Color Management Fundamentals Wide Format Series Kerry Moloney Field & Channel Marketing Manager Fiery Wide Format John Nate WW Technical Product Training Manager Fiery Wide Format
Session overview Color management fundamentals, including basic color theory and management terms Get the best out of all of color technologies, regardless of the technology type Focus today on printing, with an emphasis on some wide format printing considerations Take a quick poll 2
Topics to be covered Color management defined Color space Color accuracy and Delta-E (ΔΕ or de) Device dependent and device independent color Gamut Rendering intents & black point compensation Color transforms Calibration & profiling Spot colors 3
What is color management? And why do we need it? 4
Color management is A process, not a task Ensures color fidelity between devices Limited by each device 5
Color management is A process, not a task Ensures color fidelity between devices Limited by each device 6
Color management is A process, not a task Ensures color fidelity between devices Limited by each device 7
Color management is like making toast by Steve Upton 8
Color management is like making toast by Steve Upton 9
Color management is like making toast 10
Color management is like making toast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Color management fundamentals Basic terms 12
Color space (L*a*b*) 100 50 L* 0 13
Color space (L*a*b*) -127 0 a* +127 14
Color space (L*a*b*) -128 0 b* +127 15
Color space (L*a*b*) L* b* a* 16
Color space (L*a*b*) L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 17
Color space (L*a*b*) L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 18
Color inaccuracy Hue - color Chroma - saturation Luminance - brightness 19
Hue Cooler Actual Color Warmer 20
Where is your color? L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 21
Hue L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 22
Hue L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 23
Chroma - Saturation Less Saturation Actual Color More Saturation 24
Chroma or Saturation L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 25
Chroma or Saturation L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 26
Chroma or Saturation L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 27
Luminance Darker Actual Color Lighter 28
Where is your color? L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 29
Where is your color? L* = 100 White b* Yellow -a* Green Gray a* Red -b* Blue L* = 0 Black 30
Delta-E or ΔΕ or De Original Color Delta-E 3 Delta-E 7 31
Device dependent color 32
Device dependent color R = 201 G = 5 B = 2 R = 206 G = 3 B = 7 33
Device dependent color CMYK = 1/84/95/2 5/93/88/0 0/97/90/8 34
Device dependent color CMYK = 1/84/95/2 5/93/88/0 0/97/90/8 L*a*b* = 56/95/54 35
Gamut 36
Gamut 37
Gamut 38
Gamut 39
Gamut 40
Gamut 41
Gamut 42
Gamut 43
Color space SWOP 44
Color space SWOP vs. GRACoL 45
Color space SWOP vs. GRACoL vs. Inkjet 46
Color space SWOP vs. GRACoL vs. Inkjet vs. Adobe RGB 47
Color space SWOP vs. Toner vs. Inkjet 48
Gamut Larger Smaller 49
Gamut? Larger Smaller 50
Spot colors 51
Spot colors Pantone Bridge 52
Color management application Decision time 53
Rendering intent Larger Gamut Smaller Gamut In-Gamut Colors 1 3 2 4 5 6 Out-Of-Gamut Colors 54
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 55
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 56
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 57
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 58
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 59
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 60
Perceptual 1 2 3 4 5 6 61
Colorimetric 1 3 2 4 5 6 62
Saturation 1 3 2 4 5 6 63
Colorimetric relative vs. absolute Newsprint Absolute Colorimetric Newsprint Relative Colorimetric 64
Banding Original Perceptual Colorimetric 65
Banding Original Perceptual Colorimetric 66
Banding Original Perceptual Colorimetric 67
Banding Original Perceptual Colorimetric 68
Black point compensation Newsprint 69
Black point compensation 70
Black point compensation 71
Black point compensation 72
Graphic program defaults 73
Graphic program defaults 74
Assigning vs. converting 75
Assigning vs. converting Assigning = Change the way the image looks/prints Converting = Keep the look the same 76
Assigning vs. converting Assign = Not the same taste 1 Tb. = 1 Tb. 77
Assigning vs. converting Convert = The same taste 1 Tb. = 4 Tb. 78
Assigning vs. converting Original Color in GRACoL 23/92/53/17 40/50/14 79
