I J C T A, 0(5) 07, pp. 77-88 International Science Press A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power and Harmonics Ch. Sri Prakash * and Kesaa Rao ** Abstract: This paper depicts DSTATCOM for reactie power and harmonic compensation in distribution system. A distribution static compensator (DSTATCOM) proes to be a iable solution for the mitigation of power quality problems. As the power demand raises eery day and implication of non-linear loads increases power quality issues like reduction in reactie power and induction of harmonics. This problem in distribution system is addressed by employing DSTATCOM. By controlling DSTATCOM power quality issues can be addressed. I d I q control theory is simple and can control DSTACOM for reactie power issues and to reduce harmonics. Conentional I d I q theory suffers from high switching losses due to high frequency harmonic current as reference. This paper depicts a noel current reference I d I q theory for compensation of harmonics and reactie power reducing losses and thus system efficiency is increased. Reference signal is taken from the source current instead of conentional method of harmonic reference currents thus enabling the user to hae complete control oer the source parameters. Keywords: Distribution Static compensator (DSTATCOM), harmonics, power quality, Reactie power, current reference.. INTRODUCTION Due to increased power usage these days, supply uninterrupted power supply with good power quality is a major issue for power engineers these days. But the usage of non-linear loads degrades the quality of power and affects the remaining loads connected to distribution system. Large usage of power flags reactie power issues. The main aspect of power system is to delier uninterrupted power supply to the connected loads with improed power quality. Maintaining oltage, current, frequency and power factor under nominal alues is called power quality. Deiation in any of the parameters reports power quality issues. The presence of non-linearity in load makes power network to disturb. Use of more power electronic conerters in this modern era induces harmonics in to the system to which they are connected as they constitute non-linear loads. Also loads consume reactie power due to the presence of reactance. Many researchers hae studied to improe the power quality by using many techniques. Use of custom power deices can help effectiely to delier power with good quality. FACTS deices are a type of custom power deices which can regulate the oltage, line impedance, phase angle between sending end and receiing end oltage. Some of the FACTS deices are STATCOM (static compensator), UPQC (unified power quality conditioner), and DVR (dynamic oltage restorer). STATCOM used in distribution system can be termed as DSTATCOM (distribution static compensator). DSTATCOM [-4] can effectiely control reactie power flow in the system and also can contribute to nullification of harmonics. * ** Superintending Engineer at Trainning Institute,APGENCO, VTPS, Ibrahimpatnam, & Research Scholar, KL Uniersity, Guntur (Dst), AP, India. Email: sriprakash670@gmail.com Professor, Department of EEE, KL Uniersity, Guntur (Dst), AP, India
78 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao DSTATCOM could be a oltage-source electrical conerter (VSI) primarily based shunt deice typically accustomed to compensate reactie-power and disturbances caused by non linear loads connected in distribution system. Performance of DSTATCOM depends on the control strategy employed. For this there are many control techniques for DSTATCOM. Out of aailable control strategies and internal controls of a DSTATCOM play a ery important role in the effectieness of the DSTATCOM in maintaining the power quality at PCC (point of common coupling). For extraction of current reference parts aried management algorithms [5-9] are projected for the management of DSTATCOM like phase shift management, Decoupled current management (p - q theory), hysteresis control and current reference I d - I q theory. In this paper a modified I d - I q theory is used to control DSTATCOM [0-] reducing losses. Reference currents are drawn from the fundamental component rather to reference harmonic current in conentional theory. With this, complete hold oer source can be achieed and can be easily extended for integration of DG in distribution system through DSTATCOM. This paper deals with the planning of the management strategy for DSTATCOM. The distribution static synchronous compensator (DSTATCOM) with proposed control strategy is fundamental current reference I d - I q theory is implemented for reactie power and harmonics compensation. The simulation model of a DSTATCOM has been build up with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK; simulated results are compared with and without DSTSTCOM.. DSTATCOM CONNECTED IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM A D-STATCOM (distribution static compensator) that is schematically represented in Figure includes a oltage delier tool (VSC), a dc hyperlink condenser, a coupling inductances connected in shunt to the distribution network at a point called common coupling (PCC). The VSC conerts the dc oltage throughout the tool into a group of -phase ac output oltages. These oltages are coupled with the ac deice ia the electric phenomenon of the interfacing inductances. Appropriate adjustment of the component and Figure : D-STATCOM connected in distribution system
