2 VDL 4 Victim DSB-AM 1 2 VDL 2 1 1 1 VDL 4 2 1 1 The Handbook contains specific considerations to be taken into account when using VDL on the surface of an airport. 15
Future work Future work will concentrate on developing harmonized and updated planning criteria for aeronautical radionavigation systems The Handbook and other relevant material can be downloaded from the ACP website (Repository section) at http://legacy.icao.int/anb/panels/acp/repository.cfm 16