Impact of mm-wave Range and Large Bandwidth on RF System Design R&S Taiwan Feiyu Chen
Simplified RF Architecture ı ITU Band 11 (Extremely High Frequency) 30 to 300 GHz ı Wavelength range 1 to 10 mm Digital Baseband Signal Processing DAC ADC Tx (IF / RF) Rx (IF / RF) Antenna 2
Challenge in DAC/ADC design ı Speed ı Bandwidth ı Dynamic range ı Synchronization performance 3
Challenge in ADC design ı Two-tone signal for intermodulation characterization Important: minimal intermodulation between the 2 tones ı Modulated signals (RF, IF, or analog I/Q signals) 2 GHz BW Phase Coherence 4
Challenge in DAC/ADC testing ı Clock with minimal jitter -170 dbc/hz 5
Challenge in DAC/ADC testing ı Power integrity Noise Ripple Transient Drift Crosstalk Spurious signals DC power (10 mv/div) DC power (1 V/div) 6
Challenge in DAC/ADC testing ı Power supply HMP series Low residual ripple down to 150 uv(rms) Low noise Low residual deviation 7
Challenge in DAC design ı Performance characterization signal quality, e.g. SFDR phase noise harmonics spurious emissions modulation quality 8
5G Challenges PA Implementation Challenge - Very High Data Rate ( = High Bandwidth) Waveform Support high frequency Support high bandwidth Measure modulation accuracy (EVM) RF PA RF 9
PA measurement
PA measurement
PAE typical power added efficiency (PAE) signal amplitude probability 12
PAE Maximum Output Power of the PA 13
R&S Test Solution 5G wideband signal generation and signal analysis Signal and spectrum analysis Analysis up to 90 GHz w/o external mixer and up to 2GHz demodulation bandwidth (internal with FSW-B2001 for FSW43/50, using RTO2044 and FSW-B2000 for FSW26/67/85) Remote controlled RF R&S RTO2044 Signal generation R&S FSW Device under test R&S SMW200A RF 2 RF outputs up to 20GHz each or 1 RF output up to 58 GHz 65 GHz (40GHz w/o V-Band up-converter) with up to 2GHz bandwidth 14
Typical test setup for 5G RF parametric measurements up to 40 GHz R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator Demystifying 5G Numerology and Initial Access Concept for 5G NR June 29 th 2017 R&S FSW Signal and Spectrum Analyzer Up to 40 GHz with up to 2 GHz modulation bandwidth Automatic correction of frequency response independent of frequency, power level and bandwidth Software option SMW-K118 for Verizon Wireless 5GTF testing Option SMW-K114 for early 5G NR testing Dedicated 5G NR option under preparation 43.5 or 50 GHz with 2000 MHz internal analysis bandwidth (B1200, B2001) Option FS-K118/K119 for V5GTF signal analysis (DL and UL) Dedicated 5G NR option under preparation VSE-K96 OFDM Signal Analysis Software for analyzing OFDM-based 5G NR signals TCP/IP
R&S SMW200A Vector Signal Generator ı f-ofdm: with Filter Length = 1 and Subband = 1 generic OFDM signals can be generated. Set FFT size Set subcarrier spacing CP Y/N? Occupied Bandwidth # of Symbols 16
R&S SMW200A vector signal generator
Mapping of Custom IQ signals ı Software option R&S SMW-K114 is very flexible in terms of signal mapping to the defined resource grid ı Sequence is usually first mapped in frequency domain (subcarrier), then in time domain (symbols) ı Any Custom IQ signal, coming out of an simulation environment (e.g. MATLAB) can be mapped to the resource grid
5G NR-like waveform for receiver testing NR-PDCCH Control channel, QPSK (simplified, not taken into account current CORESETs) SS block Gap represents guard symbol and one symbol for e.g. NR-PUCCH NR-PDSCH Data, 64QAM
5G NR-like waveform for receiver testing Detail: SS block
