Architecting the Internet of Things Bearbeitet von Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles 1. Auflage 2011. Buch. xxxi, 353 S. Hardcover ISBN 978 3 642 19156 5 Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 742 g Weitere Fachgebiete > EDV, Informatik > Informationsverarbeitung > Ambient Intelligence, RFID Zu Leseprobe schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.
Contents Foreword... V Contents...IX Figures...XIX Tables... XXIII Abbreviations... XXV 1 An Architectural Approach Towards the Future Internet of Things... 1 Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles 1.1 Introduction, Background and Initial Visions... 2 1.2 Definitions and Functional Requirements... 4 1.3 A European Perspective on Funded Projects, Technologies and State of the Art in Relation to the Internet of Things... 9 1.4 Opportunities and Motivation... 12 1.5 Outlook to Future Developments... 13 1.6 A Possible Architecture for the Future Internet of Things... 16 1.7 Conclusion and Outlook... 22 References... 22 2 About the Idea of Man in System Design An Enlightened Version of the Internet of Things?... 25 Sarah Spiekermann 2.1 Introduction... 25 2.2 About the Idea of Man: Definition and Relation to System Design... 27 2.3 The Idea of Man as Opposed to the Nature of a Computer System... 28 2.4 Social Interaction and Norms at the Human/Machine Interface... 29 2.5 The Impact of the Programmer s Idea of Man... 30
X Contents 2.6 The Idea of Man: Steps and Challenges for its Recognition in System Design... 32 2.7 Conclusion... 34 References... 34 3 Enabling the Masses to Become Creative in Smart Spaces... 37 Marc Roelands, Laurence Claeys, Marc Godon, Marjan Geerts, Mohamed Ali Feki, Lieven Trappeniers 3.1 The Meaning of DiY in the Network Society... 37 3.1.1 DiY as Socio-Cultural Practice... 38 3.1.2 DiY in Software Application Creation... 41 3.1.3 DiY in Smart Spaces... 41 3.2 Research Orientation towards Tangible Creation in Smart Spaces... 42 3.3 Candidate Enabling Concept 1: The Call-out Internet of Things... 43 3.3.1 Location-based Call-outs... 44 3.3.2 Tag-based Call-outs... 45 3.3.3 Image-based Call-outs... 46 3.3.4 The Future of Call-outs... 46 3.4 Candidate Enabling Concept 2: The Smart Composables Internet of Things... 47 3.4.1 Object Classification According to Creator and Purpose... 48 3.4.2 Grounding via Experimentation... 50 3.5 Candidate Enabling Concept 3: The Phenomena Internet of Things... 52 3.5.1 Ingredients of the Phenomena Internet of Things... 53 3.5.2 Links to Current and Historical State of the Art... 55 3.5.3 Potential Application Domains... 57 3.5.4 Grounding via Experimentation... 58 3.6 Conclusion... 61 References... 62
Contents XI 4 The Toolkit Approach for End-user Participation in the Internet of Things... 65 Irena Pletikosa Cvijikj, Florian Michahelles 4.1 From Internet to Internet of Things... 65 4.2 Problems and Challenges... 67 4.3 Towards a Participatory Approach... 68 4.3.1 User-centered Design... 68 4.3.2 Open-source Development... 70 4.3.3 End-user Programming... 71 4.3.4 Crowdsourcing... 72 4.3.5 Living Labs... 73 4.4 Innovations to Users via Toolkits... 75 4.5 Existing Toolkits... 76 4.5.1 I/O Boards and HW Based Systems... 77 4.5.2 SW Based Solutions... 85 4.6 Discussion... 90 4.7 Conclusion... 92 References... 93 5 From the Internet of Things to the Web of Things: Resource-oriented Architecture and Best Practices... 97 Dominique Guinard, Vlad Trifa, Friedemann Mattern, Erik Wilde 5.1 From the Internet of Things to the Web of Things... 97 5.2 Designing RESTful Smart Things... 100 5.2.1 Modeling Functionality as Linked Resources... 100 5.2.2 Representing Resources... 101 5.2.3 Servicing Through a Uniform Interface... 103 5.2.4 Syndicating Things... 105 5.2.5 Things Calling Back: Web Hooks... 106 5.3 Web-enabling Constrained Devices... 107 5.4 Physical Mashups: Recomposing the Physical World... 112
