UNDERSTANDING CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES IN THE EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT Amanda Burch, elcc Conference 2014
Creative Commons A nonprofit organization established in 2002, Creative Commons provides copyright licenses that encourage sharing, adaptation, and reuse of creative works. The original licenses were inspired by the Free Software Foundation's General Public License, which gained recognition in the 1990s. Creative Commons licenses forge a balance between openness and the traditional all rights reserved setting that copyright law creates.
The Licenses Allow You To Revise: adapt and improve the resource so it better meets your needs. Remix: combine or "mash up" a resource with another to produce new materials. Reuse: use the original or your new version of the resource in a wide range of contexts. Redistribute: make copies and share the original resource or your new version with others.
The License Types
Attribution CC BY You are free to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as you credit the original creator.
Attribution-NoDerivatives CC BY-ND You are free to distribute, commercially and noncommercially, as long as the work is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to the creator.
Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike CC BY-NC-SA You are free to remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, as long you credit the original creator and license the new creations under identical terms.
Attribution-ShareAlike CC BY-SA You are free to remix, tweak, and build upon the work even for commercial purposes, as long as you credit the original creator and license the new creations under identical terms.
Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC You are free to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, while giving credit to the original creator.
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives CC BY-NC-ND This is the most restrictive of the licenses, only allowing non-commercial use and distribution of the work, unchanged and in whole, as long as the original creator is credited.
Interpreting the Licenses You may only remix works released under different CC licenses if the terms of the licenses involved permit such use. NoDerivatives licenses do not permit remixing or adapting at all. All other CC licenses allow remixing, but may impose conditions on use.
Interpreting the Licenses If you adopt and revise a work under a ShareAlike license, you need to make sure the resulting remix is licensed under the same terms. If you intend to use a remixed work for commercial purposes, you cannot incorporate a work released under a NonCommercial license.
Compatibility Chart" 2013 Creative Commons, used under a Creative Commons Attribution license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
A Note about NonCommercial This license prohibits uses that are "primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation. Use by a nonprofit educational institution assumed to be a noncommerical use, however this does not exclude the use from being challenged.
A Note about NonCommercial If you are unsure if your use qualifies as NonCommercial, Creative Commons recommends contacting the creator or rightsholder for clarification or search for works that are not licensed under NC. Creative Commons Defining Noncommercial : A Study of How the Online Population Understands Noncommercial Use in 2009 http://wiki.creativecommons.org/defining_noncommercial
Guidelines for Attribution Creative Commons provides guidelines to use when attributing a source. This should include: Credit to the creator Title of the work URL where the work was hosted Indication of the license type and link to the license type available through Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org.au/content/attributingccmaterials.pdf
Attribution Example Vivian and the Giant Fish by Alan Bruce, available under a Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0 at http://www.flickr.com/photos/qole/2284384975
Attribution for Derivative Work This is a Finnish translation of "My Awesome Report" 2009 by Greg Grossmeier, used under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. This Finnish translation is licensed under the same Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Reusing Content
Copyright Copyright is automatic upon creation of a work in a fixed and tangible medium. The content author is not required to register the copyright or feature a notice on the work to be covered by the law. Content published through an academic institution is not automatically exempt from traditional all rights reserved copyright. For text, photos, and any multimedia, all rights are reserved.
Fair Use The principle of fair use allows for adoption and use of portions of a copyrighted work for a transformative purpose. When citing fair use, consider the following guidelines and choose whichever is less: For text, 10% or 1000 words For photos, 5 images from a single individual, 15 from a collection, or 10% For audio, 10% or 30 seconds For video, 10% or 3 minutes
Creative Commons For text, photos, and any multimedia, some rights are reserved. Clearly defined reuse and remix specifications, depending on the license type.
What is OER? Open Educational Resources (OER) are "teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use and re-purposing by others. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation
Types of Content Full Courses Handouts Lectures and Presentation Notes Individual Modules or Units etextbooks Videos Podcasts Exams and Quizzes Illustrations and Photos Simulations Assignments
Where to Search
Flickr Commons http://flickr.com/commons http://www.flickr.com/commons
Creative Commons Search http://search.creativecommons.org/
Open Textbook Library https://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks
OER Commons http://oercommons.org
CK-12 Foundation http://www.ck12.org
Saylor Foundation http://saylor.org
Open Stax http://openstaxcollege.org
Open Course Library http://opencourselibrary.org
MERLOT http://merlot.org
Contributing Back to the Commons
Contributing Back Prosperity of the Commons is founded on the notion of information sharing. Important questions to consider before making your work available under an open license: Is the material copyrightable? Do you own the material you want to license? Are you aware that CC licenses are irrevocable?
Creative Commons http://creativecommons.org/choose
OER Commons http://oercommons.org
Flickr http://flickr.com
Questions? amanda.burch@cccs.edu
Sources Creative Commons. (2013). About the Licenses. Retrieved from http://creativecommons.org/licenses/. Creative Commons. (2013). Best Practices for Marking Content with CC Licenses. Retrieved from http://wiki.creativecommons.org/marking/users. Creative Commons. (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Retrieved from http://wiki.creativecommons.org/faq. Creative Commons. (2013). NonCommercial. Retrieved from http://wiki.creativecommons.org/noncommercial. P2PU. (2013). Copyright 4 Educators. Retrieved from https://p2pu.org/en/courses/667/copyright-for-educators-us/. Park, C. (2013). Creative Commons and Open Educational Resources. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/janeatcc/v2-creative-commons-overview-webinar-8613. Stites, W. (2011). Copyright, Fair Use, and Creative Commons in Education. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/wstites/copyright-fair-use-creative-commons-in-education. William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. (nd). Open Educational Resources. Retrieved from http://www.hewlett.org/programs/education-program/open-educational-resources.