Power Converters. Applications and Analysis Using PSIM Index of Exercises PSIM Prof. Herman E. Fernández H

Power Converters. Applications and Analysis Using PSIM Index of Exercises PSIM 10.0.6 Prof. Herman E. Fernández H

Chapter II: PSIM description Keywords: low pass filter analysis, transient, AC sweep and parametric tests PSIM exercises: 4 Transient analysis of a low pass filter Ejercicio2_1.psimsch Fig.2.25 Transient analysis with noise signal Ejercicio2_2.psimsch Fig.2.26 AC Sweep Ejercicio2_3.psimsch Fig.2.27 Parametric analysis Ejercicio2_4.psimsch Fig.2.29, Fig.2.30 Example: Transient analysis of a low pass filter with added noise signal AC sweep of a low pass filter

Chapter III: Diodes and Thyristors Keywords: uncontrolled rectifier, DIAC TRIAC arrays, phase control, circuit to determine thyristor state, pulse transformer, AC/AC and AC/DC PWM converters with GTO, driver circuits and GTO discrete model. PSIM exercises: 19 3.1 Single phase rectifier with RLE load. Discontinuous current mode (DCM). Ejercicio3_1.psimsch Fig.3.3 3.2 Single phase rectifier with RLE load. Continuous current mode (CCM). Ejercicio3_2.psimsch Fig.3.4 3.3 Half wave controlled rectifier with resistive load. Using Alpha Controller. Ejercicio3_3.psimsch Fig.3.7 3.4 Half wave controlled rectifier with RL load. Determination of current extinction angle (β). Ejercicio3_4.psimsch Fig.3.8, Fig.3.9 3.5 DIAC voltage current characteristic. Ejercicio3_5.psimsch Fig.3.15, Fig.3.16 3.6 DIAC TRIAC circuit based on an Alpha Controller. Ejercicio3_6.psimsch Fig.3.17, Fig.3.18 3.7 DIAC TRIAC circuit based on a Gating Block. Ejercicio3_7.psimsch Fig.3.19 3.8 DIAC TRIAC circuit. First option. Ejercicio3_8.psimsch Fig.3.21, Fig.3.22 3.9 DIAC TRIAC circuit. Parametric analysis. Ejercicio3_9.psimsch Fig.3.23 3.10 DIAC TRIAC circuit. Second option. Ejercicio3_10.psimsch Fig.3.24 3.11 AC/AC and AC/DC PWM converters implemented with GTO. Ejercicio3_11.psimsch Fig.3.28

Optical electronic to determine the state of a thyristor (SCR): 3.12 Operating thyristor. Ejercicio3_12.psimsch Fig.3.34 3.13 Short circuited thyristor (Failure state). Ejercicio3_13.psimsch Fig.3.35 3.14 Open circuited thyristor (Failure state). Ejercicio3_14.psimsch Fig.3.36 3.15 Voltage time characteristic determination of a pulse transformer. Ejercicio3_15.psimsch Fig.3.38 3.16 Saturation effect of a pulse transformer. Ejercicio3_16.psimsch Fig.3.39 3.17 Thyristor driver circuit design using RC network. Ejercicio3_17.psimsch Fig.3.42 3.18 Thyristor driver circuit design based in pulse modulation. Ejercicio3_18.psimsch Fig.3.43 3.19 GTO modelling. Ejercicio3_19.psimsch Fig.3.44

Example: 3.19 GTO modelling

Chapter IV: Power Transistors Keywords: PBJT, MOSFET, IGBT and three phase switch. Driver stage, losses evaluation of power devices. Basic applications. PSIM exercises: 10 4.1 PBJT driver unit. Optical isolated, pulses amplifier and simple power stage. Ejercicio4_1.psimsch Fig.4.8, Fig.4.9 4.2 Open loop servomotor. Ejercicio4_2.psimsch Fig.4.10 4.3 Open loop servomotor. Constant torque load. Ejercicio4_3.psimsch Fig.4.11 4.4 MOSFET gate driver with short circuit protection. Resistive load. Ejercicio4_4.psimsch Fig.4.18 4.5 MOSFET gate driver with short circuit protection. RL load. Ejercicio4_5.psimsch Fig.4.19 4.6 DC machine soft starter based on IGBT. Ejercicio4_6.psimsch Fig.4.28 4.7 IGBT gate driver with short circuit protection. Ejercicio4_7.psimsch Fig.4.29 4.8 DC/DC converter. Commutation and conduction losses evaluation. Thermal considerations. Ejercicio4_8.psimsch Fig.4.30, Fig.4.31, Fig.4.32 4.9 DC/AC converter. Commutation and conduction losses evaluation. Thermal considerations. Ejercicio4_9.psimsch Fig.4.33, Fig.4.34 4.10 AC starter of induction machine using three phase switch. Ejercicio4_10.psimsch Fig.4.35, Fig.4.36

