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Vasari, Lomazzo, Zuccaro Accademia del Disegno 82
Disegno 83
Trivium Grammar Rhetoric Dialectic Quadrivium Arithmetic Music Geometry Astronomy
Michelangelo, Studies for Madonna and Child disegnia antonio disegnia antonio disegnia e no(n) p(er) der te(m)po
Because design, the father of our three arts of architecture, sculpture, and painting, proceeding from the intellect, derives from many things a universal judgement, like a form or idea of all things in nature which (nature) is most consistent in its measures it happens that not only in human bodies and those of animals, but in plants as well and buildings and sculptures and paintings, recognising that the whole has to the parts and the parts to one another and to the whole. And from this there arises a certain notion and judgement which forms in the mind that which, when expressed, is nothing other than a visible expression and declaration of that notion of the mind, or which others have imagined in their minds or given shape to in their idea. And from this, perhaps, arose that proved among the Greeks, ex ungue leonem, when some worthy person, seeing carved in stone the claw only of lion, understood with the intellect from its measure and form, the parts of the whole animal and then the whole animal together as if he had it before his eyes.
disegnare disegno dessein zeichnung design drawing
disegno interno disegno esterno 106
ekphraesis 107
ars poetica - Horace Aristotle s poetics 108
ut pictura poesis 109
judgement of sense 110
inventione, disegno - notions of creation, copy disegno - - drawing, design, intent, content - unity of form and content - derives from signature of God - derives from imitation of divine creation - naturalism as ideality, copying from Nature, imitating Nature - modern split occurs with Federico Zuccaro, - Zuccaro introduces disegno interno and disegno esterno - idea, and manifestation
112 Influence of Palladian system
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Ben Jonson 115
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Summarizing the Renaissance: from the 15th through the mid 16th century Changes in society and culture at large: invention of the printing press enables greater dissemination of knowledge and accomplishments of past generations Turkish domination of eastern Mediterranean leads European countries to search for other routes for trade in the church: the split between the eastern and western seats of Catholicism takes on a new shape in 1453 when Constantinople is defeated by the Muslim empire the western church is challenged by increasing secularization of lifestyles popes and church hierarchy spend more money on their personal lifestyles continued growth of middle class and upper classes 118
Summarizing the Renaissance: from the 15th through the mid 16th century In art & architecture: ancient models of architecture and sculpture become inspirations for Florentine and Roman artists in the belief that the ancient Greeks and Romans had achieved perfection wealthy families begin to support industry and art by commissioning large buildings for private uses: not only are they commissioning palazzi but in many cases they are asking for private chapels and family churches these chapels and churches are then decorated with frescoes together, this means an increasing number of artistic commissions in which artists are working for private patrons, rather than the church or the emperor or a prince, and this enhances the importance of developing an individual style 119
Summarizing the Renaissance: from the 15th through the mid 16th century In art & architecture: artists styles are diffused because artists travel to other regions and study the work of their peers as well as the work of the past subject matter becomes more varied as private commissions are not always for religious art; mythological subjects may be treated with the same degree of attention as religious narratives portraits become more prevalent, no longer limited to depictions of donors in religious work; as portraits become more popular, so does contemporary history or the life stories of the people in portraits 120