HOME INFORMATICS AND TELEMATICS Information, Technology and Society
IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states, IFIP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people. IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number oftechnical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; open conferences; working conferences. The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered.
HOME INFORMATICS AND TELEMATICS Information, Technology and Society IFlP TC9 WC9.3 International Conference on Home Oriented Informatics and Te/ematics (HOIT2000), at Home: Virtual Influences on Everyday Life" June 28-30, 2000, Wolverhampton, UK Edited by Andy Sloane University of Wolverhampton UK Felix van Rijn Educatieve Faculteit Amsterdam The Netherlands SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data IFIP TC9 WG9.3 International Conference on Home Oriented Informatics and Telematics (2000: Wolverhampton, England) Home informatics and telematics: information, technology, and society: IFIP TC9 WG9.3 International Conference on Home Oriented Informatics and Telematics (HOlT 2000), "IT at home, virtual influences on everyday life" : June 28-30, 2000, Wolverhampton, UK / edited by Andy Sloane, Felix van Rijn. p. cm. - (IFIP ; 45) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4757-5415-5 ISBN 978-0-387-35511-5 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35511-5 I. Microcomputers-Congresses. 2. Computers-Social aspects-congresses. I. Sloane, Andy, 1954- II. Rijn, Felix van. QA75.5.1378 2000 00-031331 Copyright 2000 by IFIP Springer International Science+Business Federation Media for Information New York Processing Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Printed on acid-free paper.
The original version of the book frontmatter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. The Erratum to the book frontmatter is available at DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-35511-5_17
Contents Contributors Acknowledgements Preface ix Vll xiii Xl xiii xv CITIZEN SCIENCE IMPLICATIONS OF PUBLIC ACCESS TO 3-D HYPERMEDIA EDITING AND INTERACTIVITY IN THE HOME KRESTEN BJERG ENHANCED TELEVISION AND INTERACTIVE SERVICES 21 CLAIRE DORMANN REAL AND VIRTUAL CONFERENCES 33 D LAWRENCE, R RoY, P K CHAWDHRY METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES IN THE STUDY OF TECHNOLOGY USE AT HOME 45 ARNE KJAER, KIM HALSKOV MADSEN AND MARIANNE GRAVES PETERSEN DIRECT AND MEDIATED INTERACTION IN THE MAINTENANCE OF SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS RICH LING 61
viii VI Contents USING E-MAIL FOR SOCIAL AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES 87 KATHY BUCKNER AND MARK GILLHAM THE PATHS OF WORK AND ICT INTO THE HOME LENNART STURESSON ICT APPROPRIATION BY SMALL BUSINESSES JOPIERSON FAMILYWARE KEN Go, JOHN CARROLL AND ATSUMI lmamiy A WEB-BASED F AMIL Y NOTICEBOARD WENYU HUANG, ANDY SLOANE AND ARTHUR HARRIS HOME INFORMATION SYSTEMS ANDY SLOANE, ARTHUR HARRIS AND WENYU HUANG 99 109 125 141 151 INVISIBLE TECHNOLOGIES, INVISIBLE BOUNDARIES? 161 KATJA OKSANEN-SÄRELÄ SCHOOL'S OUT 169 JOHN M. CARROLL AND MARY BETH ROSSON USER-CENTRED DESIGN ANDREWMONK ON PURCHASING A HOME COMPUTER HANNU LAHTINEN A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF COMPUTING INTHEHOME ALLADI VENKATESH, ERIC SHIH AND NORMAN STOLZOFF ERRATUM TO: HOME INFORMATICS AND TELEMATICS Andy Sloane and Felix van Rijn Index 181 191 205 E1 217
Contributors Kresten Bjerg, Retired Associate Professor, Copenhagen, Denmark. Kathy Buckner, Department of Information College, Edinburgh, UK. kresten@axp.psl.ku.dk Institute for Psychology, University of k.buckner@mail.qmced.ac.uk Management, Queen Margaret University P K Chawdhry, P.K.Chawdhry@bath.ac.uk Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK. John M. Carroll, carroll@cs. vt. edu Center for Human-Computer Interaction, Virginia Tech, USA. Claire Dormann, claire@cti.dtu.dk Center for Tele-Information, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark. Mark Gillham, m.gillham@mail.qmced.ac.uk Department of Information Management, Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh, UK. Ken Go, go@media.yamanashi.ac.jp Department of Computer Science and Media Engineering, Yamanashi University, Japan. Arthur Harris, cm1830@scitsc.wlv.ac.uk CoNTACT Research Group, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Lichfield St, Wolverhampton, UK. Wenyu Huang, wenyu@scit.wlv.ac.uk CoNTACT Research Group, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Lichfield St, Wolverhampton, UK.