79 A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power... importance of the DSTATCOM output oltages lets in powerful control of energetic and reactie power exchanges among the DSTATCOM and additionally the ac elements. Control Strategy of DSTATCOM. (a) Proposed Fundamental Current Reference I d I q theory The proposed fundamental current reference I d - I q theory is showed in Figure. In this immediately energetic and reactie cutting-edge factor (I d - I q ) method the liely currents I abc may be receied from the immediately liely and reactie cutting-edge addities I d and I q of the nonlinear load [4]. This technique is ia using park transformation on segment a - b (by Clarke transformation) we are able to get (d - q) addities. In park transformation phase a - b are fed to ector rotation block wherein it is going to be turned around oer an angle q to follow the body d - q. The definitions apply in either the ab0- or dq0-domains and for balanced sinusoidal three-phase systems would yield constant. The PLL is generates sin wt and cos wt components is gien to conersion blocks (abc - dq0). PI controller hae an input from the difference between actual and reference DC oltages. Finally Idc actual is generated is gien to PWM generator which deelops gate pluses for conerter. x x x d q 0 = 4 cos( ) cos cos sin( ) sin q q p q p q q p - Ê Ë Á ˆ - Ê Ë Á ˆ - - Ê Ë Á ˆ - sin q p - Ê Ë Á ˆ 4 (.) a b = 0 - - - sa sb sc (.) Likewise current i sa, i sb, i sc transformed as; i i a b = 0 - - - i i i sa sb sc (.) Inerse Clarke transformation: a b c = 0 0 - - - a b (.4) 0, a, b are zero sequence oltage, a axis, and b axis oltages respectiely
80 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao Figure : Proposed control algorithm Figure : Block diagram of DSTATCOM with simplified control algorithm (B) Block Diagram of DSTATCOM with Simplified Control Algorithm The DSTATCOM is shunted with distribution system used to compensate harmonics and reactie power when non linear loads are connected with system. From Figure it will shows clearly the DSTATCOM is integrated with system, for proper current reference signal a new control strategy is proposed is fundamental current reference I d - I q theory. This control circuit taking an current signal before PCC, after PCC in distribution and V dc reference from conerter. Here the actie and reactie current component (I d - I q ) method is compare the currents form before and after PCC, this signal controls the conduction of IGBT connected in conerter based on this compensation current is generated from conerter [5-6]. 4. Complete block diagram for DSTATCOM with proposed control strategy Figure 4 shows that complete block diagram of DSTATCOM with proposed control strategy connected with non linear load. DSTATCOM is to suppress oltage ariation and control reactie power in phase with system oltage. DSTATCOM is connected to the power networks at a point of common coupling
A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power... 8 (PCC) and measurement of all required oltages and currents are fed into the controller to be compared. The feedback of the outputs were conditioned, if required, by the controller and turn ON the switches in conerter. Figure 4: Complete block diagram of D-STATCOM with proposed control strategy 5. Matlab/Simulink Results and Discussions Simulation models were built for the system without DSTATCOM and with DSTATCOM. Results for the source oltage, load current containing non-linearity, source currents with disturbances, power factor and DC link oltage of VSI conerter are shown for all cases. Table shows the system parameters used to deelop the models. As case, system without DSTATCOM was shown and as case, system with DSTATCOM haing fixed non linear load was shown. Models were deeloped using Matlab/Simulink. Table Simulation Parameters Parameter Source Voltage (Ph-Ph RMS) Source Impedance Load Impedance DC Link Capacitance Proportional Gain 0.8 KV Integral Gain 0.5 Value 0. + j0.8 W 00 + j7.6 W 500 mf
8 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao Case : Results for without DSTATCOM in Distribution system Figure 5: Source oltage without DSTATCOM Figure 6: Source current without DSTATCOM Figure 7: Load current without DSTATCOM
A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power... 8 Figure 8: Power factor without DSTATCOM Figure 5 shows the simulation result of three phase source oltage wae form at non linear load connected in Distribution system without DSTATCOM. The peak amplitude of source oltage is 0V. Figure 6 shows the source current waeforms at non linear load connected in Distribution system without DSTATCOM. Due to non linear load nature the current contains harmonics as showed and has peak current of 8A. as shown, both source current and load current contains harmonics as no compensation was placed. Figure 7 shows the simulation results of three phase load current wae form at non linear load connected in distribution system with magnitude of 8amps. Figure 8 shows the simulation results of power factor without using D-STATCOM. Figure 9: THD analysis of current through load