Cell ID: creation of NR-PSS/SSS in Matlab
5G NR-like waveform for receiver testing Detail: NR-PDCCH NR-PDCCH, QPSK 2 symbols due to SCS of 120 khz (simplified, not taken into account current CORESETs) Create a data list and use as payload; data list is a payload sequence, e.g. could come out of the MAC emulator as a Polar Code coded sequence
5G NR-like waveform for receiver testing Detail: NR-PDSCH NR-PDSCH, 64QAM (simplified, doesn t take into account DMRS) Create a data list and use as payload; data list is a payload sequence, e.g. could come out of the MAC emulator as a LDPC coded sequence
Multi-Carrier signal generation up to 2 GHz modulation bandwidth and 40 GHz carrier frequency
R&S VSE vector signal explorer software Analyzing OFDM-based 5G NR signals with option R&S VSE-K96 ı User-definable and standard-independent OFDM demodulator ı Free configuration of parameters like FFT-order, CP length and allocation ı Wizard with a step-by-step guide for easy setup of the configuration file from a captured signal More information at https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/product/vse
From MIMO to beamforming GHz wavelength/2 120 elements 3 50 mm 6 m 30 5 mm 0.6 m 26
Gain (dbi) Gain (dbi) How to Steer Beams? 8 Element Dipole Array Example Principle of Beamforming & Beamsteering Beamsteering (Phase Shift) Sidelobe Suppression 1.Fixed antenna spacing d 2.Choose direction θ 3.Set phase shifts Δφ Broadside To far-field θ Δφ = 2π λ d sin θ φ1 φ2 φ3 Antennas Phase Shifters Attenuators d......... φm 27
R&S Solution Shielding solutions for OTA testing R&S ATS1000 Spherical positioner or Multiple antennas 28
EiRP Measurements OTA Power Sensor: Vivaldi Antenna + Power Meter DUT RF OTA OTA RF Digital DUT 2D Beam-Steering 3D Beam-Steering R&S TS7124 Shielded Box R&S NRPM-A66/81 OTA Power Sensor R&S NRPM3 Power Meter DUT 29
EiRP Measurements 30
R&S Test Solution OTA Test Chambers Large chambers OTA R&D: WPTC (spiral scanner) OTA R&D / Production: ATS1000 OTA R&D: DST200 OTA Production: TS7124 DUT Cars, Base stations Base stations, Laptops, UEs Sub-Arrays, UEs UEs, Tablets UEs Dimensions [W x D x H] Up to 5.8 x 5.2 x 5.1 m 2.4 x 2.4 x 2.4 m to 4.6 x 3.7 x 3.45 m 0.9 x 1.5 x 2 m 0.77 x 0.76 x 0.7 m 0.45 x 0.48 x 0.4 m 31
R&S Antenna Test Solutions Summary Massive MIMO CTIA Radiation Patterns mmwave Beamsteering R&S TS8991 R&S TS8991 PWC for Massive RF Pre-Conformance R&S MIMO TS8991: WPTC R&S TS7830 R&S ZVA/B/C/D DUT R&S SMW200A R&S FSV R&S NRP R&S NRPM-A66 R&S TS-F24 R&S RTO2044 R&S NRPM R&S ATS1000 mmwave Multiport Testing Production & Benchtop R&S ATS1000 R&S ZVA R&S DST200 R&S RTO R&S FSW R&S SMW200+ 6x R&S SGT100 R&S TS7124 R&S FSV/FSP R&S ZNBT R&S ZVC/D R&S SMW200A
5G channel sounding Generation of sounding sequences Real world environment I/Q data capturing Data analysis software I/Q data R&S SMW200A R&S FSW R&S TS-5GCS 33
Summary ı From cell-centric (2G - 4G) to user-centric / application-centric in 5G ı From link efficiency (2G - 4G) to system efficiency in 5G (RAT defined per app) ı From antenna connectors (2G - 4G) to Over-the-Air testing in 5G (antenna arrays, beamforming) ı Increasing demand for security / high reliability in 5G (up to mission- and safety-critical use cases) Rohde & Schwarz is committed to supporting the industry with the T&M solutions needed to investigate, standardize, develop and implement 5G products 34
If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together! African proverb 35