DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AM RADIO RECEIVER BY RAJAB HAYATUDEEN OGIRI. 2005/22033EE ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA, NIGER STATE. NOVEMBER, 2010
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AM RADIO RECEIVER BY RAJAB HA Y ATUDEEN OGIRI 2005/22033EE A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY MINNA, NIGER STATE NOVEMBER, 2010 ii
DEDICATION This report is dedicated to Almighty Allah for His mercy and protection throughout my year of study, to my loving family of Alh. Muhammad Rajab Ogiri for their prayers and financial assistant rendered during my stay in school, May Allah guide them throughout their lives. ii
DECLARATION. I, Rajab Hayatudeen Ogiri. Declare that this work was done by.rne and has never been presented elsewhere for the award of a degree. I also hereby relinquish the copyright to the Federal University of Technology, Minna. RAJAB HAYATUDEEN OGIRI. NAME OF STUDENT ENGR. (Mrs) CAROLINE ALENOGHENA NAME OF SUPERVISOR etfo/~/o.- SIGNATURE AND DATE SIGNATURE AND DATE ENGR. A.G RAJ! NAME OF HOD NAME OF EXTERNAL EXAMINER SIGNATURE AND DATE SIGNATURE AND DATE - I iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I give thanks to Almighty Allah for his mercy, protection and blessings over me from the beginning of my life to where I am now and to be in future. I wish to acknowledge the contribution of my supervisor Engr. (Mrs) Caroline Alenoghena who in spite of her numerous academic responsibility, found time to guide me through my project work, my technical supervisor Mal. Yahaya Ibrahim, lecturers, Technical Staff and students in the department for their interest and encouragement. My gratitude to my parents Alh. Muhammad rajab Ogiri, Haj. Salamatu Rajab, Haj Lauratu Rajab, Haj. Na;ima Rajab and Haj. Aishatu Rajab and the entire family ofogiri's for their ceaseless prayers, support and encouragement throughout the course of my study. My profound appreciation to my Brothers Aliyu, Abubakar, Muhammad, Hamza, Hussain, Mahmud and others, and also my sisters for their prayers and encouragement rendered anytime the need arises, I equally remain thankful to the following people; Mal. Umar Dada Paiko, Mal. Sulaiman Zubairu, Mal Bashir Yankuzo, and all members of MSSN FUT Minna for their regular admonition and advise throughout my school period. I also appreciate the effort of my schoolmates which include: Aliyu Saliu 0., Rufai Ahmad Rufai, Nurudeen Ayandokun 0, Is'aq Olaniyan 0, Abdullahi M Sanni, Adamu Isah Kinami, Muhammad M Abubakar and Ahmad Sadiq for their prayers, advices & tutorials. iv
ABSTRACT This report present the basic concept to the design and construction of an AM radio receiver that operates between the medium wave (MW) band of 530KHz to 1600KHz, the aim is achieved by receiving a radio wave from transmitting station through receiving antenna and then when through processes(such as amplifying, mixing, demodulating) and reproduces an audio sound at the loudspeaker output, the selectivity, sensitivity are high where as noise and distortion are low, the construction was tested and found working. v
TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER PAGE..........................i TITLE PAGE...................... ii DEDICATION PAGE............. iii DECLARATION PAGE......iv ACKNOWLEGMENT PAGE......................... v ABSTRACT......... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS.............. vii CHAPTER ONE............... 1 1.1 introduction.................... 1 1.2 modulation.................................... 1 1.3 Amplitude Modulation......... 1 1.4 A.M Radio Receiver............... 2 1.5 Types of A.M Radio Receiver............... 3 1.6 Differences between FM and AM Receiver............4 1.7 Objectives.................... 4 1.8 Scope of the work..................... 5 CHAPTER TWO..................... 6 2.0 Literature Review..................... 6 2.1 Block Diagram of an AM Receiver................... 8 2.2 Stages of an AM Receiver.......... 8 2.3 Reasons for modulation................. 9 2.4 Function and Basic Parameter of a Receiver....... 10 2.5 Limitations of Amplitude modulation.................... 11 2.6 Radio Frequency Spectrum.............. 12 vi
CHAPTER THREE..... 14 3.0 Design Implementation......... ~... 14 3.1 Receiving Antenna........ 14 3.2 Tuned Circuit............... 15 3.21 Radio Frequency Stage... 17 3.22 Oscillator Stage................. 17 3.3 Mixer Stage... 17 3.4 Intermediate Frequency... 18 3.41 Intermediate Frequency Stage... 18 3.5 Detector Circuit......... ;.............. 19 3.51 Detector Stage... 19 3.6 Audio Frequency Amplifier.............22 3.61 Audio Frequency Stage... 22 3.7 Loudspeaker........... 22 3.8 Power Supply Stage...... 24 3.9 Principle of Operation... 25 3.10 Complete Circuit Diagram... 26 CHAPTER FOUR............... 27 4.0 Test, Result and Discussion... 27 4.1 Construction tools and Requirement.... 27 4.11 Electronic Tools and Equipments Used...27 4.2 Construction Details...... ~... 28 4.21 Construction of the Power Supply Unit....................... 29 vii
4.22 Construction of the RF coil................. 29 4.23 Construction of the LM386... 29 4.24 Mounting of the Ganged Capacitor... 29. 4.25 Project Casing...,... 30 4.3 Testing................. 30 4.4 Result............ 31 4.5 Discussion of Result......... 32 CHAPTER FIVE................... 33 5.0 Conclusion...... 33 5.1 Recommendation........... 34. viii