Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Works on Triple-Band

Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Works on Triple-Band Hitendra Jadeja, Ila Parmar, Sarang Masani Abstract This paper presents a compact triple band slotted patch antenna having a circular polarization by using coaxial feed line technique. This antenna covers ISM band. The present antenna is verified using Numerical Technique called Finite Element Method FEM. The conception of these patch antennas are realized by the software HFSS Ansoft-High Frequency Structure Simulator. By properly selecting shapes and dimensions of the embedded slots and changing the shape of the antenna, conductive material, the nature and the thickness of the substratum to have the triple-resonance situations at 2.4/5.1/5.7 GHz are obtained. The present antenna having patch that is square having dimensions 37.5mm 37.5mm and coaxial feed is placed at diagonal. In addition, acceptable radiation characteristics are obtained over the operating bands. Different antenna parameters like return loss, gain along Θ, Ø directions, Cartesian plot, radiation pattern in 2-D and 3-D, E and H Field distributions are simulated using HFSS. Index Terms Antenna parameters, Circular polarization, FEM, Patch antenna, Triple-band. I. INTRODUCTION Due to the rapid development of wireless communication systems, various services have been integrated to collaborate with each other, such as wireless local area network (WLAN) operating in 2.4/5.2/5.8GHz bands; industrial science medical (ISM) assigned at 2.4-2.5 GHz; Bluetooth operating at 2.4-2.484 GHz; worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) system covering at 3.4-3.69 GHz and intelligent transport systems (ITS) working in the 5.8-GHz frequency band. The future generation wireless networks require systems with broad-band capabilities in high mobility environments [1], to satisfy several applications as personal communications, home, car, and office networking. Hitendra Jadeja, Electronics & Communication Department,Parul Institute of Engg & Tech, Vadodara,India, 9898057449. Ila Parmar, Electronics & Communication Department,Parul Institute of Engg & Tech,, Vadodara, India, 9427590265. Sarang Masani, Electronics & Communication Department, Parul Institute of Engg & Tech,, Vadodara, India, 9033976751. All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCSEE The wireless communication market has been greatly expanded and the demands of Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band are increasing, as a good candidate, planar printed antennas have the attractive features of low Profile, easy fabrication, and compatibility with microwave integrated circuit. However, patch antennas have a main disadvantage: narrow bandwidth. Researchers have made many efforts to overcome this problem and many configurations have been presented to extend the bandwidth [2]. The four most popular feeding techniques are the microstrip line, coaxial probe, aperture coupling, and proximity coupling [3] [4]. Various techniques like using Frequency Selective Surface [5] [6], Employing stacked configuration [7], using thicker profile for folded shorted patch antennas[8], use of thicker substrate [10], slot antennas like U-slot patch antennas together with shorted patch [10], double U-slot patch antenna [11], L-slot patch antenna [8], annular slot antenna [12], double C patch antenna [13], E-shaped patch antenna [14], and feeding techniques like L-probe feed [15], circular coaxial probe feed [1], proximity coupled feed are used to enhance bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna. The size of feeding patch and thickness of dielectric should be taken care. The techniques to reduce the size of the patch like use of short circuited element [16]-[17], high dielectric constant material [18], slots [9], and resistive loading [19] have been proposed. But, the choice of slot antenna [20] introduced the drawback of narrow bandwidth and poor circular polarization performance and complex laser cutting of solar cells is required to achieve desired shape during fabrication. Monoplole [21], printed monopole [22] [23], dipole antennas improve the bandwidth to a greater extent. But, monopole antennas are of large size and difficult to build and integrate. Printed monopole antennas also have numerous advantages like low profile, small size and easy integration but has disadvantage of low broad impedance bandwidth and low omnidirectional radiation pattern. The dipole antennas have large input impedance. So, an impedance matching transformer or balun coil at feed point is required which increases the size of antenna. In this paper, A compact size patch antenna is proposed with dielectric substrate as duroid 5880 with εr=2.20 and dimensions are base on resonant frequency. Various attempts are made to adjust the dimensions of the patch to improve the parameters like return loss, VSWR, gain along Θ, Ø directions, radiation pattern in 2-D and 3-D, axial ratio, E and H Field Distributions, Current Distributions using HFSS 11.0 which is a high performance full wave EM field simulator for arbitrary 3D volumetric passive device modeling that takes advantage of the familiar Microsoft Windows graphical user interface. It integrates simulation, visualization, solid modeling, and automation in an easy to learn environment 124