XII Contents 5.4.1 Energy Aware Mashup: Energie Visible... 113 5.4.2 Business Intelligence Mashup: RESTful EPCIS... 114 5.4.3 A Mashup Editor for the Smart Home... 116 5.5 Advanced Concepts: The Future Web of Things... 118 5.5.1 Real-time Web of Things... 119 5.5.2 Finding and Describing Smart Things... 121 5.5.3 Sharing Smart Things... 123 5.6 Discussing the Future Web of Things... 126 5.7 Conclusion... 127 References... 128 6 A Service-oriented, Semantic Approach to Data Integration for an Internet of Things Supporting Autonomous Cooperating Logistics Processes... 131 Karl A. Hribernik, Carl hans, Christoph Kramer, Klaus-Dieter Thoben 6.1 Introduction and Background... 131 6.2 State of the Art... 134 6.2.1 The Internet of Things... 134 6.2.2 Autonomous Cooperating Logistics Processes... 136 6.2.3 Item-level Information Management Approaches... 137 6.2.4 Enterprise Application Integration Approaches... 141 6.3 Problem Analysis... 143 6.3.1 Logistics Systems Integration Targets... 143 6.3.2 Integrating Intelligent Logistics Objects... 144 6.3.3 Summary of Data Integration Requirements... 146 6.4 Solution Concept A Service-oriented, Ontology-based Mediator... 149 6.4.1 Ontology-based Mediator... 149 6.4.2 Service Interface Layer for Logical Views... 152 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook... 154 References... 155
Contents XIII 7 Resource Management in the Internet of Things: Clustering, Synchronisation and Software Agents... 159 Tomás Sánchez López, Alexandra Brintrup, Marc-André Isenberg, Jeanette Mansfeld 7.1 Introduction... 159 7.2 Background and Related Work... 160 7.2.1 Clustering... 160 7.2.2 Software Agents... 164 7.2.3 Data Synchronisation... 166 7.3 Assumptions and Definitions... 168 7.4 Clustering for Scalability... 170 7.4.1 Clustering Principles in an Internet of Things Architecture... 170 7.4.2 The Role of Context... 172 7.4.3 Design Guidelines... 173 7.5 Software Agents for Object Representation... 179 7.6 Data Synchronisation... 182 7.6.1 Types of Network Architectures... 182 7.6.2 Requirements and Challenges... 186 7.7 Summary and Conclusion... 190 References... 191 8 The Role of the Internet of Things for Increased Autonomy and Agility in Collaborative Production Environments... 195 Marc-André Isenberg, Dirk Werthmann, Ernesto Morales-Kluge, Bernd Scholz-Reiter 8.1 Introduction... 195 8.2 Emerging Challenges of Networked Enterprises... 197 8.3 Fundamental Concepts of Agility and Autonomy... 199 8.3.1 Agility... 199 8.3.2 Autonomous Control... 202 8.4 Enabling Autonomy and Agility by the Internet of Things... 206
XIV Contents 8.5 Technical Requirements for Satisfying the New Demands in Production Logistics... 209 8.5.1 The Evolution from the RFID-based EPC Network to an Agentbased Internet of Things... 209 8.5.2 Agents for the Behaviour of Objects... 213 8.6 Application Field: Automotive Tail-lights Intelligent Product... 216 8.6.1 Assembly Scenario... 217 8.6.2 Layout... 218 8.6.3 The System... 219 8.6.4 Technological Prerequisites... 221 8.7 Challenges by Developing the Internet of Things... 223 8.8 Conclusion and Outlook... 225 References... 226 9 Integrated Billing Solutions in the Internet of Things... 229 Dieter Uckelmann, Bernd Scholz-Reiter 9.1 Introduction... 229 9.2 Cost of RFID and the Internet of Things... 231 9.3 Benefits of RFID and the Internet of Things... 238 9.4 Cost Benefit Sharing... 241 9.5 A Technical Framework for Integrating Billing Capabilities into the EPCglobal Network... 242 9.6 Discussion and Outlook... 249 References... 250 10 Business Models for the Internet of Things... 253 Eva Bucherer, Dieter Uckelmann 10.1 Introduction... 253 10.2 Business Models and Business Model Innovation... 255 10.2.1 Business Models... 255 10.2.2 Business Model Innovation... 258
