Protection, metering and control units General Instructions IG-157-EN, version 04, 31/05/2016 LIB
CAUTION! When medium-voltage equipment is operating, certain components are live, other parts may be in movement and some may reach high temperatures. Therefore, the use of this equipment poses electrical, mechanical and thermal risks. In order to ensure an acceptable level of protection for people and property, and in compliance with applicable environmental recommendations, Ormazabal designs and manufactures its products according to the principle of integrated safety, based on the following criteria: Elimination of hazards wherever possible. Where elimination of hazards is neither technically nor economically feasible, appropriate protection functions are incorporated in the equipment. Communication about remaining risks to facilitate the design of operating procedures which prevent such risks, training for the personnel in charge of the equipment, and the use of suitable personal protective equipment. Use of recyclable materials and establishment of procedures for the disposal of equipment and components so that, once the end of their service lives is reached, they are duly processed in accordance, as far as possible, with the environmental restrictions established by the competent authorities Consequently, the equipment to which the present manual refers complies with the requirements of section 11.2 of Standard IEC 62271-1. It must therefore only be operated by appropriately qualified and supervised personnel, in accordance with the requirements of standard EN 50110-1 on the safety of electrical installations and standard EN 50110-2 on activities in or near electrical installations. This personnel must be fully familiar with the instructions and warnings contained in this manual and in other recommendations of a more general nature which are applicable to the situation according to current legislation [1]. The above must be carefully observed, as the correct and safe operation of this equipment depends not only on its design but also on general circumstances which are in general beyond the control and responsibility of the manufacturer. More specifically: The equipment must be handled and transported appropriately from the factory to the place of installation. All intermediate storage should occur in conditions which do not alter or damage the characteristics of the equipment or its essential components. Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating. The equipment must be operated strictly in accordance with the instructions given in the manual, and the applicable operating and safety principles must be clearly understood. Maintenance should be performed properly, taking into account the actual service and environmental conditions in the place of installation. The manufacturer declines all liability for any significant indirect damages resulting from violation of the guarantee, under any jurisdiction, including loss of income, stoppages and costs resulting from repair or replacement of parts. Warranty The manufacturer guarantees this product against any defect in materials and operation during the contractual period. In the event that defects are detected, the manufacturer may opt either to repair or replace the equipment. Improper handling of this equipment and its repair by the user shall constitute a violation of the warranty. Registered Trademarks and Copyrights All registered trademarks cited in this document are the property of their respective owners. The intellectual property of this manual belongs to Ormazabal. [1] For example, in Spain the Regulation on technical conditions and guarantees for safety in high-voltage electrical installations Royal Decree 337/2014 is obligatory. In view of the constant evolution in standards and design, the characteristics of the elements contained in this manual are subject to change without prior notice. These characteristics, as well as the availability of components, are subject to confirmation by Ormazabal.
General Instructions Contents Contents 1. General description...4 1.1. General operating features...5 1.2. Components....6 1.2.1. Electronic relay...6 1.2.2. Current sensors...7 1.2.3. Tripping and bistable trip coil...7 1.3. Communications and programming software 8 2. Applications...9 2.1. Remote controlled transformer and switching substations...9 2.2. Automatic reclosing of lines...10 2.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker....10 2.4. Transformer protection....11 2.5. Automatic transfer..........................12 2.6. Detection of a phase with earthing...12 2.7. Interlocks...13 2.7.1. Earthing prevention....13 2.7.2. Closure blocking with return voltage...13 3. Protection functions...14 3.1. Overcurrent....14 3.2. Ultra-sensitive earth device....17 4. Detection, automation and control functions...18 4.1. Recloser...18 4.2. Presence / Absence of voltage...19 4.3. Switch control...20 4.4. Remote control...20 5. Metering functions...21 5.1. Current.....................................21 5.2. Voltage...21 6. Sensors...22 6.1. Current sensors...22 6.1.1. Functional features of current sensors...23 6.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequence wiring...24 6.2. Voltage sensors...25 7. Technical characteristics...26 7.1. Rated values...26 7.2. Mechanical design...26 7.3. Insulation tests....26 7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility....26 7.5. Climatic tests...27 7.6. Mechanical tests...27 7.7. Power tests...27 7.8. CE conformity..............................27 8. Protection, metering and control models...28 8.1. Description of models vs. functions....28 8.1.1. ekor.rpg.ci....28 8.1.2. ekor.rpt.ci...28 8.2. Relay configurator...30 8.3. ekor.rpg.ci units...31 8.3.1. Functional description...31 8.3.2. Definition of inputs / outputs....31 8.3.3. Technical characteristics....34 8.3.4. Installation in a cubicle...35 8.3.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpg.ci....36 8.3.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers...37 8.3.7. Checking and maintenance...38 8.4. ekor.rpt.ci units....40 8.4.1. Functional description...40 8.4.2. Definition of inputs / outputs....40 8.4.3. Technical characteristics....41 8.4.4. Installation in a cubicle...45 8.4.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpt.ci...46 8.4.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers...47 8.4.7. Checking and maintenance...47 9. Settings and managing menus...48 9.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display...48 9.2. Display...49 9.3. Parameter setting...51 9.3.1. Protection parameters...51 9.3.2. Parameter setting menu....52 9.4. Trip recognition....55 9.5. Error codes...56 9.6. Recloser codes...56 9.7. Menu map (quick access)....57 10. Communications...60 10.1. Physical medium: RS 485 and optical fibre...60 10.2. MODBUS protocol...60 10.2.1. Read/write functions....61 10.2.2. PASSWORD-PROTECTED register write....62 10.2.3. CRC Generation...62 10.2.4. Register map...63 10.3. PROCOME protocol...67 10.3.1. Link level...67 10.3.2. Application level...69 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 3
General description General Instructions 1. General description The ekor.rp.ci (ekor.rpg.ci and ekor.rpt.ci) protection, metering and control units bring together an entire family of different equipment, which, depending on the model, may incorporate overcurrent protection functions as well as other functions such as local control, remote control, electrical parameter meter, presence and absence of voltage, automation, recloser, phase unbalance, cumulative breaking current value, etc., which are related to the current and future automation, control and protection of medium voltage electrical installations. The ekor.rp.ci units are equipped with outputs that enable the switch of the cubicle where the unit is installed to be opened and closed both locally and remotely, as well as with inputs that detect the status of this switch. Their use in Ormazabal s cgmcosmos and cgm.3 cubicle systems means specific products can be used for different requirements in the facilities. The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units have been designed to meet the national and international standard requirements and recommendations that are applied to each part that makes up the unit: Designed to be integrated in a cubicle, the ekor.rp.ci, units also provide the following advantages over conventional systems: 1. Reduction in handling of interconnections when installing the cubicle. The only necessary connection is reduced to the medium voltage cables. 2. Simplification of the control boxes installed on cubicles. 3. Voltage and current sensors are installed in the cubicle cable bushing. 4. Avoidance of wiring and installation errors; minimisation of commissioning time. 5. All the units are factory installed, adjusted and checked; each piece of equipment (relay + control + sensors) also undergoes a comprehensive check before being installed. The final unit tests are carried out once the unit is incorporated in the cubicle before delivery. 6. They protect a broad power range with the same model (e.g.: ekor.rpg-2002b from 160 kva up to 15 MVA, in cgmcosmos system cubicles). EN 60255, EN 61000, EN 62271-200, EN 60068, EN 60044, IEC 60255, IEC 61000, IEC 62271-200, IEC 60068, IEC 60044 Figure 1.1. Protection, metering and control units: ekor.sys family 4 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions General description 1.1. General operating features All the relays of the ekor.rp.ci units include a microprocessor for processing the signals from the metering sensors. They process voltage and current readings and eliminate the influence of transitory states, calculate the magnitudes required to ensure protection, presence or absence of voltage, automatic operation, etc. At the same time they calculate the efficient values of the electrical readings that report the instantaneous value of these parameters of the facility. They are equipped with keypad for local display, set-up and operation of the unit, as well as communication ports to handle these functions from a computer, whether locally or remotely. A user-friendly design has been employed, so that the use of the various menus is intuitive. Current metering is by means of several current sensors with a high transformation ratio, making it possible for the same equipment to detect a wide range of power levels. These transformers or current sensors maintain the accuracy class in all of their rated range. Voltage is detected by capturing the signal via a capacitor divider built into the cubicle bushing. The local interface uses menus to provide the instantaneous values of the current metering for each phase and zerosequence current, as well as the setting parameters, tripped unit (whether phase or earth), total number of trips, voltage detection parameters, etc. These can also be accessed through the communication ports. From a maintenance perspective, the ekor.rp.ci units have a series of features that reduce the time and the possibility of errors in the test and service restoration tasks. Among the main characteristics, the most prominent are the large diameter toroidal-core current transformers installed in the cubicle bushing, their built-in test bars to facilitate its testing and accessible terminal blocks for conducting current injection tests as well as checking the relay inputs and outputs. This configuration enables a comprehensive testing of the unit. Figure 1.2. ekor.sys family relays IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 5