Example: 4.5 MOSFET Gate Driver (MGD) with short circuit protection. RL load

Chapter V: DC/DC converters Keywords: Step up, Step down, Buck Boost, Fly Back, Push pull and H bridge. PWM (unipolar and bipolar modes), Feedforward PWM, One Cycle controller, and frequency variation. Open loop and feedback control: current controller and voltage regulation. UC3825, UC3844. Basic applications: Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS), DC drive, and UPS. Discontinuous mode current (DCM). PSIM exercises: 17 5.1 Step down DC/DC (Buck converter). Open loop configuration. PWM control. Ejercicio5_1.psimsch Fig.5.12 5.2 Step up DC/DC (Boost converter). PWM control and voltage regulation. Ejercicio5_2.psimsch Fig.5.13 5.3 Buck converter based on a UC3825 Controller. Ejercicio5_3.psimsch Fig.5.14, Fig.5.15 5.4 Buck converter based on a UC3825 Controller. Short circuit condition. Ejercicio5_4.psimsch Fig.5.16, Fig.5.17 5.5 Buck converter based on a UC3825 Controller. Discontinuous current measure. Ejercicio5_5.psimsch Fig.5.18 5.6 Simple DC drive based on a Step down converter. Open loop condition. Ejercicio5_6.psimsch Fig.5.19 5.7 Step up converter. Ejercicio5_7.psimsch Fig.5.22 5.8 Feed Forward PWM (FF PWM) controller. Ejercicio5_8.psimsch Fig.5.23, Fig.5.24 5.9 Current controlled Step up converter (discrete array). Ejercicio5_9.psimsch Fig.5.25 5.10 Current controlled Step up converter using UC3842. Ejercicio5_10.psimsch Fig.5.26, Fig.5.27 5.11 Class C converter (one quadrant operation). Ejercicio5_11.psimsch Fig.5.33, Fig.5.34

5.12 Class C converter (two quadrants operation). Ejercicio5_12.psimsch Fig.5.35 5.13 H Bridge configuration. Full quadrant operation. Bipolar PWM. DC motor drive. Ejercicio5_13.psimsch Fig.5.38 5.14 H Bridge configuration. Full quadrant operation. Unipolar PWM. DC motor drive. Ejercicio5_14.psimsch Fig.5.39 5.15 Buck Boost converter. Voltage regulation based on PI controller. Ejercicio5_15.psimsch Fig.5.41 5.16 Closed loop Flyback converter. Ejercicio5_16.psimsch Fig.5.43, Fig.5.44 5.17 DC/DC Half bridge isolated configuration. Ejercicio5_17.psimsch Fig.5.46

Example: 5.4 Current control and voltage regulation using a UC3825

Chapter VI: Pulses generator and synchronism circuits for AC/DC and AC/AC converters Keywords: zero crossing detector, phase control circuit, phase control single phase and threephase converters. VCO. SRF PLL and SRF PLL for three phase converters, frequency response for SRF PLL, PLL three phase synchronization, cosine controller, integral cycle and PWM controllers. PSIM exercises: 20 6.1 Zero crossing detector. Two topologies. Ejercicio6_1.psimsch Fig.6.3 6.2 Synchronization network using opto isolator circuit. Ejercicio6_2.psimsch Fig.6.4 6.3 Phase control circuit. Ramp method. Ejercicio6_3.psimsch Fig.6.5 6.4 Phase control circuit. Negative slope ramp. Ejercicio6_4.psimsch Fig.6.6 6.5 Firing pulses using counter method to frequency variable. Ejercicio6_5.psimsch Fig.6.7, Fig.6.8 6.6 Firing pulses using counter method with digital reference. Ejercicio6_6.psimsch Fig.6.9 6.7 Firing pulses generator for three phase half wave controlled rectifier. Ejercicio6_7.psimsch Fig.6.12, Fig.6.13, Fig.6.14 6.8 Firing pulses generator for three phase full wave controlled rectifier. Ejercicio6_8.psimsch Fig.6.16, fig.6.17 6.9 Pulses generator using a VCO. Ejercicio6_9.psimsch Fig.6.19 6.10 Pulses generator using a monostable circuit. Ejercicio6_10.psimsch Fig.6.20 6.11 Single phase synchronization circuit using a SRF PLL (Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop). Ejercicio6_11.psimsch Fig.6.24, Fig.6.25