where solutions to your 3D EM problems are quickly and accurate obtained. Ansoft HFSS employs the Finite Element Method (FEM), adaptive meshing, and brilliant graphics to give you unparalleled performance and insight to all of the 3D EM problems. Section II is a briefing on feeding technique then circular polarization is in Section III, while Section IV presents triple Band patch antenna, Section V shows the results and discussion. Finally, conclusion is given in Section VII. II. FEEDING TECHNIQUES microstrip antenna can be driven along a diagonal and produce circular polarization. The aspect ratio of this rectangle is chosen so each orthogonal mode is both non-resonant. At the driving point of the antenna one mode is +45 degrees and the other -45 degrees to produce the required 90 degree phase shift for circular polarization. This paper present single feed having a rectangular slotted patch and fit the feed at the diagonal. IV. MICROSTRIP ANTENNA DESIGN This paper started with single rectangular patch antenna after that the slot inserts in the patch. The antenna is simulated on an Roger RT/duroid 5880(tm) substrate with dielectric constant of 2.20 and a loss tangent of 0.0009. The parameters without slot in antenna are: The thickness of the substrate is 6.7 mm. The ground plan is of 130mm 130mm also having patch of size 49.6mm 37.5mm. Fig.1 Coaxial Feed. The Coaxial feed or probe feed is one of the most common techniques used for feeding microstrip patch antennas. In that, the inner conductor of the coaxial connector extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating patch, while the outer conductor is connected to the ground plane. The main advantage of this type of feeding scheme is that the feed can be placed at any desired position inside the patch in order to obtain impedance matching. This feed method is easy to fabricate and has low spurious radiation effects. III. CIRCULAR POLARIZATION To get a circular polarization there are many methods like It is also possible to fabricate patch antennas that radiate circularly-polarized waves. One approach is to excite a single square patch using two feeds, with one feed delayed by 90 with respect to the other. This drives each transverse mode with equal amplitudes and 90 degrees out of phase. Each mode radiates separately and combines to produce circular polarization. This feed condition is often achieved using a 90 degree hybrid coupler. When the antenna is fed in this manner, the vertical current flow is maximized as the horizontal current flow becomes zero, so the radiated electric field will be vertical; one quarter-cycle later, the situation will have reversed and the field will be horizontal. The radiated field will thus rotate in time, producing a circularly-polarized wave. An alternative is to use a single feed but introduce some sort of asymmetric slot or other feature on the patch, causing the current distribution to be displaced. A square patch which has been perturbed slightly to produce a rectangular Fig.2 Patch antenna for one resonant frequency on HFSS. The purpose antenna in Fig.2 works on 2.4 GHz resonant frequency in ISM band. V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table I. Antenna parameter without slot Frequency Gain Return Loss 2.4 GHz 8.4779 db 28.8355 db 125

The parameters with slot in antenna are: The thickness of the substrate is 1.6 mm. The ground plan is of 42mm 42mm also having patch of size 37.5mm 37.5mm. Fig.3 Return Loss Fig.3 shows the return loss Curve for the present antenna at 2.4 GHz. A return loss of 28.8355dB is obtained at desired frequency. VI. TRIPLE BAND PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN AND RESULT ANALYSIS The present antenna in Fig. 6 works on 2.4/5.1/5.7 GHz resonant frequency in ISM band. It works on triple resonant frequency in the ISM band. Present antenna having a single feed with slotted patch and insert the feed at the diagonal. Fig.6 Patch antenna for triple resonant frequency on HFSS Fig.4 2D Gain Total Fig.7 Side view of patch antenna on triple band Fig.5 3D Gain Total Fig.4-5 shows the antenna gain in 2D &3D patterns. The gain of proposed antenna at 2.4GHz is obtained as 8.4779dB. The gain above 6dB is acceptable. Fig.8 Return Loss Fig.7 shows the side view of microstrip patch antenna works on triple ISM band. Fig.8-9 shows the 2D and 3D Gain Total respectively. All Rights Reserved 2012 IJARCSEE 126

Table II. Antenna parameter with slot Frequency GHz Return Loss 2.4 24.5401 5.1 11.6833 5.7 25.1690 Fig.11 Radiation pattern of 5.1 GHz antenna at phi 0deg & 90deg Fig.9 3D Cartesian plot Fig.12 Radiation pattern of 5.7 GHz antenna at phi 0deg & 90deg Fig.10 Radiation pattern of 2.4 GHz antenna at phi 0deg & 90deg Fig. 13 E-field distribution on patch antenna at 2.4 GHz 127

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AUTHORS: ISSN: 2277 9043 Hitendra Jadeja received the B.E degree in Electronics and communication from Atmiya Institute of Tech & Science under Saurastra University, Rajkot, and Gujarat in 2011. Currently he is pursuing M.E in Electronics & communication from Parul Institute of Engg. & Tech. under GTU, Gujrat. His research interest includes Antenna and micro wave communication and their applications. Jadeja Hitendra may be reached at hitendra.jadeja.engg@gmail.com. Ila Parmar received the B.E degree in Electronics from M S University, Vadodara, Gujarat in 2003. And M.E degree in Industrial Electronics from M S University, Vadodara, Gujarat in 2007. Her research interest includes Antenna and micro wave communication and their applications. She has a 6.5 year experience in teaching only. Ila Parmar may be reached at ela_earth11@yahoo.co.in@gmail.com. Sarang Masani received the B.E degree in Electronics and communication from Atmiya Institute of Tech & Science under Saurastra University, Rajkot,Gujrat in 2011. Currently he is pursuing M.E in Electronics & communication from Parul Institute of Engg. & Tech. under GTU, Gujarat. His research interest includes Antenna and micro wave communication and their applications. Masani Sarang may be reached at sarang10sarang@gmail.com. 129