General description General Instructions 1.2. Components The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control unit contains the following components: electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, auxiliary circuits (terminal block and wiring), the bistable trigger and the tripping coil. 1 Terminal block 2 ekor.rpg.ci electronic relay 3 Voltage and current sensors Figure 1.3. Example of installation of an ekor.rpg.ci unit in circuit breaker cubicles 1.2.1. Electronic relay The electronic relay has keys and a display to set and view the protection, metering and control parameters. The relay includes a seal on the <<SET>> key to ensure that once the settings have been made they cannot be changed unless the seal is broken. The protection trips are registered on the display with the following parameters: reason for tripping, fault current value, the tripping time and the time and date the event occurred. Unit errors are also permanently displayed. The "On" LED is activated when the equipment receives power from an external source. In this situation, the unit is operational to perform the protection functions. The voltage and current analogue signals are conditioned internally by small and very accurate transformers that isolate the electronic circuits from the rest of the installation. The equipment has two communication ports, one on the front used for local configuration (RS232), and another one on the rear used for remote control (RS485). A second rear F.O. port is available as an option. The standard communication protocols for all models are MODBUS and PROCOME. 1 "On" signalling LED 2 Signalling of reason for tripping 3 Metering and parameter setting display 4 SET key 5 Keyboard for scrolling through screens 6 RS232 front communication port Figure 1.4. Relay elements 6 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions General description 1.2.2. Current sensors The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a 300/1 A or 1000/1 A ratio, depending on the models. Their range of action is the same as the switchgear where they are installed. They are factory-installed in the cubicle bushings, which significantly simplifies the on-site assembly and connection. This way, once the medium voltage cables are connected to the cubicle, the installation protection is operational. Installation errors of the sensors, due to earth grids, polarities, etc., are removed upon installation and checked directly at the factory. The inner diameter of the toroidal-core current transformers is 82 mm, which means they can be used in cables of up to 400 mm 2 without any problems for performing maintenance testing afterwards. All the current sensors have integrated protection against the opening of secondary circuits, which prevents overvoltages. 1 Current sensors 2 Bushing Figure 1.5. Location of the current sensors 1.2.3. Tripping and bistable trip coil The bistable trigger is an electromechanical actuator that is integrated into the switch driving mechanism. This trigger acts upon the switch when there is a protection trip. It is characterised by the low actuation power it requires for tripping. This power is delivered in pulses in order to ensure that the switch opens. The operations ordered by the ekor.rp.ci unit outputs are performed by means of conventional tripping coils. This way, a redundant and therefore more reliable operational system is achieved. Figure 1.6. Tripping Coil IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 7
General description General Instructions 1.3. Communications and programming software All the ekor.rp.ci units have two serial communication ports. The standard RS232 front port is used to set the parameters with the ekor.soft programme [2]. At the rear, there is an RS485 port which is used for remote control. This remote control connection uses twisted pair wiring and, if desired, optical fibre. The standard communication protocols implemented in all equipment are MODBUS-RTU (binary) transmission mode and PROCOME, although other specific protocols can be implemented depending on the application. The ekor.soft set-up programme has four main operating modes: 1. Display: indicates the unit status, including electrical readings, current settings, date and time. 2. User settings: allows the protection or fault detection parameters to be changed. 3. Logs: displays both the parameters of the last and penultimate detected fault and the total number of trips executed by the protection unit or the total number of faults detected by the corresponding integrated control unit. 4. Test mode: allows information to be generated on the unit inputs/outputs, without direct electrical interaction with the switchgear adjoining terminal block, so that it can be sent to the dispatching centre without cutting off the power. Minimum system requirements for installing and using the ekor.soft software: 1. Processor: Pentium II 2. RAM: 32 Mb 3. Operating system: MS Windows 4. CD-ROM / DVD drive 5. RS-232 serial port 1 ekor.ccp 2 ekor.bus 3 ekor.rci 4 ekor.rci 5 ekor.rpt 6 ekor.rpg Figure 1.7. Intercommunicated units of the ekor.sys family Figure 1.8. ekor.soft screens [2] For more information about the ekor.soft programme, see Ormazabal's IG-155-EN document. 8 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Applications 2. Applications 2.1. Remote controlled transformer and switching substations The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units make it possible to handle remote control applications of the transformer and switching substations, by implementing the control and monitoring of each switch through the units associated with each functional unit. The remote control applications are rounded off with the built-in ekor.rci control unit associated to the line functions [3]. Units that include this remote controlling function: Unit Type of cubicle Maximum rated current ekor.rpt Fuse-combination switch 250 A ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 630 A Table 2.1. ekorunits. rpt and ekor.rpg 1 Power supply 2 Communications 3 Remote control cabinet + ekor.ccp 4 Remote controlled switching substation Figure 2.1. Remote controlled switching substation The use of a remote control terminal and ekor.rp.ci units enable the user to visualise and operate each position remotely thanks to the inputs and outputs available for this purpose. Figure 2.2. Viewing the stations remotely [3] See document IG-158 by Ormazabal. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 9
Applications General Instructions 2.2. Automatic reclosing of lines The reclosing function performs the automatic reclosing of lines once the protection unit has commanded the trip and the switch has opened. This is always associated to cubicles with Ormazabal circuit breaker. The protection units with automatic reclosing have a series of advantages over protections without reclosing: 1. They reduce the time in which electrical power is interrupted. 2. They avoid the need to locally re-establish the service in substations without remote control for temporary faults. 3. They reduce the fault time using a combination of rapid switch trips and automatic reclosings, which results in lesser damage caused by the fault and generates a lesser number of permanent faults derived from temporary faults. The unit that includes this function is: Unit Type of cubicle Maximum rated current ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 630 A Table 2.2. Recloser function 2.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker The purpose of the line protection is to isolate this part of the network in the case of fault, without it affecting the rest of the lines. In a general way, it covers any faults that originate between the substation, transformer substation or switching substation and the consumption points. The types of fault that occur in these areas of the network depend primarily on the nature of the line, overhead line or cable and the neutral used. In networks with overhead lines, the majority of faults are temporary, which makes many line reclosings effective; in these cases, the reclosing function associated with circuitbreakers is used. Figure 2.3. Feeder protection This is not the case for underground cables where faults are usually permanent. On the other hand, in the case of phase-to-earth faults in overhead lines, when the ground resistance is very high, the zero-sequence fault currents have a very low value In these cases, an "ultrasensitive" neutral current detection is required. The underground cables have earth coupling capacities, which causes the single phase faults to include capacitive currents. This phenomenon makes detection difficult in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks and thus requires the use of the directional function. 10 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Applications Line protection is mainly accomplished by the following functions: 1. 50 Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases. 2. 51 Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the installation. 3. 50N Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase-toearth short-circuits. 4. 51N Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth. 5. 50Ns Ultra-sensitive earth instantaneous overcurrent. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits of very low value. 6. 51Ns Ultra-sensitive earth leakage protection. Protects against highly resistive faults between phase and earth of very low value. 7. 79 Recloser. This enables the automatic reclosing of lines. The unit which provides the line protection functions is: Unit ekor.rpg Table 2.3. Type of cubicle Automatic circuitbreaker Line protection with circuit-breaker Maximum rated current 630 A 2.4. Transformer protection The distribution transformers require various protection functions. Their selection depends primarily on the power and level of responsibility they have in the installation. As an example, the protection functions that must be implemented to protect distribution transformers with a power rating between 160 kva and 2 MVA are the following: 1. 50 Instantaneous phase overcurrent. Protects against short-circuits between phases in the primary circuit, or high value short-circuit currents between phases on the secondary side. This function is performed by the fuses when the protection cubicle does not include a circuit-breaker. 2. 51 Phase overload. Protects against excessive overloads, which can deteriorate the transformer, or against shortcircuits in several turns of the primary winding. 3. 50N Instantaneous earth fault. Protects against phase to earth short-circuits or secondary winding short-circuits, from the interconnections and windings in the primary circuit. 4. 51N Earth leakage. Protects against highly resistive faults from the primary circuit to earth or to the secondary circuit. 5. 49T Thermometer. Protects against excessive transformer temperature. The protection units that include the protection functions are: cgmcosmos cgm.3 system system Unit Type of cubicle Power ranges to protect Fusecombination ekor.rpt 50 kva...2000 kva 50 kva...1250 kva switch ekor.rpg Circuit-breaker 50 kva...15 MVA 50 kva...25 MVA See tables of sections 8.3.3 and 8.4.3 Table 2.4. Protection units Figure 2.4. Transformer and protection cubicle with users 1 Busbars 2 Overcurrent protection 3 Thermometer Figure 2.5. Transformer protection IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 11
Applications General Instructions 2.5. Automatic transfer The automatic transfer of lines with circuit-breakers minimises power outages in loads fed by transformer or switching substations with more than one incoming line, thereby improving the continuity of service. Under normal conditions with voltage present on two possible incoming lines, the switch selected as preferred remains closed and the reserve one is opened. A voltage drop in the preferred line will cause the switch of this line to open and the reserve switch to close afterwards. Once normality has been re-established in the preferred line, the inverse cycle is performed and the system returns to its initial status. Figure 2.6. Automatic transfer 2.6. Detection of a phase with earthing In networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral, the fault currents are very low. In the event of a fault in a system of this type, the fault current may not reach the set threshold for overcurrent protection, and therefore this fault may not be detected. A programmed logic, which analyses both the installation's voltage and its current, is used for detecting this type of fault. Figure 2.7. Detection of a phase with earthing 12 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Applications 2.7. Interlocks 2.7.1. Earthing prevention The earthing prevention interlock does not allow the cubicle earthing switch to close when voltage is detected in the line. If the voltage presence/absence detection function of the integrated control unit detects voltage, an electromechanical interlock associated to this operation is activated. Figure 2.8. Earthing prevention 2.7.2. Closure blocking with return voltage Through this functionality, any closing attempt can be avoided when return voltage is detected in the line output. Additionally, the reclosing attempts can be determined by the presence of voltage in the line. Figure 2.9. Closure blocking with return voltage IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 13