Contents XV 10.3 Value Creation in the Internet of Things... 260 10.3.1 Laws of Information... 260 10.3.2 Revenue Generation in the Internet of Things... 263 10.4 Exemplary Business Model Scenarios for the Interet of Things... 266 10.4.1 Scenario 1: Product as a Service (PaaS)... 266 10.4.2 Scenario 2: Information Service Providers... 268 10.4.3 Scenario 3: End-userInvolvement... 270 10.4.4 Scenario 4: Right-time Business Analysis and Decision making... 273 10.5 Conclusion... 275 References... 276 11 The DiY Smart Experiences Project... 279 Marc Roelands, Johan Plomp, Diego Casado Mansilla, Juan R. Velasco, Ismail Salhi, Gyu Myoung Lee, Noel Crespi, Filipe Vinci dos Santos, Julien Vachaudez, Frédéric Bettens, Joel Hanqc, Carlos Valderrama, Nilo Menezes, Alexandre Girardi, Xavier Ricco, Mario Lopez-Ramos, Nicolas Dumont, Iván Corredor, Miguel S. Familiar, José F. Martínez, Vicente Hernández, Dries De Roeck, Christof van Nimwegen, Leire Bastida, Marisa Escalante, Juncal Alonso, Quentin Reul, Yan Tang, Robert Meersman 11.1 Drivers, Motives and Persona in the DiY Society... 280 11.1.1 Evolution of DiY... 281 11.1.2 Why Do People Build Things Themselves?... 281 11.1.3 People Motivation as Driver... 282 11.1.4 People Logics, Distinguishing Motivation Levels... 282 11.1.5 Eco-awareness, an Example Application Theme in DiYSE... 284 11.2 Sensor-actuator Technologies and Middleware as a Basis for a DiY Service Creation Framework... 289 11.2.1 Device Integration... 290 11.2.2 Middleware Technologies Needed for a DiY Internet of Things... 293 11.3 Semantic Interoperability as a Requirement for DiY Creation... 295 11.3.1 Ontology... 295 11.3.2 Ontology Engineering Methodologies... 296
XVI Contents 11.3.3 Application of Ontology Engineering in the Internet of Things... 298 11.4 The DiYSE Service Framework... 302 11.4.1 Contextualisation Layer... 303 11.4.2 Service Composition and Exposition Layer... 304 11.4.3 Execution Layer... 305 11.4.4 DiYSE Application Creation and Deployment... 305 11.5 Interactions, Using and Creating in Smart Spaces... 306 11.5.1 Service Interaction and Environment Configuration... 307 11.5.2 Ecological Design Approach... 307 11.5.3 Architectural Support and Modelling for Interaction... 308 11.5.4 Example Personalised Interaction Method: Smart Companion Devices... 309 11.5.5 Multimodal Middleware Protocol... 311 11.5.6 The Ultimate Example: Simple Smart Space Interaction with Multi-device Interfaces... 311 11.6 Conclusion - Future Work of the Consortium... 312 References... 313 12 Intelligent Cargo Using Internet of Things Concepts to Provide High Interoperability for Logistics Systems... 317 Jens Schumacher, Mathias Rieder, Manfred Gschweidl, Philip Masser 12.1 Introduction... 317 12.2 Semantic Web... 319 12.2.1 Semantic Web Services... 320 12.2.2 Semantic Web Services Processes and Lifecycle... 321 12.3 Ontology... 325 12.3.1 Ontology and the Organisational Perspective... 326 12.3.2 Ontology and the IT-System Perspective... 327 12.3.3 Ontology and the Data Perspective... 327 12.3.4 Ontologies in Multi-agent Systems... 329 12.3.5 The Role of a Top-level Ontology... 331
Contents XVII 12.4 The Internet of Things in Context of EURIDICE... 332 12.4.1 Interoperability in EURIDICE... 333 12.4.2 The EURIDICE Architecture... 337 12.4.3 Integration... 339 12.4.4 Deployment... 340 12.4.5 Project Evaluation... 341 12.4.6 EURIDICE and the Internet of Things... 341 12.5 Business Impact... 342 12.6 Future Developments... 344 12.7 Conclusion... 345 References... 346 Index... 349 About the Editors... 353