84 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao Figure 0: THD analysis of Source current Figure 9 depicts the THD in load current. The THD in source current without DSTATCOM is 6.% and Figure 0 shows the THD plot for source current. The % THD alue of source current without DSTATCOM is 6.%. This thd alue indicates presence of harmonics in source current and load current. Case : System with DSTATCOM Figure : Source oltage with DSTATCOM Figure shows the simulation result of three phase source oltage wae form with non linear load connected in distribution system with DSTATCOM. The peak amplitude of source oltage is 0 V. Figure shows the source current waeforms with non linear load connected in distribution system with
A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power... 85 DSTATCOM. Due to non linear load nature the source current contains distortions without DSTACOM but here the source current is sinusoidal because the DSTACOM compensates the harmonoics and reactie component. It has peak current of 0A Figure : Source current with DSTATCOM Figure : Load current with DSTATCOM Figure 4: Compensating current
86 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao Figure shows the simulation results of three phase load current wae form with magnitude of 8amps. Figure 4 shows the compensating DSTATCOM current waeforms injected in to distribution system for harmonic nullification. But load current draws non-linear components as obsered from the result. Figure 5: Power factor with DSTATCOM Figure 6: Load oltage and current Figure 5 shows the simulation results of power factor with DSTATCOM, the power factor was maintained around unity. Figure 6 shows the simulation results of load oltage and current waeform. The magnitude of oltage alue is 0 olts, and the magnitude of current alue is 0 amps. Figure 7 shows THD plot for the load current. The %THD alue of load current with DSTATCOM is 8.54%. Figure 8 shows harmonic distortion FFT analysis in current through source and is.6%. Reduction in THD alue can be clearly obsered in source current since DSTATCOM is connected to compensate harmonics. THD comparison was listed in table. PARAMETERS Table Thd Comparision THD of Source current without DSTATCOM THD of Source current with DSTATCOM Nonlinear load 6.%.6%
A Noel Fundamental Current Reference I d I q Theory Based DSTATCOM for Compensation of Reactie Power... 87 Figure 7: THD in current through load Figure 8: Harmonic Distortion of current in source
88 Ch. Sri Prakash and Kesaa Rao 6. Conclusion This paper depicts a noel control strategy oer conentional method of I d - I q theory based compensation of harmonics and reactie power compensation in power system. In conentional method of I d - I q theory of controlling inerters, reference currents were obtained from harmonic current which increases losses as harmonic current will hae high frequency. But here fundamental current was sent as reference signal reducing losses. Proposed I d - I q theory for DSTATCOM proes satisfactory when performed on power system as shown in results. DSTATCOM effectiely reduces harmonic contents in source current which can be obsered with only.6% of THD when compared to 6.% THD in source current without DSTATCOM. Since the switching of inerter power components are carried out with fundamental frequency, switching losses are reduced thus improing the system efficiency.... 4. 5. 6. 7. References G. Hingoranai Narain and GYugyi Laszlo Understanding Facts A JOHN WILEY & SONS in 000 Inc. publication. R. C. Dugan M. F. McGranaghan and H.W. Beaty Electrical power system quality in Vol., 996 McGraw-Hill c996. K. Padiyar FACTS Controllers in Power Transmission and Distribution 007 New Age International Kundur Prabha Power system Stability and Control in 994 McGraw-Hill. S. P. Gopal and D. R. Patil, Hysteresis Band Current Controller for oltage regulation and harmonic mitigation using DSTATCOM, 06 International Conference on Computation of Power, Energy Information and Commuincation (ICCPEIC), Chennai, 06, pp. 707-7 S. Arya; B. Singh; R. Niwas; A. Chandra; K. Al Haddad, Power Quality Enhancement Using DSTATCOM in Distributed Power Generation System, in IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. PP, No. 99, pp.-. S. S. Pawar, A. P. Deshpande and M. Murali, Modelling and simulation of DSTATCOM for power quality improement in distribution system using MATLAB SIMULINK tool, 05 International Conference on Energy Systems and Applications, Pune, 05, pp. 4-7. 8. F. Shahnia, Application and control of a DSTATCOM to couple neighboring low oltage feeders, 06 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Taipei, 06, pp. 476-48. 9. 0.. K. Kant, S. R. Arya and B. Singh, Current sensorless control algorithm of DSTATCOM for power quality improement, 05 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), New Delhi, 05, pp. -5. M. Angulo D. A. Ruiz-Caballero J. Lago M. L. Heldwein and S. A. Mussa Actie power filter control strategy with implicit closed-loop current control and resonant controller IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 60, No. 7, pp. 7-70 July 0. P. Lohia M. K. Mishra K. Karthikeyan and K. Vasudean A minimally switched control algorithm for three-phase fourleg VSI topology to compensate unbalanced and nonlinear load, IEEE Trans. on Power Electronics, Vol., No. 4, pp. 95-944 July 008. A. Ghosh and G. Ledwich Load compensating DSTATCOM in weak AC systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Deliery, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 0-09 Oct. 00.