6.12 Single phase synchronization circuit using a SRF PLL (Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop) based on Park Transformation. Ejercicio6_12.psimsch Fig.6.26 6.13 Pulses generator for three phase converter under single phase SRF PLL. Ejercicio6_13.psimsch Fig.6.27, Fig.6.28 6.14 Frequency response analysis for a SRF PLL. Ejercicio6_14.psimsch Fig.6.29 6.15 Three phase synchronism using SRF PLL. Ejercicio6_15.psimsch Fig.6.30 6.16 Cosine control scheme. Function f(ωt)=1+cos(ωt). Ejercicio6_16.psimsch Fig.6.34 6.17 Cosine control scheme. Function f(ωt)=cos(ωt). Ejercicio6_17.psimsch Fig.6.35 6.18 Integral cycle control. Ejercicio6_18.psimsch Fig.6.37 6.19 SPWM pulses generator for AC/DC converter. Ejercicio6_19.psimsch Fig.6.38 6.20 SPWM pulses generator for three phase converter. Ejercicio6_20.psimsch Fig.6.39

Example: 6.4 Phase control circuit. Negative slope ramp

Chapter VII: Controlled Rectifiers Keywords: single phase configuration. Half wave and fully controlled three phase converters. Harmonics analysis. Cosine control scheme. Basic applications: DC drive and battery charger. Serial converter connection. Six phase rectifier. Line inductor effect. Rectifier evaluation connecting inductive, RLE and constant current loads. Power Factor Controller (PFC). Applying the SmartCtrl tool to set parameters of a PFC. Hysteresis current controlled PFC. PWM rectifiers. Vienna configuration. PSIM exercises: 24 7.1 Single phase rectifier connected to current constant load. Ejercicio7_1.psimsch Fig.7.3, Fig.7.4 7.2 Single phase half wave converter connected to RL load. Ejercicio7_2.psimsch Fig.7.5, Fig.7.6 7.3 Single phase half wave converter connected to a current constant load. Ejercicio7_3.psimsch Fig.7.8 7.4 Single phase half wave converter based on cosine control method. Ejercicio7_4.psimsch Fig.7.9, Fig.7.10 7.5 Asymmetrical single phase half wave rectifier. Ejercicio7_5.psimsch Fig.7.11 7.6 DC drive implemented with an asymmetrical single phase half wave rectifier. Ejercicio7_6.psimsch Fig.7.12 7.7 Single phase fully controlled rectifier. Ejercicio7_7.psimsch Fig.7.14 7.8 Single phase fully controlled rectifier under cosine control strategy. Ejercicio7_8.psimsch Fig.7.15, Fig.7.16 7.9 DC drive implemented with a thyristors module. Cosine control. Ejercicio7_9.psimsch Fig.7.17 7.10 Three phase half wave converter. Ejercicio7_10.psimsch Fig.7.19

7.11 Three phase half wave converter with freewheeling diode. Ejercicio7_11.psimsch Fig.7.22, fig.7.23 7.12 Three phase fully controlled rectifier. Cosine control scheme. Constant current load. Twoquadrant operation. Ejercicio7_12.psimsch Fig.7.28, Fig.7.29 7.13 Battery charger under three phase fully controlled rectifier. Ejercicio7_13.psimsch Fig.7.30 7.14 DC drive implemented with a three phase fully wave rectifier. Ejercicio7_14.psimsch Fig.7.31 7.15 Serial connection of three phase rectifiers. Ejercicio7_15.psimsch Fig.7.32, Fig.7.33 7.16 Six phase rectifier. Ejercicio7_16.psimsch Fig.7.34, Fig.7.35 7.17 Line inductor effect. Single phase rectifier. Ejercicio7_17.psimsch Fig.7.37 7.18 Line inductor effect. Three phase rectifier. Ejercicio7_18.psimsch Fig.7.38 7.19 PFC based on a UC3854. Ejercicio7_19.psimsch Fig.7.44, Fig.7.45 7.20 Applying the SmartCtrl tool to set parameters of a PFC. Ejercicio7_20.psimsch Fig.7.46 7.21 Hysteresis current controlled PFC. Ejercicio7_21.psimsch Fig.7.48, Fig.7.49 7.22 Simple configuration of a PWM Rectifier. Ejercicio7_22.psimsch Fig.7.52, Fig.7.53, Fig.7.54 7.23 Vienna Rectifier. Ejercicio7_23.psimsch Fig.7.55