Assigning vs. converting Original Color in GRACoL 23/92/53/17 40/50/14 Assign SWOP 5 23/92/53/17 41/51/10 80
Assigning vs. converting Original Color in GRACoL 23/92/53/17 40/50/14 Assign SWOP 5 23/92/53/17 41/51/10 Convert SWOP 5 24/93/61/19 40/50/14 81
Converting GRACoL SWOP 82
Assigning vs. converting Assign Convert Assign 83
Calibration and profiling Controlling your color 84
Calibration Calibration is active 85
Calibration Calibration is active Match a device to itself over time 86
Calibration Calibration is active Match a device to itself over time Bring to a repeatable state 87
Calibration Calibration is active Match a device to itself over time Bring to a repeatable state Tuning the guitar 88
Calibration Sometimes called linearization Linearization is only one part of calibration 89
Calibration cameras Shutter speed Aperture White/gray balance 90
Calibration monitors Brightness Contrast White point 91
Calibration output devices 92
Calibration output devices Per channel ink/toner limits Per channel linearity Total ink/toner limit Ink gray balance Usually through the use of a RIP 93
Calibration output devices Per channel ink limits 94
Calibration output devices Per channel ink limits Wet No additional saturation No additional saturation Wet 95
Calibration output devices Per channel ink limits Wet 92% No additional saturation 89% No additional saturation 96% Wet 81% 96
Calibration output devices Per channel linearity (ink or toner) 75% 97
Calibration output devices Per channel linearity (ink or toner) 75% 25% 98
Calibration output devices Per channel linearity (ink or toner) Non-Linear 75% 25% Non-Linear 99
Calibration output devices Per channel linearity (ink or toner) Non-Linear 75% 25% Non-Linear 25% 50% 75% Linear 100
Calibration output devices Total ink limit No darker 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% 101
Calibration output devices Total ink limit No darker 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% TIL 102
Calibration output devices Total ink limit No darker 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% TIL Wet 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% 103
Calibration output devices Total ink limit No darker 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% TIL Wet 280% 290% 300% 310% 320% 330% 340% 350% 360% 370% 380% 390% 400% TIL 104
Calibration output devices Ink gray balance Poor gray balance Questionable Gray Balance Good Gray Balance 105
Calibration output devices Ink gray balance Poor gray balance Questionable gray balance Good Gray Balance 106
Calibration output devices Ink gray balance Poor gray balance Questionable gray balance Good gray balance 107
Profiling Profiling is passive ICC Profile International Color Consortium 108
Profiling Profiling is passive A snapshot of the device characteristics 109
Profiling CMYK 0/100/66/0 0/51/24/0 66/36/24/0 92/0/81/23 0/0/0/30 L*a*b* 61/127/105 73/36/13 55/-10/-18 46/-55/16 78/0/0 110
Profiling CMYK = 0/100/66/0 CMYK = 1/84/95/2 0/100/66/0 0/97/90/8 L*a*b* = 61/127/105 L*a*b* = 61/127/105 111
Color management is like making toast 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 112
Session summary What we learned Basic color management concepts apply to getting the most out of all types of color technologies Take charge of your color management setting and options Color management is not a single task, rather a complete process To learn more, we have some resources for you 113
Additional resources www.efi.com ABCs of Color Rendering Intent Black Point Compensation articles www.colorwiki.com Glossary of color terms www.xrite.com Complete Guide to Color Management A Guide to Understanding Color Communication The Color Guide and Glossary 114
Additional World of Fiery sessions May 27 Color Management Fundamentals Learn the foundations of color theory and management to get the most from your design software and color technologies. June 17 Color Standards & Specifications Gain knowledge of the latest industry standards and how they apply to wide and superwide format printing and proofing. July 8 Color Management Inside Fiery XF & Fiery proserver Put your knowledge into practice and understand RIP-level color controls. Production Series for wide format printing starting this September, you can register your interest for these on the World of Fiery Webinars home page 115
Color management fundamentals Questions? 116
Color management fundamentals Thank you! 117