MIMO and Beamforming in the 5G Context SBrT PDF Free Download

MIMO and Beamforming in the 5G Context SBrT 2017 05/09/2017 Created by Will Sitch Presented by Bruno Duarte

A Brief History of Keysight 1939 1998: Hewlett-Packard years A company founded on electronic measurement innovation 1999 2013: Agilent Technologies years Spun off from HP, Agilent became the World s Premier Measurement Company In September 2013, it announced the spinoff of its electronic measurement business 2014+: Keysight years On November 1, Keysight became an independent company focused on the electronic measurement industry In April 2017, Keysight acquired Ixia to strengthen its end-to-end software-driven testing and deliver insights into network operations

5G Drivers and Expectations Massive Growth in Mobile Data Demand Massive Growth in No. of Connected Devices Exploding Diversity of Wireless Applications Dramatic Change in User Expectations of Network For the User* Amazingly fast Great service in a crowd Best experience follows you Super real-time and reliable communications Ubiquitous things communicating All founded on a solid business model. *Courtesy of METIS 100x Data Rates 1000x Capacity 100x Densification 1ms Latency Reliability 99.999% 100x Energy Efficiency

The importance of MIMO to deliver the 5G It brings us more data Shannon-Hartley Theorem: Capacity = # Channels* BW * log2 (1 + S/N) Increase data capacity by: Increasing #channels MIMO Exploiting spatial multiplexing to deliver multiple streams of data within the same resource block (time and frequency) Channel state information Increasing BW mmwave frequencies require Beamforming Increasing S/N

Types of Multiple Antenna Systems Tx Rx SISO - No diversity protection against fading Tx : Rx SIMO - Rx diversity - Rx smart antenna (beamforming) - Improved SINR Tx : Rx MISO - Tx diversity - Tx smart antenna (beamforming) - Improved SINR Tx : : Rx MIMO - Tx/Rx diversity - Tx/Rx smart antenna (beamforming) - Spatial multiplexing - Improved SINR Or Improved spectral efficiency/data rates 2015 Keysight Technologies

Single User MIMO Multiple Spatial Channels for Higher Data Rates to 1 User s 0 h 00 r0... h 01 ^ s 0 Note: This is a conceptual implementation only. It doesn t take noise or nonsquare matrices into account TX RX H -1 s 1 h 10 r 1... ^ s 1 h 11 [] r 0 = [ r 1 h 00 h 01 h 10 h 11 ][] s 0 s 1 R=HS or ^ S=H -1 R In this simple example, the receiver is responsible for demultiplexing the two data streams. The receiver does this with knowledge of the channel [H] 2015 Keysight Technologies

Multi User MIMO Pre-coding Data for Multiple Users at the Same Time s 0 x 0 h 00 r0... RX ^ s 0 Note: This is a conceptual implementation only. It doesn t take noise or non-square matrices into account h 01 W TX s 1 x 1 h 10 h 11 r 1... RX ^ s 1 In this simple example, the transmitter is responsible for pre-coding (W) the data using knowledge of the channel [H] []=[ x 0 x 1 w 00 w 01 w 10 w 11 ][] s 0 s 1 W = H -1 []=[ s 0 ^ ^ s 1 h 00 h 01 h 10 h 11 W = H T (HH T ) -1 ][] x 0 x 1 ^S= HX = HWS = (HW)S So it seems we want HW=I (identity matrix) to allow for non-square matrices, and for inversion reasons use pseudo inverse. 2015 Keysight Technologies

MIMO Adoption and Evolution LTE MIMO has been in 3GPP standards since Release 8 (early 2009) LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10, 2011) supports 8 streams of DL MIMO LTE-A Pro (Release 13; early 2016) has Full Dimension MIMO (FD- MIMO) Massive MIMO is a key component of 5G, currently being developed

MIMO visualized Spatial Tx Diversity: Multiplexing: Different Same data, data, different paths paths RRH

Understanding Massive MIMO Description: MU MIMO with Number of BS antennas >> number of UE s Motivation: Higher reliability, higher throughput, lower TX power, simple single antenna UE design The Graphics Overly simplified! The Math Not completely intuitive! Equations from Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas, by Thomas L. Marzetta 2015 Keysight Technologies

2D Massive MIMO, Free-space Path Loss Only Reference Configuration with 4 Users: Total TX Power 0 db Relative 15,000 λ Target UE (solid) Victim UEs (hollow) UE2 50 omni elements Linear Array ½ λ Spacing 2000 λ Keysight Keysight UE3 UE4 Keysight Keysight 2015 Keysight Technologies

Massive MIMO Free Space 200 Ant,1/2 λ, Total Power Relative to Reference: -9.5 db UE1 UE2 Keysight Keysight UE3 UE4 Keysight Keysight 2015 Keysight Technologies

Observations of Massive MIMO Number of Base Station Antennas Initial Analysis of 1, 2, 4, 8 an 16 base station antennas showed that more antennas always improved performance In the limit of an infinite number of base stations, more antennas continue to improve performance Studies trying to quantify the optimal number of base station antennas suggest a range of a several hundred antennas may be the optimal number Source: HOW MUCH TRAINING IS REQUIRED FOR MULTIUSER MIMO? Thomas L. Marzetta Noncooperative Cellular Wireless with Unlimited Numbers of Base Station Antennas Thomas L. Marzetta Massive MIMO in the UL/DL of Cellular Networks: How Many Antennas Do We Need? Jakob Hoydis, Stephan ten Brink, M erouane Debbah 2015 Keysight Technologies

Observations of Massive MIMO TDD vs. FDD In TDD, the training time is proportional to the number of user terminals In FDD, the training time is proportional to the number of users plus the number of base station antennas Both downlink and uplink channels need to be trained Training on the downlink channel scales with the number of base station antennas The use of massive MIMO in FDD systems remains as one of the key research areas currently under investigation 2015 Keysight Technologies 24