7.24 PWM rectifier with power factor control. Ejercicio7_24.psimsch Fig.7.56, Fig.7.57 Example: 7.11 Three phase half wave converter with freewheeling diode

Chapter VIII: AC/AC converters Keywords: single phase. Half wave and fully controlled three phase converters. Star and Delta configurations. Static Var Compensator. Special topologies. Control methods: phase control, mark space, PWM, SPWM, one cycle control and integral cycle control. Frequency multiplier. Matrix converter. PSIM exercises: 24 8.1 Single phase half wave AC/AC converter. Ejercicio8_1.psimsch Fig.8.2, Fig.8.3 8.2 Single phase fully controlled AC/AC converter. Resistive load. Harmonics analysis. Ejercicio8_2.psimsch Fig.8.6, Fig.8.7 8.3 Single phase fully controlled AC/AC converter. Inductive load. Harmonics analysis. Ejercicio8_3.psimsch Fig.8.9, Fig.8.10 8.4 Single phase fully controlled AC/AC converter using integral cycle control. Harmonics analysis. Ejercicio8_4.psimsch Fig.8.12, Fig.8.13 8.5 Three phase fully controlled AC converter. Multimode operation. Resistive load. Ejercicio8_5.psimsch Fig.8.16, Fig.8.17 8.6 Three phase fully controlled AC converter. Multimode operation. Inductive load. Ejercicio8_6.psimsch Fig.8.18 8.7 Three phase half controlled AC converter. Multimode operation. Resistive load. Ejercicio8_7.psimsch Fig.8.22 8.8 Three phase half controlled AC converter. Multimode operation. Inductive load. Ejercicio8_8.psimsch Fig.8.23, Fig.8.24 8.9 Thyristors delta configuration. Resistive load. Ejercicio8_9.psimsch Fig.8.27, Fig.8.28 8.10 Thyristors delta configuration. Inductive load. Ejercicio8_10.psimsch Fig.8.29 8.11 Operation principle of a Static Var Compensator. Ejercicio8_11.psimsch Fig.8.30, Fig.8.31

8.12 Asymmetrical array. Three phase converter with two phase control. Ejercicio8_12.psimsch Fig.8.32 8.13 Asymmetrical array. Three phase converter with one phase control. Ejercicio8_13.psimsch Fig.8.33 8.14 Asymmetrical array. Each phase controlled with load in delta configuration. Ejercicio8_14.psimsch Fig.8.34 8.15 Asymmetrical array. Three phase converter with thyristors connected in delta configuration. Serial connection of the three phase load with AC grid. Ejercicio8_15.psimsch Fig.8.35 8.16 Single phase AC converter using mark space control. Ejercicio8_16.psimsch Fig.8.37, Fig.8.38 8.17 Single phase AC converter. Pulses generator under SPWM. Ejercicio8_17.psimsch Fig.8.39 8.18 Single phase AC converter. One cycle controller. Ejercicio8_18.psimsch Fig.8.40 8.19 Single phase AC converter. Dynamic evaluation with one cycle controller. Ejercicio8_19.psimsch Fig.8.41 8.20 PWM cycle integral control. Ejercicio8_20.psimsch Fig.8.42 8.21 Frequency multiplier. Ejercicio8_21.psimsch Fig.8.43 8.22 Three phase to single phase cycloconverter. Ejercicio8_22.psimsch Fig.8.45, Fig.8.46 8.23 Matrix converter of simple configuration. Ejercicio8_23.psimsch Fig.8.51 8.24 Reduced parts matrix converter. Ejercicio8_24.psimsch Fig.8.52, Fig.8.53

Example: 8.6 Three phase fully controlled AC converter. Multimode operation. Inductive load