Protection functions General Instructions 3. Protection functions 3.1. Overcurrent The units have an overcurrent function for each one of the phases (3 x 50-51) and, depending on the model, they may have another one for earth (50N-51N). The implemented protection curves are the ones listed in standard IEC 60255. Overcurrent functions that can be performed depending on the model: 1. Overload multicurve protection for phases (51) 2. Protection of phase-to-earth multicurve faults (51N) 3. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phases (50) 4. Short-circuit protection (instantaneous) at a defined time between phase and earth (50N) Meaning of the curve parameters for phase settings: t(s) Theoretical tripping time for a fault which evolves with a constant current value I Actual current flowing through the phase with the largest amplitude I n Rated setting current I> Withstand overload increment K Curve factor I>> Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous) T>> Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous) 5. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x I nx I> 6. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x I nx I> 7. Instantaneous pick-up current value = I nx I> x I>> In the case of earth settings, the parameters are similar to the phase settings. Each of them is described below: t o(s) Theoretical tripping time for an earth fault which evolves with a constant current value I 0 I o Actual current flowing to earth I n Rated phase setting current I o> Withstand earth leakage factor with regard to phase K o Curve factor I o>> Short-circuit current factor (instantaneous) T o>> Short-circuit delay time (instantaneous) 8. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1 x I nx I o>. 9. Pick-up current value of DT curve = 1.0 x I nx I o> 10. Instantaneous pick-up current value = I nx I o> x I o>> 14 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection functions Phase time delay: t(s) 0,14* K = 0,02 I In* I > 1 Phase time delay: t(s) 13,5* K = 1 I In* I > 1 Earth time delay: t 0 (s) 0,14* K 0 = 0,02 I 0 In* I 0 > 1 Earth time delay: t 0 (s) 13,5* K 0 = 1 I 0 In* I 0 > 1 Figure 3.1. Normally inverse curve Figure 3.2. Very inverse curve IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 15
Protection functions General Instructions Phase time delay: t(s) 80 * K = 2 Earth time delay: t 0 (s) I In* I > 80 * K 0 = 2 I 0 In* I 0 > 1 1 Phase time delay: t(s) = 5 * K Earth time delay: t 0 (s) = 5 * K 0 Figure 3.4. Defined time curve Figure 3.3. Extremely inverse curve 16 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection functions 3.2. Ultra-sensitive earth device This protection corresponds to a particular type of overcurrent protections. It is primarily used in networks with isolated or resonant earthed neutral, where the phaseto-earth fault current value depends on the system cable capacity value and on the point in which the fault occurs. Generally, in Medium Voltage private installations with short cable stretches, simply determine a minimum zerosequence current threshold at which the protection must trip. The ultra-sensitive protection is also used in highly resistive soils, since the earth fault values are very low. The current flowing to earth is detected using a toroidal-core current transformer which covers the three phases. In this way, the metering is independent from the phase current, thus avoiding errors in the phase metering transformers. In general, this type of protection must be used when the set earth current is less than 10% of the rated phase current (e.g.: for a rated phase current of 400 A with earth faults below 40 A). On the other hand, in the lines, whose cable stretches are usually long, it is necessary to identify the fault direction. Otherwise, trips can occur due to capacitive currents from other lines, when there is not any fault in the line. 1 Voltage and current sensors 2 0-sequence toroidal transformer Figure 3.5. Sensors The available curves are: normally inverse (NI), very inverse (VI), extremely inverse (EI) and defined time (DT). The setting parameters are the same as in the earth faults of the overcurrent functions (section 3.1. Overcurrent ), with the exception that factor I o > is replaced with the value directly in amps I g. This way, this parameter can be set to very low earth current values, regardless of the phase setting current. 1. Pick-up current value of NI, VI, and EI curves = 1.1x I g 2. Pick-up current value of DT curve = I g 3. Instantaneous pick-up current value = I gx I o >> IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 17
Detection, automation and control functions General Instructions 4. Detection, automation and control functions 4.1. Recloser The reclosing function is implemented in the ekor.rpg.ci units, which are used in circuit-breaker protection cubicles. This allows the automatic reclosing of lines once any protection units has sent the trip command and the switch has opened. This function is primarily used in overhead lines, where a great number of faults are usually temporary (electrical arcs due to the proximity between two conductors caused by the wind, tree falling on lines, etc.). Temporary faults can be cleared by momentarily de-energising the line. Once enough time has elapsed to deionise the air, there is a very high probability that the fault will not re-occur when power is re-established. The recloser installed in the ekor.rpg.ci protection, metering and control unit is three-pole type recloser with simultaneous reclosing for all three phases. The recloser can execute up to four reclosing attempts and, for each of them, it is possible to define a different "reclosing time", T 1R to T 4R. The reclosing cycle starts when the recloser is activated and a protection trip occurs. Under these conditions, the relay waits for the first reclosing time and sends a command signal for the switch to close. When the switch closes, the blocking time delay starts counting. The reclosing is considered successful if, once the blocking time delay has elapsed, the fault disappears after the switch closes. Any trip that occurs afterwards is considered to be caused by a new fault and the first reclosing time delay restarts. If after the first switch closing, a new trip occurs before the blocking time delay has elapsed, it is considered to be caused by the same fault. The function thus starts the time delay of the second reclosing. The logic explained in the paragraph above will continue to be applied until the number of configured reclosings is exhausted. This means that the fault is permanent and it will change to the final trip condition. Setting parameters of the reclosing function: 1. 79_h : reclosing function enabled or disabled. 2. "Reclosing time", T 1R to T 4R: time elapsed from the protection trip until the command to reclose is sent. For each one of the reclosing commands, from the first to the fourth, it enables a different time delay to be defined, T 1R to T 4R. If any of the reclosing times is equal to zero, the recloser will recognise that neither this reclosing cycle nor any other reclosing cycle afterwards is available, even though the next time delay is configured. For example, a recloser with time delays configured at T 1R = 0.3, T 2R = 15, T 3R = 0 and T 4R = 210, will execute two reclosing attempts; one at 300 ms and the other at 15 s. 3. The "blocking time" (Tb) parameter defines the time elapsed from when the recloser sends the closing command until it is ready to start a new cycle. If a trip occurs during this time, the next reclosing process starts. If the maximum number of reclosings is reached, the recloser sequence ends (final trip). 4. The "blocking time after manual closing" (Tbm) parameter is defined as the time that elapses until the recloser changes to the standby condition after a manual closing operation, whether local or remote. If a trip occurs during this time period, the recloser will signal final trip due to manual closing against short-circuit. 5. Protection unit to be reclosed : In the reclosing function, it is possible to configure in which protection units a reclosing cycle should start and which units do not cause an automatic reclosing of the line. 18 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Detection, automation and control functions The setting parameters are listed in the following table: Settings Variable Range Activate / De-activate the reclosing function 79_h ON/OFF 0= no reclosings 1st reclosing delay T 1R 0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) 0= end of reclosings 2nd reclosing delay T 2R 15.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) 0= end of reclosings 3rd reclosing delay T 3R 60.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) 0= end of reclosings 4th reclosing delay T 4R 180.0 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) Blocking time Tb 0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) Manual lockout blocking time Tbm 0.1 to 999.9 s (steps of 0.1) R50 Reclosing by unit 50: ON/OFF Protection unit to be reclosed R51 Reclosing by unit 51: ON/OFF R50N Reclosing by unit 50N: ON/OFF R51N Reclosing by unit 51N: ON/OFF Table 4.1. Recloser 4.2. Presence / Absence of voltage This function enables the presence or absence of voltage to be detected in those lines where the ekor.rp.ci units are installed. The metering is carried out by using the capacitive coupling of the cubicle bushings. Thus, conventional voltage transformer systems are not required. Furthermore, it has the advantage of detecting voltage in the line itself without using LV from auxiliary services, which could cause errors in the display. The ekor.rp.ci units individually detect the presence or absence of voltage in each of the line phases. For this purpose, there are three input signals, one per phase. The ekor.rp.ci units detect the presence of voltage in each of the phases, when the metered voltage exceeds 70% of the voltage defined as "line voltage (U r )", for longer than the value set as "voltage time delay (T U ). Likewise, the unit detects the absence of voltage when the voltage drops below 70% of the line voltage for more than T U seconds. The "line voltage" parameter is the rated phase-to-phase operating voltage of the MV line. 1. U r: Line voltage. From 3 kv to 36 kv in steps of 0.1 kv. Figure 4.1. Detection of voltage presence 2. T U: Voltage time delay. From 0.05 s to 0.1 s in steps of 0.01 s. From 0.1 s to 2.5 s in steps of 0.1 s. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 19