xviii Contributors Atsumi Imamiya, imamiya@media.yamanashi.ac.jp Department of Computer Science and Media Engineering, Yamanashi University, Japan. Arne Kjaer, akjaer@imv.au.dk Information and Media Science Aarhus University, Niels Julesgade 84, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Dave Lawrence, dave7@mdx.ac.uk School of Computing Science, Middlesex University, Trent Park, London, UK. Hannu Lahtinen, cshala@uta.fi University of Tampere, Saarenpaantie 15, 62100 Lapua, Finland. Rich Ling, Richard.Ling@kjeller.fou.telenor.no Telenor FoU, Kjeller, Norway. Kim Halskov Madsen, halskov@imv.au.dk Information and Media Science, Aarhus University, Aabogade 34, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Andrew Monk, a.monk@psych.york.ac.uk University of York, York, U.K. Marianne Graves Petersen, mgraves@daimi.au.dk Computer Science Dept Aarhus University Aabogade 34, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark. Jo Pierson, Jo.Pierson@vub.ac.be Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels), Studies on Media, Information and Telecommunications (SMIT), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. R Roy, r.roy@cranfield.ac.uk Department of Enterprise Integration, School of Industrial and Manufacturing Science, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedford, UK Mary Beth Rosson, rosson@cs.vt.edu Center for Human-Computer Interaction and Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0106, USA. Katja Oksanen-Sarela, katja.oksanen-sarela@uiah.fi Future Media Home, Media Lab, Helsinki University of Art and Design, Helsinki, Finland. Eric Chuan-Fong Shih, Center for Research on Information Technology and eshih@uci.edu Organizations, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. Andy Sloane, Andy.Sloane@computer.org CoNTACT Research Group, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wolverhampton, Lichfield St, Wolverhampton, UK.
Contributors xi ix Lennart Sturesson, lenst@tema.liu.se Linkoping University, Dept of Technology and Social Change (Tema n, S-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden. Norman C. StolzotT, nstolzoj@uci.edu Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California, Irvine, California, USA. A1ladi Venkatesh, avenkate@uci.edu Center for Research on Information Technology and Organizations, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
Acknowledgements The editors would like to thank the international programme committee, the organise ring committee and the authors of all the papers submitted to the HOIT2000 conference "IT at home: Virtual influences on everyday life". International Programme Committee Felix van Rijn NL (Chair), Andy Sloane, UK, Gisela Lehmer, D, Rich Ling, N, Jacques Berleur, B, Ruby Roy Dholakia, US, Walther Brenner, D, Leslie Haddon, UK, Carolien Metselaar, NL, Peter Mambrey, D. Organising Committee (University of Wolverhampton) Andy Sloane, Arthur Harris, Phil Whittingham, Melanie Moss.