Chapter IX: DC/AC converters Keywords: square wave half bridge, H bridge configuration, conduction control equals to π and 2π/3. Single pulse, uniform pulse width modulation, bipolar SPWM, and unipolar SPWM. SPWM three phase inverter, HIPWM, Selective Harmonic Elimination (three cases), MSPWM, SVPWM. Sinusoidal inverter (filter LC). Reflection effect in AC drives. Hysteresis controller. Three level inverter, FC MLI, push pull inverter using UC3825, delta controller, inverter connected to grid, inverter connected to resonant load, and Current Source Inverter. PSIM exercises: 29 9.1 Half bridge single phase converter. Ejercicio9_1.psimsch Fig.9.9 9.2 Full bridge single phase configuration. Ejercicio9_2.psimsch Fig.9.12 9.3 Three phase inverter. Conduction equals π. Ejercicio9_3.psimsch Fig.9.15, Fig.9.16 9.4 Three phase inverter. Conduction equals 2π/3. Ejercicio9_4.psimsch Fig.9.18 9.5 Single pulse or Uniform PWM generator. Ejercicio9_5.psimsch Fig.9.20, Fig.9.23 9.6 Full bridge under multiple pulses PWM generator. Ejercicio9_6.psimsch Fig.9.25, Fig.9.26 9.7 Full bridge inverter under Bipolar Synchronous Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulator (SSPWM). Ejercicio9_7.psimsch Fig.9.31, Fig.9.32 9.8 Full bridge inverter based on Unipolar SSPWM. Ejercicio9_8.psimsch Fig.9.34 9.9 Three phase inverter based on SPWM. Ejercicio9_9.psimsch Fig.9.36 9.10 Three phase inverter under Harmonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (HIPWM). Ejercicio9_10.psimsch Fig.9.38, Fig.9.39

9.11 Three phase inverter under Selective Harmonic Elimination TLN1. Ejercicio9_11.psimsch Fig.9.42, Fig.9.43 9.12 Single phase inverter under Selective Harmonic Elimination SLN1. Ejercicio9_12.psimsch Fig.9.44, Fig.9.45 9.13 Single phase inverter under Selective Harmonic Elimination SLL. Ejercicio9_13.psimsch Fig.9.46 9.14 Single phase inverter using Modified Sinusoidal PWM (MSPWM). Ejercicio9_14.psimsch Fig.9.48 9.15 Three phase inverter under Space Vector PWM. Ejercicio9_15.psimsch Fig.9.51, Fig.9.52 9.16 Filter design procedure applied to a single phase inverter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_16.psimsch Fig.9.62, Fig.9.63, Fig.9.64, Fig.9.65 9.17 Reflection effect analysis in three phase converter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_17.psimsch Fig.9.66 9.18 LC filter configuration to reduce reflection effect in a three phase converter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_18.psimsch Fig.9.68 9.19 LCC filter configuration to reduce reflection effect in a three phase converter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_19.psimsch Fig.9.69 9.20 Hysteresis controller applied to a single phase inverter. Ejercicio9_20.psimsch Fig.9.71 9.21 Sample Hold Hysteresis controller applied to a single phase inverter. Ejercicio9_21.psimsch Fig.9.72 9.22 Diodes Clamping Multiple Level Inverter (DC MLI) under SPWM. Ejercicio9_22.psimsch Fig.9.76, Fig.9.77 9.23 Flying Capacitor MLI inverter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_23.psimsch Fig.9.78

9.24 Push pull inverter. Ejercicio9_24.psimsch Fig.9.80 9.25 Delta modulator applied to single phase inverter. Ejercicio9_25.psimsch Fig.9.82 9.26 Single phase inverter connected to AC grid (Distributed Generation). Ejercicio9_26.psimsch Fig.9.84, Fig.9.85 9.27 Single phase inverter connected to AC grid. Power factor control. Ejercicio9_27.psimsch Fig.9.86 9.28 Series loaded (RLC) resonant converter. Ejercicio9_28.psimsch Fig.9.87 9.29 Current Source Inverter under SPWM. Ejercicio9_29.psimsch Fig.9.89, Fig.9.90