Detection, automation and control functions General Instructions 4.3. Switch control The ekor.rp.ci units are equipped with inputs and outputs to operate the switch of the cubicle where it is installed, and monitoring functions that detect the current status of the primary circuit. The unit ensures that the switch operation is performed within the time allowed by the switchgear. In the event of a switchgear failure, the power supply to the driving mechanism is cut off. This prevents a switchgear failure from causing a total loss of control over the entire substation. The ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units also display the earthing switch position. Moreover, the unit can monitor the tripping and closing circuit. The switch can be controlled locally from the ekor.rp.ci keypad, through a PC with ekor.soft connected to the front port of the unit, or by remote control through a communication bus. 1 Control terminal block Figure 4.2. Switch control 4.4. Remote control The ekor.rp.ci units have two serial communication ports, of which one of them is used for remote control following the RS-485 standard. This can be connected on the same bus with a maximum of 32 pieces of equipment. The RS485 port has a connection for twisted-pair wiring and for optical fibre as an option. The remote control terminal of the transformer or switching substation sends the coded frames for each ekor.rp.ci unit. The only connection between each cubicle and the remote control terminal is the communication bus (whether via optical fibre or twisted pair). The communication between the communications terminal and the dispatching centre depends on the protocol used. Some of the functions available through remote control: 1. Display of switch status 2. Display of earthing switch position 3. Switch operation 4. Switch failure monitoring 5. Coil monitoring 6. Phase and zero sequence current metering I1, I2, I3 and I0 7. Display of voltage presence / absence in each phase L1, L2 and L3 8. Display and setting of protection and voltage detection parameters. 9. Log of faults 10. Time synchronisation 11. Error indications 20 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Metering functions 5. Metering functions 5.1. Current The current values measured by the ekor.rp.ci units correspond to the efficient values of each of the phases I 1, I 2 and I 3. 8 samples from a half-period are used and the mean of 5 consecutive values is calculated. This reading is updated every second. It offers class 1 meter accuracy, from 5 A up to 120% of the current sensor s maximum rated range. Zero-sequence current metering is carried out in the same way as the phase currents. 1. Current meters: I 1, I 2, I 3 and I o Figure 5.1. Metering functions 5.2. Voltage As for the voltage metering, the ekor.rp.ci units indicate the presence or absence of voltage in lines where they are installed, in an individualised way for each of the line phases. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 21
Sensors General Instructions 6. Sensors 6.1. Current sensors The electronic current transformers are designed for optimal adaptation to digital equipment technology, with a slight modification of the secondary interface. Therefore, the protection, metering and control equipment for these sensors operate with the same algorithms and with the same consistency as conventional devices. The low power outputs from the sensors can be adapted to standard values using external amplifiers. In this way, it is possible to use conventional equipment or electronic relays. Main advantages derived from the use of sensor based systems: 1. Small volume. The decreased power consumption of these transformers enables drastic reduction of their volume. 2. Improved accuracy. Signal acquisition is much more accurate due to high transformation ratios. 3. Wide range. It is not necessary to replace the sensors with others with higher ratios when the power of the facility is increased. 4. Greater safety. Open-air live parts are eliminated to enhance personnel safety. 5. Greater reliability. Comprehensive insulation of the entire facility provides greater levels of protection against external agents. 6. Easy maintenance. It is not necessary to disconnect the sensors when the cable or cubicle is being tested. Figure 6.1. Current sensor 22 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Sensors 6.1.1. Functional features of current sensors The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers with a high transformation ratio and low rated burden. These sensors are encapsulated in self-extinguishing polyurethane resin. Phase toroidal core current transformers Range 5-100 A Range: 15-630 A Ratio 300/1 A 1000/1 A Metering range for Cl 0.5 3-390 A Extd. 130% 5-1300 A Extd. 130% Accuracy at 3 A: 0.4% in amplitude and 85 min in phase at 5 A: 0.35% in amplitude and 25 min in phase Protection 5P20 5P20 Metering Class 0.5 Class 0.5 Burden 0.18 VA 0.2 VA Thermal current 31.5 ka 3 s 31.5 ka 3 s Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 ka) 2.5Ith (80 ka) Saturation current 7800 A 26 000 A Frequency 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz Isolation 0.72 / 3 kv 0.72 / 3 kv Exterior diameter 139 mm 139 mm Inner diameter 82 mm 82 mm Height 38 mm 38 mm Weight 1.350 kg 1.650 kg Polarity S1 blue, S2 brown S1 blue, S2 brown Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane Thermal class B (130 C) B (130 C) Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1 Table 6.1. Current sensors Figure 6.3. 0-sequence toroidal transformer Figure 6.2. Phase toroidal transformer IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 23
Sensors General Instructions 6.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequence wiring The wiring of the aforesaid transformers is performed in two different ways, depending on whether they are fitted with a zero-sequence toroidal current transformer or not. As a general rule the zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used when the earth fault current is a below 10% of the rated phase current. Figure 6.4. Detection of earth current by vector sum Figure 6.5. Detection of earth current by zero-sequence toroidal transformer Zero-Sequence Toroidal Current Transformers Range 5-100 A Range: 15-630 A Ratio 300/1 A 1000/1 A Metering range 0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130% 0.5 A to 50 A Extd. 130% Protection 5P10 5P10 Metering Class 3 Class 3 Burden 0.2 VA 0.2 VA Thermal current 31.5 ka 3 s 31.5 ka 3 s Dynamic current 2.5Ith (80 ka) 2.5Ith (80 ka) Saturation current 780 A 780 A Frequency 50-60 Hz 50-60 Hz Isolation 0.72 / 3 kv 0.72 / 3 kv Exterior dimensions 330 x 105 mm 330 x 105 mm Inner dimensions 272 x 50 mm 272 x 50 mm Height 41 mm 41 mm Weight 0.98 kg 0.98 kg Polarity S1 blue, S2 brown S1 blue, S2 brown Encapsulation Self-extinguishing polyurethane Self-extinguishing polyurethane Thermal class B (130 C) B (130 C) Reference standard IEC 60044-1 IEC 60044-1 Table 6.2. Zero-sequence current sensors 24 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Sensors 6.2. Voltage sensors The cubicle voltage is detected using a capacitor divider incorporated in the cubicle s bushings. Figure 6.6. Voltage detection IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 25
Technical characteristics General Instructions 7. Technical characteristics 7.1. Rated values Power supply AC 24 V ac...120 V ac ±20 % 5 VA DC 24 V dc...120 V dc ±30 % 2.5 W Current inputs Primary phase 5 A...630 A (depending on model) Earth 0.5 A...50 A (depending on model) I thermal/dynamic 20 ka/50 ka Impedance 0.1 Ω Accuracy Time delay 5% (minimum 20 ms) Metering / Protection Class 1 / 5P20 Frequency 50 Hz; 60 Hz ±1 % Output contacts Voltage 270 V ac Current 5 A (AC) Switching power 750 VA (resistive load) Temperature Operation -40 C...+60 C Storage -40 C...+70 C Communications Front port DB9 RS232 Rear port RS485 (5 kv) RJ45 RS485-Optical Fibre Protocol MODBUS (RTU)/ PROCOME Table 7.1. Rated values 7.2. Mechanical design IP rating Terminals IP2X In cubicle IP3X Dimensions (h x w x d) 146x47x165 mm Weight 0.3 kg Wiring Cable/Termination 0.5...2.5 m 2 Table 7.2. Mechanical design 7.3. Insulation tests IEC 60255-5 Insulation resistance 500 V dc: >10 GΩ Dielectric strength 2 kv ac; 50 Hz; 1 min Voltage pulses: Standard 5 kv; 1.2/50 µs; 0.5 J Differential 1 kv; 1.2/50 µs; 0.5 J Table 7.3. Insulation tests 7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility IEC 60255-11 Voltage dips 100 ms Ripple 12% IEC 60255-22-1 Damped wave 1 MHz 2.5 kv; 1 kv IEC 60255-22-2 Electrostatic discharges 8 kv air (IEC 61000-4-2, class III) 6 kv contact Continues on the next page 26 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Technical characteristics Continuation IEC 60255-22-4 IEC 60255-22-5 IEC 60255-22-6 Bursts - fast transients (IEC 61000-4-4) Overvoltage pulses (IEC 61000-4-5) Induced radio frequency signals (IEC 61000-4-6) ± 4 kv 2 kv; 1 kv 150 khz...80 MHz IEC 61000-4-8 Magnetic fields 100 A/m; 50 Hz constant 1000 A/m; 50 Hz, 2 s IEC 61000-4-12 Sinusoidal damped wave 2.5 kv; 1 kv IEC 60255-25 Radiated emissions 30 MHz...1 GHz (EN61000-6-4) Conducted emissions 150 khz...30 MHz Table 7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility 7.5. Climatic tests IEC 60068-2-1 Slow changes. Cold -40 C; 960 min IEC 60068-2-2 Slow changes. Heat +60 C; 960 min +70 C; 960 min IEC 60068-2-78 Damp heat, continuous test +40 C; 93%; 5760 min IEC 60068-2-30 Damp heat cycles +40 C, 2 cycles Table 7.5. Climatic tests 7.6. Mechanical tests IEC 60255-21-1 Sinusoidal vibration. Response 10-150 Hz; 1 g Sinusoidal vibration. Endurance 10-150 Hz; 2 g IEC 60255-21-2 Shock. Response 11 ms; 5 g Shock. Endurance 11 ms; 15 g Shock. Endurance 16 ms; 10 g Table 7.6. Mechanical tests 7.7. Power tests IEC 60265 No-load cable making and breaking 24 kv/50 A/cosφ = 0.1 IEC 60265 Mainly active load making and breaking 24 kv/630 A/cosφ = 0.7 IEC 60265 Earth faults 24 kv/200 A/50 A No-load transformer making and breaking 13.2 kv /250 A/1250 kva IEC 60056 Short-circuit making and breaking 20 ka/1 s Table 7.7. Power tests 7.8. CE conformity This product complies with the European Union directive 2014/30/EU on electromagnetic compatibility, and with the IEC 60255 international regulations. The unit has been designed and manufactured for use in industrial areas, in accordance with EMC standards. This conformity is a result of the test carried out in accordance with article 7 of the Directive. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 27
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8. Protection, metering and control models 8.1. Description of models vs. functions 8.1.1. ekor.rpg.ci Distribution general protection unit installed in circuitbreaker cubicles. It has the following functions: overcurrent protection, recloser, etc.the main applications are: general protection of lines, private installations, transformers, capacitor stacks, etc. The unit has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and control. They can protect a power range from 50 kva up to 400 kva (630 kva for cgm.3 system cubicles), when they include toroidal-core current transformers from 5 A to 100 A. With 15 A to 630 A toroidal-core current transformers, they offer a power range between 160 kva and 15 MVA (25 MVA for cgm.3 system cubicles). Figure 8.1. ekor.rpg.ci 8.1.2. ekor.rpt.ci Distribution transformer protection unit installed in fusecombination switch cubicles. The electronic unit performs all the protection functions except for the high value polyphase short-circuits that occur in the transformer s primary. It has inputs and outputs for switch monitoring and control. The unit can protect a power range from 50 kva up to 2000 kva in cgmcosmos system cubicles and from 50 kva up to 1250 kva in cgm.3 system cubicles. Figure 8.2. ekor.rpt.ci 28 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units. ekor.rpt.ci ekor.rpg.ci General Phase current sensors 3 3 Earth (zero-sequence) current sensor Op Op Voltage sensors 3 3 Time synchronisation Yes Yes Power supply 24 V dc...125 V dc/24 V ac...110 V ac Yes Yes Self-powered No No Protection Phase overcurrent (50-51) Yes Yes Earth leakage overcurrent (50N-51N) Op Op Ultra-sensitive earth leakage (50 Ns-51 Ns) Op Op Voltage Detection of voltage presence / absence Yes Yes Detection, automation and control 5 inputs / 7 outputs* Op Op 10 inputs / 4 outputs* Op Op Recloser No Yes Communications MODBUS-RTU Yes Yes PROCOME Yes Yes RS-232 configuration port Yes Yes RS-485 port for remote control via twisted pair Yes Yes RS-485 port for remote control via optical fibre Op Op ekor.soft set-up and monitoring programme Op Op Indications Tripping cause indication Yes Yes Error indication Yes Yes Test Test blocks for current injection No Yes Metering Current Yes Yes Presence / Absence of voltage Yes Yes * Both options are not cumulative. The availability of one or the other depends on the model. Op-optional Table 8.1. ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 29