Preface This volume is composed of the best papers submitted to the HOIT2000 conference held in Wolverhampton, U.K. in June 2000. The conference, entitled "IT at home: Virtual influences on everyday life", and the papers reflect the wide variety of these influences that are coming to bear on our everyday experience, be it through the increasing use of computers or the rapid development of new telecommunications systems. The conference has been organised by IFIP Working Group 9.3 - Home-Oriented Informatics and Telematics (HOIJ), in association with IFIP Working Group 13.2- Methodology for user-centred system design. This gives a broad range of topics that are within the sphere of interest of the participants and the authors of the papers. The disciplines involved in the study of this subject area are varied composing computing, telecommunications, psychology, sociology, business studies and others. The conference is the second in a series of HOlT conferences, the first being held in Copenhagen in 1994. The subject is now more mature with the various disciplines being increasingly interested in the home as a research domain. The various technical developments over the time since the first conference have also had a profound effect on the way in which people communicate both in the home and at work. The rise in the use of the Internet has changed the way in which many people view communication and access to information sources. This is reflected in many of the papers in this volume and the title of the conference was chosen to incorporate this change in communication that has spread widely into homes in many countries. In the conference, paper sessions, panel discussions and group discussions have been combined to improve understanding of the various disciplines that influence our understanding of the home environment.
xvi XIV Preface The papers in this volume have been grouped where there are similarities in the subject area and these reflect the research priorities of the many authors who have contributed. The various subject areas used here and in the conference are: services, methodology, mediated social interaction, telework and the home, home software, technology, community networks and analysis of PC use and purchase. These combine with keynote speeches by Kresten Bjerg and Andrew Monk to provide a book and conference that sums up what is currently the state of research in HOlT and the Hel of household technology. The first paper is the keynote speech by Kresten Bjerg, a former chair of WG 9.3 and a HOlT researcher for over 20 years. This paper expands on the theoretical basis for the study of HOlT and gives a comprehensive background to the SUbject. The other keynote paper by Andrew Monk outlines the challenges of the home environment for user-centred design of household technology Services: The two papers in the services section look at enhanced television and interactive services (Claire Dormann) and virtual conferences (Lawrence, Roy and Chawdhry). These two papers look at what is currently available and what is likely to be important in services to the home in the near future. Methodology: The paper by Kjaer, Madsen and Petersen looks at the difficulty of performing experiments with subjects in the home environment where various problems can affect the experimental observations and it is often difficult to perform useful experiments. Mediated social interaction: The two papers in this section look at different aspects of this subject. Firstly, Rich Ung discusses the range of social interactions that take place between people and also looks at the effect of new technology. Also, in this section is a paper by Buckner and Gillham which looks specifically at the use of email as a tool for social and domestic communication. Telework and the home: Both papers in this section are concerned with the interactions between work, the home and information and communication technology(ict). The progress of telework is still a live area for research and its influence on the lives of teleworkers and home dwellers is widely researched. Home software: The papers here look at new approaches to software and devices that will be used by people to communicate in the home and between family members. Go, Carroll and Imamiya discuss Familyware-software and devices that allow informal communication in the background of everyday life. The paper by Huang, Harris and Sloane looks at the use of commonly available technology to facilitate simple communication between people in various home settings.
Preface xvii Technology: The technology papers cover the subjects of storage in home information systems (Sloane, Harris and Huang) and the role of technology in the "smart home" (Katya Oksanen-SareHi) Community networks: The paper by Carroll and Rosson investigates the use of community networks to support learning at home. Analysis of PC use and purchase: The final section contains two papers which are the results of two different studies into PC purchase and use. The paper by Hannu Lahtinen examines the decision to buy a computer and the influence of various factors on that decision. The second paper by Venkatesh, Shih and Stolzoff outlines the long term picture of PC use in the USA based on census data. This breadth of subject areas shows the interest that currently exists for HOIT research and the varied disciplines that combine to allow valuable exchange between researchers in different subjects. The aim of this volume is to represent what is currently being done in the HOlT area and that has been successfully achieved by the authors of the various papers included here. Further information on HOIT research arising from the conference deliberations and subsequent work by Working Group 9.3 will be included on the conference web site at http://hoit2000.scit.wlv.ac.uk. Andy Sloane and Felix van Rijn - Editors IFIP Working Group 9.3