Example: 9.11 Three phase inverter under Selective Harmonic Elimination TLN1

Chapter X: Power Electronic Systems: analysis and simulations Keywords: open loop DC drive, DC drive using UC3842, close loop DC drives (two cases), traction system. Fan applications (two cases). Vector Control. Drives: SRM, BDCM, and PMDC. Lead acid model (VRLA). Current control and voltage regulation. Li ion battery test, super capacitor simplified model, battery charger for VRLA, SMPS with UC3844, backup cycle UPS, AC/DC current controlled. PSIM exercises: 23 10.1 Open loop DC drive. Ejercicio10_1.psimsch Fig.10.4 10.2 Open loop DC drive under load demand. Ejercicio10_2.psimsch Fig.10.5 10.3 Current controlled DC drive based on UC3842. Ejercicio10_3.psimsch Fig.10.6 10.4 Closed loop DC drive. Option I. Ejercicio10_4.psimsch Fig.10.7 10.5 Closed loop DC drive. Option II. Ejercicio10_5.psimsch Fig.10.8 10.6 DC drive applied to a traction system. Ejercicio10_6.psimsch Fig.10.10, Fig.10.11, Fig.10.12 10.7 Hard starter of an industrial fan. Ejercicio10_7.psimsch Fig.10.16, Fig.10.17 10.8 Scalar Control AC drive. Induction machine mechanically coupled to industrial fan. Ejercicio10_8.psimsch Fig.10.18, Fig.10.19 10.9 Vector Control AC drive. Ejercicio10_9.psimsch Fig.10.26 10.10 Synchronous Reluctance Machine (SRM) drive. Ejercicio10_10.psimsch Fig.10.31 10.11 Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) drive. Ejercicio10_11.psimsch Fig.10.32, Fig.10.33

10.12 Brushless Direct Current Machine (BDCM or BLDC) drive. Ejercicio10_12.psimsch Fig.10.34 10.13 Generic model of lead acid battery. Ejercicio10_13.psimsch Fig.10.37, Fig.10.38 10.14 Battery charger: constant current mode and limited voltage control. Ejercicio10_14.psimsch Fig.10.39 10.15 Constant current charge of the Lithium Ion battery. Ejercicio10_15.psimsch Fig.10.40 10.16 Constant current discharge of the Lithium Ion battery. Ejercicio10_16.psimsch Fig.10.40 10.17 Simplified model of a ultracapacitor. Ejercicio10_17.psimsch Fig.10.41 10.18 Simplified model of multiple cell ultracapacitor. Ejercicio10_18.psimsch Fig.10.42 10.19 Battery charger based on an averaged DC/DC converter. Constant current mode and floatation condition. Ejercicio10_19.psimsch Fig.10.45, Fig.10.46, Fig.10.47 10.20 Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS) based on a UC3844. Ejercicio10_20.psimsch Fig.10.50 10.21 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Back up mode. Ejercicio10_21.psimsch Fig.10.56 10.22 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS). Back up mode. Voltage regulation. Ejercicio10_22.psimsch Fig.10.57 10.23 Welding machine based on a current controlled three phase rectifier. Ejercicio10_23.psimsch Fig.10.59

Example: 10.5 Closed loop DC drive

Chapter XI: Renewable energies: Photovoltaic and wind turbine systems. Fuel Cells Keywords: Wind turbines: BDCM, PMSG, and DFIG. Solar cell model and parametric analysis. MPPT: simple circuit, P&O, HC, and Inc Cond. Solar battery charger and solar water pump. PEMFC model, PEMFC step up DC/DC converter, PEMFC DC/DC DC/AC, distributed generation system using PEMFC, SOFC model (100kW), SOFC DC/DC DC/AC drive. PSIM exercises: 17 11.1 Wind turbine based on a BDCM (Brushless DC Machine) and storage bank. Ejercicio11.1.psimsch Fig.11.19 11.2 Wind turbine based on a PMSG (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator). Ejercicio11.2.psimsch Fig.11.20, Fig.11.21 11.3 Wind turbine based on a PMSG. Setting I ds=0. Ejercicio11.3.psimsch Fig.11.22 11.4 Wind turbine based on a Double Fed Induction Machine (DFIG). Ejercicio11.4.psimsch Fig.11.23, Fig.11.24 11.5 Functional model of a photovoltaic cell. BP 3175. Ejercicio11.5.psimsch Fig.11.44, Fig.11.45 11.6 Physical model of a photovoltaic cell. Solarex MSX60. Parametric analysis under irradiation variable. Ejercicio11.6.psimsch Fig.11.46, Fig.11.47 11.7 Simple configuration of a MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) circuit. Ejercicio11.7.psimsch Fig.11.48 11.8 Perturb and Observation MPPT method. Ejercicio11.8.psimsch Fig.11.50, Fig.11.51 11.9 Incremental Conductance MPPT method. Ejercicio11.9.psimsch Fig.11.52 11.10 Solar battery charger. Ejercicio11.10.psimsch Fig.11.53 11.11 Solar pumping system. Ejercicio11.11.psimsch Fig.11.54, Fig.11.55