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.2. Relay configurator The following configurator will be used to select the ekor.rp.ci unit in accordance with the installation characteristics: ekor.rp B Type: g For protection cubicle with circuit-breaker T For protection cubicle with fuses Protection functions: 10 Three phases (3 x 50/51) (1) 20 Three phases and neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 N/51 N) (1) 30 Three phases and sensitive neutral (3 x 50/51 + 50 Ns/51 Ns) (1) Inputs / Outputs 0.- 5 inputs / 7 outputs 1 5 inputs / 7 outputs, with coil monitoring 2.- 10 inputs / 4 outputs Toroidal-core current transformers: 0 Without toroidals 1 Range 5-100 A 2 Range 15-630 A Power supply: B Auxiliary power supply (Battery, UPS, etc.) (1) (+79) in the case of relays ekor.rpg.ci for circuit-breaker cubicles. Example: In the case of a relay for a protection cubicle with circuit-breaker, with functions 3 x 50/51 + 50Ns/51Ns and toroidal transformers with a range of 5-100 A and 5 inputs / 7 outputs, the corresponding configurator would be ekor.rpg-3001b 30 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models 8.3. ekor.rpg.ci units 8.3.1. Functional description The ekor.rpg.ci unit focuses on general protection of the lines, private installations, transformers, etc. It is installed in circuit-breaker cubicles, meaning all protection functions are performed by the electronic unit. When an overcurrent within the relay operational value range is detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the circuit-breaker. 1 Terminal block 2 ekor.rpg.ci electronic relay 3 Voltage and current sensors Figure 8.3. Example of installation of an ekor.rpg.ci unit in circuit breaker cubicles 8.3.2. Definition of inputs / outputs The ekor.rpg.ci protection, metering and control units incorporate a series of physical inputs and outputs that are isolated from the rest of independent circuits. Signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs model: Physical inputs Physical outputs E1 External trip S1 Trip indication E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog E3 Reclos. status (With a rising edge switching between the reclos. S3 Phase trip (50/51) status ON/OFF) E4 General purpose S4 Earth trip (50N/51 N) E5 General purpose S5 Switch error S6 Opening sequence S7 Closing sequence Table 8.2. Five inputs and seven outputs model IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 31
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions Signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs with coil monitoring model: Physical inputs Physical outputs E1 Reclos. status (With a rising edge switching between the reclos. S1 Trip indication status ON/OFF) E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog (WD) E3 Monitor. Coil. Close open S3 Recloser final trip E4 Monitor. Coil. Close closed S4 Recloser disabled E5 Monitor. Coil. Opening S5 Switch error S6 Opening sequence S7 Closing sequence Table 8.3. Five inputs and seven outputs model with coil monitoring Signals available for the ten inputs and four outputs models: Physical inputs Physical outputs E1 External trip S1 Trip indication E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog E3 Switch open S3 Opening sequence E4 Disconnector in busbar position S4 Closing sequence E5 Disconnector in open position E6 Switch in earthing position E7 Springs loaded E8 Anti-pumping relay E9* Monitoring of the closing coil (in the open and closed positions) E10* Monitoring of the opening coil (in the open and closed positions) * where, E9 and E10 must be associated with the monitoring of the opening and closing coils. Table 8.4. Ten inputs and four outputs models The specific functions of the inputs and outputs depend on the installation and can be different to that shown in the tables above. Please see the installation diagrams to check the specific functions of these inputs and outputs. 32 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models The diagram below shows the relay inputs and outputs, signals that can be accessed from the ekor.rpg.ci terminal block, for models with 5 inputs and 7 outputs and for models with 10 inputs and 4 outputs. The remote inputs and outputs, settings, parameters, readings, etc., are only accessible by communications protocol. Figure 8.4. ekor.rp.ci relay inputs and outputs diagram 5 inputs and 7 outputs 1 ekor.bus 2 Switch status. Earthing. Recloser status 3 Trip signal. Open the switch. Close the switch. Error (WD)... 4 Open. Close. Trip signal... 5 Parameters. Settings 6 Switch status. Recloser status. Voltage. Current... Figure 8.6. Communications protocol Figure 8.5. ekor.rpg.ci relay inputs and outputs diagram 10 inputs and 4 outputs IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 33
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.3.3. Technical characteristics The ekor.rpg.ci protection unit is used to protect the following power ratings: Line voltage [kv] ekor.rpg with toroidals 5-100 A Min. P. [kva] [kva] ekor.rpg with toroidals 15-630 A Max. P. [kva] 6.6 50 160 5000 10 100 200 7500 12 100 315 10 000 13.2 100 315 10 000 15 100 315 12 000 20 160 400 15 000 25 (1) 200 630 20 000 30 (1) 250 630 25 000 (1) For cgm.3system cubicles. Table 8.5. Powers to protect The process to select the ekor.rpg.ci unit protection parameters in protection cubicles with circuit breaker by Ormazabal is as follows: 1. Determine the system power to be protected and select the ekor.rpg.ci model in accordance with the table above. 2. Calculate the rated current In= S/ 3 x U n. 3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kva are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations. 4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve. 5. Define the delay in transient overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer's thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trip can be delayed longer. The normal value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve. 6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kva) has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much less. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10. This value may be lower in the case of general protections for several machines. 7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurring. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s. In the case of a general protection for two transformers, 1000 kva each: S = 2000 kva, U n =15 kv The steps to follow for proper setting of the protection relay are the following: 1. Rated current. I n = S/ 3xU n = 2000 kva/ 3 x 15 kv @ 77 A 2. Continuous withstand overload 20%. I n x I> = 77 A x 1.2 @ 92 A 3. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I. 4. Transitory overload factor. K = 0.2 5. Short-circuit level. I n x I> x I>> = 77 A x 1.2 x 10 @ 924 A 6. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0.1 s The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the network where the equipment is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. In the isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, when the fault value is very low, in other words, when the earth protection is set to a value below 10% of the rated phase current, it is recommended that an ultrasensitive earth protection be used. 34 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models The values of the setting parameters must guarantee selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, a single parameterisation does not exist; each case requires a specific parameterisation. In general, for machines up to 2000 kva, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.) Phase Setting Rated current Curve Instantaneous I> K I>> T>> I n=s/ 3xU n = 77 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 10 0.1 Table 8.6. Phase adjustment parameters Earth Setting Type of neutral Curve Instantaneous I o > K o I o >> T o >> Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0.1 Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1/Ig = 2 A* 0.2 5 0.2 * When a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used. Table 8.7. Earth adjustment parameters 8.3.4. Installation in a cubicle The main components of the ekor.rpg.ci units are the electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, the bistable trigger, the tripping coil and the terminal block. The electronic relay is fastened to the cubicle control panel. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the mechanism enclosure. The rear contains both the X1 and X2 connectors (refer to section8.3.5), as well as the wiring that connects it to the voltage and current sensors and to the terminal block. The signals that are operational for the user are located on a terminal block that can be short-circuited and accessed from the upper part of the cubicle. This enables use of conventional current injection equipment to test the protection relays. The role of the shortable terminal block for connecting the user is described below. Terminals Designation Functionality Normal use I1, I3, I5, I7, I9, I11 IP1, IP2, IP3, etc. Secondary current circuit shortable and disconnectable terminals. Current injection for relay tests through the secondary circuit. Table 8.8. Shortable terminal block function IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 35
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.3.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpg.ci The single-line diagram shows the electrical connections between the various parts of the ekor.rpg.ci. protection, metering and control units. Figure 8.7. Single-line diagram 36 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models Figure 8.8. ekor.rpg.ci front and rear view 1 ekor.rpg.ci relay configuration interconnection 2 DB-9 Male (relay) 3 DB-9 Female (PC) 4 RS485 communications connection Figure 8.9. Front and back connections diagram ekor.rpg.ci 8.3.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers In cubicles with circuit breaker, the current transformers are installed in the cubicle's bushing. There are therefore no problems with connection errors in the earthing grid. Additionally, these toroidal-core current transformers are equipped with a test connection for maintenance operations. The terminals that can be used with the toroidal-core current transformers mounted in the bushings are as follows: Manufacturer Rated current [A] 12 kv Type of connector 12 kv crosssection [mm 2 ] 24 kv Type of connector 24 kv crosssection [mm 2 ] 36 kv Type of connector 36 kv crosssection [mm 2 ] EUROMOLD 400 400TE 70-300 K-400TE 25-300 - - 630 400LB 50-300 K-400LB 50-300 - - 630 400TB 70-300 K-400TB 35-300 M-400TB 25-240 630 440TB 185-630 K-440TB 185-630 M-440TB 185-630 Table 8.9. Terminals For other types of terminals [4], the toroidal-core current transformers must be loosened and installed directly on the cables, in accordance with the instructions listed in section 8.4.6. [4] Check with Ormazabal's Technical - Sales Department. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 37
