Telecommunication Network The Fundamental Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 1
Why do we need to take this course?
List of countries by number of telephone lines in use Rankings Country or regions Number of telephone lines Worldwide 1.16 billion 1 China 269.910.000 2 United States 114.000.000 3 Germany 48.700.000 4 Japan 47.579.000 5 Russia 44.959.000 6 Brazil 41.497.000 7 France 36.431.000 8 United Kingdom 33.209.000 9 Iran 31.740.000 10 India 30.786.703 11 Indonesia 30.378.000 Source: Wikipedia
List of countries by number of mobile phones in use Rankings Country or regions Number of mobile phones Population World 6.880.000.000 7.012.000.000 1 China 1.276.660.000 1.364.270.000 2 India 1.034.253.328 1.295.291.543 3 United States 327.577.529 317.874.628 4 Brazil 284.200.000 201.032.714 5 Russia 256.116.000 142.905.200 6 Indonesia 236.800.000 237.556.363 7 Nigeria 167.371.945 177.155.754 8 Bangladesh 131.376.000 157.497.000 9 Pakistan 132.330.000 180.854.781 10 Japan 121.246.700 127.628.095 Source: Wikipedia
List of countries by number of Internet users Country or area Source: Wikipedia Internet users Rank Percentage Rank China 721.434.547 1 52,2% 82 India 462.124.989 2 34,8% 126 United States 286.942.362 3 88,22% 15 Brazil 120.111.118 4 60,1% 67 Japan 115.111.595 5 89,8% 13 Russia 102.258.256 6 71,3% 46 Nigeria 86.219.965 7 46,1% 95 Germany 71.016.244 8 88% 16 Bangladesh 63.354.000 9 39,20% 112 Mexico 62.954.584 10 50,84% 85 United Kingdom 54.027.428 11 81,92% 27 Indonesia 53.236.719 12 20,4% 143 Country or area Percentage Rank Iceland 96,55% 1 Bermuda 95,30% 2 Norway 95,05% 3 Sweden 94,78% 4 Denmark 94,63% 5 Andorra 94,00% 6 Netherlands 93,96% 7 Liechtenstein 93,80% 8 Luxembourg 93,78% 9 Finland 91,51% 10 Indonesia 20,4% 143
Indonesia Internet User Profile 56 65 y.o. 46 55 y.o. 36 45 y.o. 26 35 y.o. 18 25 y.o. SMARTPHONE Source: APJII Survey 2014
Why do we need to take this course? Because everything goes toward The Internet, and it starts with what you will learn in this course, like 5G, FTTH, Radio, etc.
What is Telecommunication? IEEE Standard Dictionary defines telecommunication as a signal transmission through specific distance. example: telegraph, radio or television. From etymology: Tele = at a distance Communication = information exchange (voice, data, video) Telecommunication: sending information from one point to another through a specific media (cable, optic, radio)
Elements of telecommunication Telecommunication consists of 3 elements: 1. Source (Transmitter) 2. Medium 3. Destination (Receiver) medium
Telecommunication Network Taxonomy 1. From service type point of view: Voice Fixed: PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) / ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Mobile (wireless access): PLMN (Public land mobile network) Data (text, image): Internet (LAN, WAN) Value Added Service: IN (universal access number, premium rate service, freephone, credit call) Entertainment: CATV / HFC (hybrid fiber-coax)
Telecommunication Network Taxonomy 2. From hierarchy (area level) point of view: Access Backbone (Core + Edge)
Telecommunication Network Taxonomy 2. From transfer mode point of view: Circuit switch Packet switch Datagram Virtual circuit Message switch 3. From network element point of view Terminal Access Network Switch (node) Transmission
Telecommunication Network Taxonomy 4. From network planning point of view: Numbering Signaling Routing Transmission Charging Security
Telecommunication Network Taxonomy 5. From direction way point of view: Simplex: one way (uni-directional), ex. radio, TV Half Duplex: two way (bi-directional) un-simultaneously, ex. CB radio Full Duplex: two way (bi-directional simultaneously, ex. telephone 6. From type of current point of view: Direct Current: Morse Code Alternating Current: (all type of medium can transmit this type of current) radio, cable, fiber optic
Basic Concept of Telecommunication Transducer: type of device that can transform energy from one form to another, for example: Microphone: transform voice into electric wave Loudspeaker: transform electric wave into voice
Why do we need to push the boundaries of telecommunication? Because: Distance of the two points of telecommunication become farther Energy consumption for transmission become less abundant Everyone wants to be connected anytime anywhere anyway Everyone wants better service In telecommunication research we need to emphasize on: How do we represent information? How do we sent information? How do we restore information?
History of telecommunication network 1837: Samuel Morse exhibited a working telegraph system 1876: Alexander Graham Bell, invented the first telephone 1951: first direct long distance dialing 1962: first international satellite telephone call 1980: public service of digital networks 1983: 1G (AMPS), analog mobile phone 1991: 2G (GSM), cellular telephones has become common 1998: 3G 2008: 4G Trend: 1. from wired to wireless, 2. from analog to digital, 3. from voice to data
Telecommunication Categories and Development
Analog and Digital Time (X-Axis) Continuous Discrete Continuous Amplitude (Y-Axis) Discrete
Telephony Milestones 1878: PSTN (Public Switches Telephone Network) installed at New Haven and San Francisco Switch without Switch with Switch
Telephony Milestones 1937: Multiplexing was introduced for telecommunication between cities One link carries many telecommunication without Multiplexing with Multiplexing
Elements of telecommunication Telecommunication consists of 3 elements: 1. Source (Transmitter) 2. Medium (Communication Network) Transmission System Transmission Media Modulation Multiplexing Switching Signaling 3. Destination (Receiver) medium
Communication Network Transmission System: Medium: analog microwave, digital microwave, fiber optic, coaxial cable, copper, terrestrial, and satellite Modulation: AM, FM, BPSK, QAM, PSK, FSK, QPSK Multiplexing: FDM, TDM (PDH dan SDH) Switching analog exchange, digital exchange Signaling R2, CCS7
See you on next class