11.12 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Ejercicio11.12.psimsch Fig.11.61, Fig.11.62 11.13 PEMFC connected to boost converter. Ejercicio11.13.psimsch Fig.11.63, Fig.11.64 11.14 AC generation using a PEMFC. Ejercicio11.14.psimsch Fig.11.65 11.15 Distributed generation under a PEMFC. Ejercicio11.15.psimsch Fig.11.66 11.16 Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC). Ejercicio11.16.psimsch Fig.11.69, Fig.11.70, Fig.11.71 11.17 AC drive based on a SOFC. Ejercicio11.17.psimsch Fig.11.72

Example: 11.11 Solar pumping system

Appendix Exercises: 11 (PSIM, PSCAD and PSpice) A.1 SmartCtrl applied to design the regulation stage of a Buck Converter. EjercicioA_1.psimsch A.2 HID (High Intensity Discharge Lamp) modelling. EjercicioA_2.psimsch A.3 Synchronism circuit design based on PSCAD. A.4 Phase control circuit based on PSCAD. A.5 Three phase pulses generator using PSCAD. A.6 DC drive designed using an IGBT step down converter. PSCAD tool. A.7 Pulses generator applied to fully controlled three phase rectifier. PSCAD tool. A.8 Generation mode of a DC machine. A.9 Pulses amplifier. PSpice tool. A.10 Ramp generator. PSpice tool. A.11 AC Delta Controller. PSpice tool.

Example: A.1 SmartCtrl applied to design the regulation stage of a Buck Converter. //SmartCtrl parameters //Outer Regulator parameters R2 = 2.77781k Ohm C2 = 2.65267u F Vref = 2.5 V Vp = 3 V R11 = 10k Ohm //Outer Sensor parameters Ra = 9.5k Ohm Rb = 500 Ohm //Power Stage parameters R = 10 Ohms RC = 50m Ohms C = 612u F

IC_C = 50 V RL = 1n Ohms L = 5m H IC_L = 5 A Vin = 100 V //Modulator parameters Vpp = 2 V fsw = 2k Hz Dramp = 800m Vv = 1 V //Other parameters fdc = 15 Hz <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< INPUT DATA >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> INPUT DATA Single loop Frequency range (Hz) : (1, 999 k) Cross frequency (Hz) = 15 Phase margin ( ) = 122 Plant Buck (voltage mode controlled) R (Ohms) = 10 L (H) = 5 m RL(Ohms) = 1 n C (F) = 612 u RC(Ohms) = 50 m Vin (V) = 100 Vo (V) = 50 Fsw (Hz) = 2 k Steady state dc operating point Mode = Continuous Duty cycle= 0.5 Vcomp(V) = 2.25 IL (A) = 5 ILmax(A) = 6.25 ILmin(A) = 3.75 Io (A) = 5 Vo (V) = 50 Sensor Voltage divider Vref/Vo = 0.05 Regulator PI Gmod = 0.4 R11(ohms) = 10000 Vp(V) = 3 Vv(V) = 1

tr(sec) = 0.0004 Vref(V) = 2.5 Steady state dc operating point IC_C2(V) = 250m <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< RESULTS >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> RESULTS Regulator (Analog): Kp = 277.781 m Kint = 7.36863 m R2 (Ohms) = 2.77781 k C2 ( F ) = 2.65267 u fz ( Hz ) = 21.599 fi ( Hz ) = 5.99979 b2 ( s^2) = 0 b1 ( s ) = 0.00736863 b0 = 1 a3 ( s^3) = 0 a2 ( s^2) = 0 a1 ( s ) = 0.0265267 a0 = 0 Sensor: Ra (Ohms) = 9.5 k Rb (Ohms) = 500 Pa (Watts) = 237.5 m Pb (Watts) = 12.5 m Loop performance parameters: PhF ( Hz ) = out of frequency range under study GM ( db ) =... Atte( db ) = 37.146