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.3.7. Checking and maintenance The ekor.rpg.ci- protection, metering and control unit is designed to perform the operating checks necessary for both commissioning and regular maintenance checks. Several levels of checks are available depending on the possibility of interrupting service and accessing the MV cubicle cable compartment. 1. Check through the primary circuit: In this case the tests are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the circuit-breaker and earthing the outgoing cables from the cubicle. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, it must be checked that the protection opens the circuitbreaker within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log. To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below: a. Open the cubicle s circuit-breaker. Close the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker for an effective earthing. b. Access the cable compartment and connect the test cable to the test connector of the toroidal-core current transformers. c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester. d. Connect signal S1, trip indication (depending on the programmed operation), to the tester s time delay stop input. e. Open the circuit-breaker. Open the earthing switch and then close the circuit-breaker. To open the circuit-breaker using the protection unit, the earthing switch must be open. f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed. In order to detect phase trips the test cable must be connected to the test bars of two toroidal-core current transformers. The current must go through each one in opposite directions. In other words, if the current flows up bottom in one of the test cables, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents is zero and no earth fault trips occur. For earth trips, the test cable is connected to a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal transformer, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed for all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit. 1 I-1 2 I-3 3 I-11 Figure 8.10. Test terminal block 38 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models 2. Check through the secondary circuit with circuit-breaker: In this case, the tests are performed on the equipment when the cable compartment is not accessible. This occurs because the cubicle outgoing cables are energised and cannot be connected to earth. In this case, the test cable cannot be connected to the test connection in the toroidal-core current transformers and the current injection is performed through the test terminal block. This testing method is also used when the primary circuit current values being tested are much greater than those produced by test equipment (normally greater than 100 A). To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below: a. Access the driving mechanism upper compartment where the checks and test terminal block is located. b. Short-circuit, and then disconnect the current circuit terminals I1, I3, I5, I7, I9 and I11. This procedure shortcircuits the current transformer secondary circuits. c. Connect the test cable to terminals I1 to I11, taking into account the following relation between terminals and phases. Current through L1 - I1 and I11. Current through L2 - I3 and I11. Current through L3 I5 and I11. Current through L1 and L2 (without earthing current) - I1 and I3. Current through L1 and L3 (without earthing current) - I1 and I5. Current through L2 and L3 (without earthing current) I3 and I5. d. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester. e. Connect output S1 - trip indication (depending on the programmed operation) - to the tester s time delay stop input. f. If the circuit-breaker can be opened, put it in closed position. If the circuit-breaker cannot be operated, make sure the bistable trigger and the tripping coil remain disconnected, and start the check as explained in the following section "Check without using the circuit breaker. g. Inject the secondary test currents taking into account that the transformation ratio is 300/1 A or 1000/1 A, depending on the model. Check that the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed. 3. Check through the secondary circuit without using the circuit-breaker: Not infrequently, the protection cubicle circuit-breaker cannot be operated and therefore the maintenance checks are performed exclusively on the electronic unit. In these cases, the following points should be considered: a. Always disconnect the bistable trigger and the tripping coil. This way, the relay can trip without acting upon the opening mechanism. b. Inject the current according to the section above, "check by secondary circuit without using the circuit breaker". c. The toroidal-core current transformers can be verified if the approximate consumption is known. The current that runs through the secondary circuit (terminals I1, I3, and I5) must match the 300/1 A or 1000/1 A ratios. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 39
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.4. ekor.rpt.ci units 8.4.1. Functional description The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit is used for the protection of distribution transformers. It is installed in fuse-combination switch cubicles so the electronic system performs all the protection functions, except high polyphase short-circuit values, which are cleared by the fuses. When an overcurrent that is within the values in which the load break switch can open is detected, the relay acts upon a low power bistable trigger that opens the switch. If the fault current is greater than the breaking capacity of the load break switch [5], the switch trip is blocked so that the fuses will blow. On the other hand, the equipment is disconnected and the fuses do not remain energised. 8.4.2. Definition of inputs / outputs The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit can have five physical inputs and seven physical outputs or eight physical inputs and four physical outputs, as shown in the following table (refer to diagram section 8.3.2). All physical inputs and outputs are isolated from the rest of independent circuits. The inputs and outputs can be accessed through the ekor.rpt.ci. terminal block. The input status and the output actions can be checked both in local mode and through the communications protocol. You can also have access to the settings, parameters, readings, etc., in this way. Figure 8.11. Transformer protection Figure 8.12. General protection (MV customer supply) 40 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models The signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs module are as follows: Physical inputs Physical outputs E1 External trip S1 Trip indication E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog E3 Switch open S3 Trip 50/51 E4 Disconnector closed S4 Trip 50N/51N E5 Fuse blow closed S5 External trip S6 Opening sequence S7 Closing sequence Table 8.10. Ratio of signals available for the five inputs and seven outputs module The signals available for the eight inputs and four outputs module are as follows: Physical inputs Physical outputs E1 External trip S1 Trip indication E2 Switch closed S2 Watchdog E3 Switch open S3 Opening sequence E4 Disconnector closed S4 Closing sequence E5 Fuse blow closed E6 General purpose E7 General purpose E8 General purpose Table 8.11. Ratio of signals available for the eight inputs and four outputs module The specific functions of the inputs and outputs depend on the installation and can be different to that shown in the tables above. Please see the installation diagrams to check the specific functions of these inputs and outputs. 8.4.3. Technical characteristics The ekor.rpt.ci unit is used to protect the following transformer power ratings. Line voltage [kv] Fuse rated voltage [kv] cgmcosmossystem Minimum transformer power Maximum transformer power Fuse rating [A] [kva] Fuse rating [A] [kva] 6.6 3/7.2 16 50 160 (1) 1250 10 6/12 16 100 160 (1) 1250 12 10/24 16 100 100 1250 13.2 10/24 16 100 100 1250 15 10/24 16 125 125 (2) 1600 20 10/24 16 160 125 2000 (1) 442 mm Cartridge (2) SSK 125 A SIBA Fuse Table 8.12. Transformer powers to protect IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 41
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions Line voltage [kv] Fuse rated voltage [kv] cgm.3 system Minimum transformer power Maximum transformer power Fuse rating [A] [kva] Fuse rating [A] [kva] 6.6 3/7.2 16 50 160 (1) 1000 10 6/12 16 100 125 1250 12 10/24 10 100 63 800 13.2 10/24 10 100 63 800 15 10/24 16 125 63 1000 20 10/24 16 160 63 1250 25 24/36 25 200 80 (2) 2000 30 24/36 25 250 80 (2) 2500 (1) 442 mm Cartridge (2) SSK 125 A SIBA Fuse Table 8.13. Transformer powers to protect The process to select the ekor.rpt.ci unit protection parameters in cgmcosmos p cubicles is as follows: 1. Determine the required fuse rating to protect the transformer in accordance with the fuse table in document IG 078 by Ormazabal. The maximum ratings that can be used are 160 A for voltages up to and including 12 kv, and 125 A for voltages up to and including 24 kv. 2. Calculate the transformer rated current I n = S/ 3 x U n. 3. Define the continuous overload level I>. Normal values in transformers of up to 2000 kva are 20% for distribution installations and 5% for power generation installations. 4. Select the transitory overload curve. Coordination between relay curves and LV fuses is performed with the EI type curve. 5. Define the delay in transient overload K. This parameter is defined by the transformer's thermal constant. This way, the greater the constant, the longer it takes for the transformer s temperature to increase under an overload condition; and therefore, the protection trip can be delayed longer. The usual value for distribution transformers is K = 0.2, which means that it trips in 2 s if the overload is 300% in the EI curve. 6. Short-circuit level I>>. The maximum value of the transformer s magnetisation current must be determined. The current peak produced when a no-load transformer is connected, due to the effect of a magnetised nucleus, is several times greater than the rated current. This peak value, up to 12 times the rated value (10 times for more than 1000 kva), has a very high harmonic content, so its fundamental 50 Hz component is much lower. Therefore, a usual setting value for this parameter is between 7 and 10. 7. Instantaneous time delay T>>. This value corresponds with the protection trip time in the event a short-circuit occurring. It depends on the coordination with other protections and the normal values are between 0.1 and 0.5 s. Whenever the shortcircuit value is high, the fuses will act in the time specified by their characteristic curve. 8. Determine the current value in the case of secondary threephase short-circuit. This fault must be cleared by the fuses, and it corresponds with the intersection point s maximum value between the relay and the fuse curves. If the intersection point is greater than the secondary short-circuit value, the settings must be adjusted to meet this requirement. To select the ekor.rpt.ci unit protection parameters in cgm.3 p cubicles, the steps to follow are similar to those proposed in the paragraphs above, except for the first step. The fuse rating required to protect the transformer is determined according to the fuse table of Ormazabal s documents IG-034 and IG-136 respectively. Please take into consideration that the minimum protection powers are listed in the table above. In the case of protecting a transformer with following characteristics in a cgmcosmos cubicle system: S = 1250 kva, U n =15 kv and U k = 5% Follow the procedure below for proper coordination between the fuses and the protection relay: 1. Choice of fuse in accordance with IG-078. Fuse10/24 kv 125 A 2. Rated current. I n = S/ 3 x U n = 1250 kva/ 3 x 15 kv @ 48 A 3. Continuous withstand overload 20%. I n x I> = 48 A x 1.2 @ 58 A 4. Extremely Inverse Curve type. E.I. 5. Transitory overload factor. K = 0.2 6. Short-circuit level. I n x I> x I>> = 48 A x 1.2 x 7 @ 404 A 7. Instantaneous time delay T>> = 0.4 s 8. Secondary short-circuit. I cs = I n x 100/ U k = 48 A x 100 / 5 @ 960 A 42 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models 1 Selection of fuse 125 A 2 Rated Current 48 A 3 Continuous overload 58 A 4 Curve type E.I. 5 Factor K = 0.2 6 Short-circuit level 404 A 7 Instantaneous time delay 400 ms 8 Secondary three-phase short-circuit 960 A 9 Fuse operation zone 10 Relay operation zone (s) Time (A) Current Figure 8.13. Example for SIBA SSK fuse IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 43
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions The earth unit setting depends on the characteristics of the line where the unit is installed. In general, the earth fault values are high enough to be detected as overcurrent. Even in isolated or resonant earthed neutral networks, the fault value in transformer protection installations is clearly different from the capacitive currents of the lines. This way, the transformer protection ekor.rpt.ci units are used in isolated neutral networks that do not require the directional function. The values of the setting parameters must guarantee selectivity with the main switch protections. Given the variety of protection criteria and types of neutral used in the networks, a single parameterisation does not exist; each case requires a specific parameterisation. In general, for machines up to 2000 kva, the settings below are given as a general example. It must be ensured that they properly apply to the protections upstream (general, line or main switch protections, among others.) Phase Setting Rated Current Time delayed Instantaneous I> K I>> T>> I n=s/ 3xU n = 48 A EI DT 1.2 0.2 7 0,4 Table 8.14. Phase Setting Earth Setting Type of neutral Time delayed Instantaneous I o > K o I o >> T o >> Solid or impedant NI DT 0.2 0.2 5 0,4 Isolated or resonant NI DT 0.1/Ig = 2 A* 0.2 5 0,4 * When a zero-sequence toroidal transformer is used. Table 8.15. Earth setting 44 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models 8.4.4. Installation in a cubicle The main components of the ekor.rpt.ci units are the electronic relay, voltage and current sensors, the bistable trigger, the tripping coil and the terminal block. The electronic relay is fastened to the cubicle control panel. The front of the equipment, which contains the components of the user interface, display, keys, communication ports, etc., is accessible from the outside without the need to remove the mechanism enclosure. The rear contains both the X1 and X2 connectors and the wiring that connects it to the voltage and current sensors and the terminal block. 1 ekor.rpt.ci electronic relay 2 Current sensors 3 Voltage sensors Figure 8.14. Example of installation of an ekor.rpt.ci in fuse protection cubicles Figure 8.15. ekor.rpt.ci front and rear view 1 ekor.rpt.ci relay configuration interconnection 2 DB-9 Male (relay) 3 DB-9 Female (PC) 4 RS485 communications connection Figure 8.16. Front and back connections diagram ekor.rpt.ci IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 45
Protection, metering and control models General Instructions 8.4.5. Single-line diagram ekor.rpt.ci The ekor.rpt.ci unit single-line diagram is shown below. Figure 8.17. Single-line diagram 46 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Protection, metering and control models 8.4.6. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers The installation of toroidal-core current transformers requires special attention. It is the main cause of untimely tripping problems, and its improper operation can cause trips that go undetected during commissioning. Aspects that must be considered in the installation: 1. The toroidal-core current transformers are installed on the outgoing cables of the cubicle. The inner diameter is 82 mm, which means that MV cables can easily pass through the inside. 2. The earthing screen MUST go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of cable remaining above the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair goes through the inside of the toroidal-core current transformer before it is connected to the earthing of the cubicle. The braided pair must not touch any metal part, such as the cable support or other areas of the cable compartment, before it is connected to the cubicle's earth. 3. The earthing screen must NOT go through the toroidal-core current transformer when it comes out of the part of the cable remaining under the toroidal-core current transformer. In this case, the braided pair is connected directly to the earthing collector of the cubicle. If there is no braided pair for the earthing window because it is connected at the other end (as in metering cubicles), the twisted pair should also not go through the toroidal-core current transformer. 1 Earth screen: it must pass through the inside of the toroidalcore current transformers Figure 8.18. Installation of toroidal-core current transformers 8.4.7. Checking and maintenance The ekor.rpt.ci protection, metering and control unit is designed to be able to perform the required operational checks. 1. Check through the primary circuit: This case corresponds to the tests that are performed on the equipment when it is completely shut down, since it involves actuating the switchdisconnector and earthing the cubicle outgoing cables. When current is injected through the toroidal-core current transformers, it must be checked that the protection opens the switch within the selected time. In addition, you must make sure that the tripping indications are correct and that all the events are being recorded in the history log. To perform this check, follow the steps indicated below: a. Open the cubicle s switch-disconnector and then earth the output. b. Access the cable compartment and pass a test cable through the toroidal-core current transformers. c. Connect the test cable to the current circuit of the tester. d. Connect output S1, trip signal (according to the programmed operation), to the tester's time delay stop input. e. Open the earthing switch and close the switch. Reset the latch and remove the actuating lever in order to leave the cubicle ready for tripping. f. Inject the test currents and verify the tripping times are correct. Check that the trips are correctly displayed. For phase trips, the test cable must pass through two toroidalcore current transformers. The cable must pass through each of them in opposite direction; in other words, if in the first one current flows up bottom, in the other it must flow bottom up so that the sum of the two currents equals zero and no earth trip occur. For earth trips, the test cable is passed through a single toroidal-core current transformer (zero-sequence or phase toroidal, depending on whether a zero-sequence toroidal is available or not). Trip tests must be performed through all toroidal-core current transformers to check the proper operation of the complete unit. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 47
Settings and managing menus General Instructions 9. Settings and managing menus 9.1. Keypad and alphanumeric display As can be seen in the image, the ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units have a total of 6 keys: SET: gives access to the "parameter setting" mode. In addition, the key has a confirmation function within the various menus of the "parameter setting" mode. This function is explained in greater detail throughout this section. ESC: This key allows the user to return to the main screen ("display") from any screen without saving changes made to the settings up to this point. Using this key, the unit's trip indications can be reset. Scrolling keys: The "up" and "down" arrows enable the user to scroll through the various menus and change values. The "right" and "left" arrows allow values in the "parameter setting" menu to be selected for modification, as detailed later. Along with the keypad, the relays have an alphanumeric display which makes it easier to use them. To save energy, the relay has a standby mode (display switched off), which starts to operate any time the relay does not receive an external signal for 1 minute (pressing of any key, except the SET key, or communication via RS-232), or for 2 minutes if the user is modifying the parameters in the "parameter adjustment" mode. Likewise, if either type of external signal is received (pressing the ESC, arrow up, down, left or right keys; or communication via RS-232) the relay will exit the standby mode and return to its active status, as long as the relay remains powered. Figure 9.1. ekor.rp.ci protection, metering and control units. Figure 9.2. SET key Figure 9.3. ESC key Figure 9.4. Scrolling keys 48 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Settings and managing menus 9.2. Display The "display" mode is the normal mode of the relay when in operation. Its main function is to allow the user to view various unit parameters which can be summarised in 5 groups: 1. Current metering 2. Detection of voltage presence / absence 3. Viewing the setting values 4. Values of the last and penultimate trip 5. Current date and time The "display" mode is shown by default in the relay, both when it is switched on and when it returns from its standby status, or when pressing the ESC key from any screen. In this operating mode, the up and down keys are enabled so that the user can scroll through the various parameters in the "display" mode. The SET key accesses the "parameter setting" mode. Figure 9.5. Current date and time Figure 9.6 shows some of the "Display" mode screens of the ekor.rp.ci units. The screens shown in the relay display consist of 2 data lines. The first one indicates the parameter for the specific window; the second one establishes the value of this parameter. Additionally, both this display screen and the two data lines can show error codes (refer to section 9.5. Error codes ) and the status of the reclosing cycle (refer to section 9.6. Recloser codes ). These indications are displayed with the other indications. Figure 9.6. "Display" mode screens A table with the Display mode parameters sequence is shown below. This table includes the text that appears on the first line of the relay display, along with an explanation of the corresponding parameter. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 49
Settings and managing menus General Instructions Parameter * For ekor.rpg.ci only I1. A Phase 1 current meter I2. A Phase 2 current meter I3. A Phase 3 current meter I 0. A Zero-sequence current meter V1 Phase 1 voltage detection (ON/OFF) V2 Phase 2 voltage detection (ON/OFF) V3 Phase 3 voltage detection (ON/OFF) I> Phase curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled) I 0> Zero-sequence curve type (NI, VI, EI, DT, disabled) I>> Instantaneous phase unit enabled/disabled I 0>> Instantaneous zero-sequence unit enabled/disabled I n. A Phase full load current I> Phase overload factor K Constant phase multiplier I>> Phase instantaneous multiplier T>> Phase instantaneous time delay I 0> Earth leakage factor K 0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier I 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier T 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay U r Line voltage T u Time delay for voltage presence/absence detection 79_h* Reclosing function activation / de-activation T1R* First reclosing time delay T2R* Second reclosing time delay T3R* Third reclosing time delay T4R* Fourth reclosing time delay Tb* Blocking time Tbm* Manual blocking time R50* Reclosing by 50 unit trip R51* Reclosing by 51 unit trip R50N* Reclosing by 50N unit trip R51N* Reclosing by 51N unit trip H2. A Current at last trip H2 Cause of last trip H2.TM Time delay of last trip, from start up to the trip H2.DT Last trip date H2.YE Last trip year H2.HR Hour and minute of last trip H2.SE Last trip second H1. A Penultimate trip current H1 Penultimate trip cause H1.TM Time delay of the penultimate trip, from start up to the trip H1.DT Penultimate trip date H1.YE Penultimate trip year H1.HR Hour and minute of penultimate trip H1.SE Penultimate trip second DATE Current date YEAR Current year HOUR Current time SEC Current second Meaning Table 9.1. "Display" mode parameters sequence 50 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Settings and managing menus 9.3. Parameter setting The "parameter setting" menu can be accessed from any window of the "display" menu by pressing the SET key. The protection remains operational with the initial parameters, until the user returns to the "display" menu by pressing the SET key again. When the relay is in the "parameter setting" menu, the text <<SET>> that appears in the bottom centre section of the relay screen (see drawing) allows the user to quickly identify the menu. As a precautionary measure, the "parameter setting" menu is protected by a password, which is entered each time the user wishes to access this menu. By default all the ekor.rp.ci units have the key 0000. This password can be changed by the user, as explained below. This menu allows the user to make changes to various relay parameters. These parameters can be grouped as follows: 1. Parameters for the protection and detection functions 2. Input menu 3. Output menu 4. Date and time 5. Communication parameters 6. Information on the number of trips 7. Password change Figure 9.7. Parameter setting 9.3.1. Protection parameters The ekor.rp.ci units include two methods for selecting parameter settings: manual or automatic. The manual method consists of entering each protection parameter one by one. On the other hand, the automatic method makes the parameter entry easier and quicker for the user. In this method, the user simply enters 2 pieces of data: Installation transformer power (P t ), and line voltage (T r ). From these 2 pieces of data, the relay sets the parameters according to: I n P = t ( T The selected full load current value is achieved by always rounding up the value. r 3) IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 51
Settings and managing menus General Instructions The rest of setting values are fixed (see the table below), although the user can change any of the values selected in the programme from the manual mode. Phase protection Earth protection Setting Automatic value Setting Automatic value Overload factor 120% Earth leakage factor 20% Type of curve EI Type of Curve NI Constant multiplier 0.2 Constant multiplier 0.2 Short-circuit factor 10* Short-circuit factor 5 Tripping time 0.1* Tripping time 0.1(*) Trip on DT Trip on DT * For protection through the ekor.rpt-10 x 1/20 x 1/30 x 1 B with 5-100 A range toroidal current transformers, the short-circuit value is 7 and the instantaneous tripping time is 0.4. Table 9.2. Protection parameters 9.3.2. Parameter setting menu When accessing the "parameter setting" menu through the SET key, the relay requests a password. The settings introduction area is accessed once it is verified that the password is correct. At this moment, manual configuration (CONF PAR) or automatic configuration (CONF TRAF) must be selected. Change from one to the other using the "right" and "left" keys. Press the SET key to select the desired option. The diagram on the right graphically explains this process. Once inside any of the two settings entry areas, the user can move from one parameter to another using the "up" and "down" keys, the same as in the "display" mode. Press the ESC or SET key to exit this menu and access the "display" menu. The ESC key will disregard all setting changes made previously, whereas the SET key will save all data before continuing. Figure 9.8. Parameter setting 52 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Settings and managing menus To change a setting, proceed as follows: 1. Display the setting to be changed on the screen. 2. Press the "left" or "right" keys. The data will start to flash. 3. Adjust the value required with the "up" and down" keys. If the setting is numeric, the blinking number can be changed with the "left" or "right" keys. 4. To exit, press SET (save and exit), or ESC (clear changes and exit). The password can be modified by first entering the current password. The process is explained graphically in the diagram on the right. As shown in this diagram, password modification consists of four steps. Figure 9.9. Modifying settings Figure 9.10. Password change The two following tables show the protection parameters in the "parameter setting" menu, along with an explanation of each of them and the values they can have. This information is shown for each of the two setting modes: manual or automatic. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 53
Settings and managing menus General Instructions Parameter Meaning Range I> Phase curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DT I 0> Zero-sequence curve type / unit disabling OFF, NI, VI, EI, DT I>> Enabling instantaneous phase unit OFF, DT I 0>> Enabling instantaneous earth unit OFF, DT I n. A Phase full load current Models x001: 5 A 192 A (steps of 1 A) Models x002: 15 A 480 A (steps of 1 A) I> Phase overload factor 1.00 1.30 K Constant phase multiplier 0.05 1.6 I>> Phase instantaneous multiplier 1 25 T>> Phase instantaneous time delay 0.05 2.5 I 0>* Earth leakage factor 0.1 0.8 K 0 Constant zero-sequence multiplier 0.05 1.6 I 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous multiplier 1 25 T 0>> Zero-sequence instantaneous time delay 0.05 2.5 U r Line voltage (kv) 3 36 T u Time delay for voltage presence/absence detection 0.05 2.5 79_h** Reclosing function activation / de-activation ON / OFF T1R** First reclosing time delay 0.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) T2R** Second reclosing time delay 0.0 and 15.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) T3R** Third reclosing time delay 0.0 and from 60.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) T4R** Fourth reclosing time delay 0.0 and from 180.0 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) Tb** Blocking time 0.1 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) Tbm** Manual blocking time 0.1 to 999.9 (steps of 0.1) R50** Reclosing by 50 unit trip ON / OFF R51** Reclosing by 51 unit trip ON / OFF R50N** Reclosing by 50N unit trip ON / OFF R51N** Reclosing by 51N unit trip ON / OFF DATE Change current day (day and month) 1-31/1-12 YEAR Change current year 2000 2059 HOUR Change current time 00:00-23:59 SEC. Change current second 0-59 NPER Peripheral number 0 31 PROT Protocol number 0000 [5] MODBUS 0002 PROCOME BAUD Transmission speed (kbps) 1.2; 2.4; 4.8; 9.6; 19.2; 38.4 PARI Parity No, even, odd LEN Word length 7; 8 STOP Stop bits 1; 2 DT.AD Day and month on which the last setting was made Cannot be changed YE.AD Year in which the last setting was made Cannot be changed HR.AD Time at which the last setting was made Cannot be changed SE.AD Second at which the last setting was made Cannot be changed NTP Number of phase trips Cannot be changed NTG Number of earth trips Cannot be changed V. Firmware version Cannot be changed PSWU Password change 0000-9999 Inputs Inputs ON/OFF SAL Outputs ON/OFF * In the case of zero-sequence toroidal transformers, the range is 0.5 A I n and the parameter is Ig ** For ekor.rpg.ci only Table 9.3. Manual setting menu [5] [5] Protocol to communicate with ekor.soft. 54 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Settings and managing menus Parameter Meaning Range tp 0W Transformer power (kva) 50; 100; 160; 200; 250; 315; 400; 500; 630; 800; 1000; 1250; 1600; 2000 TVOL Line voltage (kv) 6.6; 10; 12; 13.2; 15; 20; 25; 30 Table 9.4. Automatic setting menu In the automatic mode and once the "transformer power" and "line voltage" parameters have been set, the relay shows the parameter appearance sequence of the table above (corresponding to manual setting of parameters), starting with parameter U r. The "input menu" and "output menu" windows can be accessed from the "parameter setting" window. To do so from the input screen of the parameter setting menu, enter the input menu by pressing the left or right arrows. The "input menu" contains the status of inputs 1 to 5 and 1 to 10 [6], depending on the model, in consecutive screens that can be viewed by scrolling with the up and down arrows. The "output menu" can also be accessed from the output screen shown in the "parameter setting" screen (designated "SAL ONOF") by pressing the left or right arrows. Once in the menu, the up and down arrows can be used to scroll through the various screens showing the status of each output. The output status can be changed by using the left and right arrows. The output status is changed when a pulse is received. To exit the "input menu" or "output menu", press the relay s ESC key. 9.4. Trip recognition Whenever a trip occurs, the relay immediately accesses the "trip recognition" menu. This menu can be easily identified because a blinking arrow is located on the upper part of the display, just below the name of the function that has caused the trip. The ekor.rp.ci units signal four possible trip causes using the upper arrow. 1. Phase time delay trip I> 2. Phase instantaneous trip I>> 3. Earth time delay trip I 0> 4. Earth instantaneous trip I 0>> To exit the "trip recognition" menu, press the ESC key from any of the menu screens. The relay recognises that the user has checked the trip and then returns to the first screen of the "display" menu. In any case, the trip data will continue to be available to the user from the "display" menu until two new trips have occurred. Figure 9.11. Trip recognition The following table shows the sequence in which the data appear. As in the rest of the menus, the "up" and "down" keys are used to scroll throughout the various data. The various screens of the of "trip recognition" menu provide two types of information. The initial screen shows the current detected at the tripping moment, by phase or earth depending on the tripped unit. Subsequent "trip recognition" screens display the date and time of the trip, along with the time elapsed from the unit start up to the trip. Parameter I x A I x TM I x DT I x YE I x HR I x SE Meaning Current at the tripping moment Time elapsed from unit start up to the trip Day and month on which the trip occurred Year in which the trip occurred Time at which the trip occurred Second in which the trip occurred Where subscript x depends on the cause of the trip: 1, 2, 3 or 0,, for phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 or zero-sequence, respectively. Table 9.5. Data appearance sequence [6] From 1 to 8 in the case of ekor.rpt.ci. IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 55
Settings and managing menus General Instructions 9.5. Error codes The ekor.rp.ci units have a series of error codes used to warn the user regarding the different anomalies that may occur in the system. The different error codes are identified by a number, just as shown in the figure on the right. The following error codes may be displayed in the ekor.rp.ci units: Code shown on the display ER 03 ER 04 ER 05 ER 06 ER 07 ER 08 ER 09 ER 0A Meaning Switch error (error during the opening or closing) Closing coil error in closed position Closing coil error in open position Opening coil error Miniature circuit breaker alarm Springs unloaded alarm Status of protections that are turned off (even with I>, I o>, I>>, I o>> a ON) Pump activation Figure 9.12. Error display Switches between the error code and the reading Table 9.6. Error codes 9.6. Recloser codes Along with the trip recognition parameters, the unit displays a series of codes to indicate which cycle the recloser is in. Code shown on the display RE 01 RE 02 RE 03 RE 04 RE FIN Meaning First reclosing cycle in progress Second reclosing cycle in progress Third reclosing cycle in progress Fourth reclosing cycle in progress Reclosing cycle finished final trip Under the following conditions, the recloser codes are cleared from the relay screen and only the trip recognition screen remains: 1. Manual operations on the unit: manual closing/opening, activation/de-activation of the recloser. 2. If errors occur before or during the reclosing cycle, the error information on the screen prevails over the reclosing information, which should appear in the same display line. 3. The blocking time delay is surpassed while the reclosing cycle is in progress, without reaching the final trip. Switches between the recloser code and the trip recognition screen Table 9.7. Recloser codes 56 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016
General Instructions Settings and managing menus 9.7. Menu map (quick access) The menu map is a summary table that indicates all the submenus for the ekor.rp.ci units, as well as a brief explanation of each one. Figure 9.13. Menu map (1) IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016 57
Settings and managing menus General Instructions Figure 9.14. Menu map (2) 58 IG-157-EN version 04; 31/05/2016