Year 7 Graphics My Teacher is : Important Information > Good behaviour is an expectation > Bring correct equipment to your graphics lesson > Complete all homework set and hand in on time > Enter and leave the lesson in correct uniform > If you are unsure ask > DO NOT touch computers unless told to > Try your best! Name Form: Group: Target Level 4A Final Level
2 Contents Page No. Page Description 1 Contents Page 2 The Big Picture - What is Graphic Design? 3 Equipment 4 Measuring Accurately 5 Drawing accurately to scale 6 Practice drawing to scale 7 One Point Perspective 8 One Point Perspective Worksheet 9 Create and label a One Point Perspective cube 10 Two Point Perspective Worksheet 11 Create and label a Two Point Perspective cube 12 Isometric Projection 13 Isometric Drawing Worksheet 14 Isometric Drawing Task 15 Isometric Grid Paper Underlay 16 Crating 17 Orthographic Projection and Elevations 18 Dimensions 19 Test Answer Sheet 20 Monochromic Rendering 21 Rendering a cube with Pencil and Marker Pen 22 Tonal Rendering 23 Rendering a Train Worksheet 24 Applying a Texture to a 3D Form 25 Year 7 Graphics Assessment Sheet 26 Year 7 Student Feedback Sheet
3 The Big Picture Definition: Graphic Design has been around as long as man has been making marks; first on stone canyons or dry earth, now ephemerally and globally on the World Wide Web. Graphic Designers work designing print, environmental (signage systems) or electronic forms of visual information, as for an advertisement, publication, or web site. All this is managed by a skilful use and understanding of type, colour, and A designer creatively communicates your idea, your product and your solution to the world. In the space below complete the spider diagram identifying as many products that you think a graphic designer would produce. You should identify a minimum of 8 products - perhaps you can identify more? CD Album Covers Graphic Products Company Logo s Fonts Some examples of graphical products.
4 Equipment Lead Pencil Grades of Pencil The most common piece of drawing equipment is the pencil. Pencils are available in up to 19 different grades ranging from 9H (Very hard) to EE (Very Soft). Typically graphic designers will work with 2H and HB most of the time. ALWAYS USE A SHARP PENCIL You will only be expected to use HB and 2H in Yr 7 A pencil can produce a variety of tones, ranging from light grey to heavy black. Darker tones are produced by pressing harder with the pencil. As you slowly release the pressure on the pencil a lighter tone is produced. As you get lighter you produce a graduated tone. Using the example given below, create a graduated tone in the empty box provided. Graduated Tone Extension Activity
5 Equipment Eraser Ruler At some point you are bound to make a mistake! Pencil lines can be rubbed out in the normal way with a traditional rubber. You may however find it less messy to use a Plastic Eraser (see image). Mistakes in Ink can sometimes be removed using an Ink rubber identified because of it s blue appearance. Plastic Eraser Ink Rubber ALWAYS TRY AND KEEP YOUR PAPER AS CLEAN AS POSSIBLE In graphic design all measurements are made in mm. Reminder: 10mm = 1cm 100mm = 10cm 1000mm = 1m cm Measurements mm Measurements ANY MEASUREMENTS THAT YOU MAKE OR ANY DRAWINGS THAT YOU PRODUCE MUST BE ACCURATE TO 1MM.
6 Measuring Accurately Measure accurately to the nearest mm. 1 2 3 4 5 Draw accurately to the nearest mm. 1. 2. 3. 64mm 21mm 11mm 4. 5. 6. 54.6mm 33.3mm 18.9mm Drawing Accurately to Scale A scale drawing is a drawing that represents a real object. 11 It is drawn to exactly the same size as the real object, therefore the scale is 1:1 (i.e. 10 mm of the actual object is drawn as 10 mm on the scale drawing, EXACTLY THE SAME SIZE)
7 Practice Drawing to Scale Draw the following shapes on the grid below to the following scales: 1) Draw all of the shape to a scale of 1:2 2) Draw all of the shapes to a scale of 2:1 3) Draw on of the shapes to a scale of 1 : 1.5 1 2 3 Use this grid as an underlay for plain white paper.
8 1 Point Perspective Perspective drawings use vanishing points to give the illusion of depth. Drawings can use 1 / 2 or even 3 vanishing points to create this illusion. How many vanishing points does this drawing have? How our eyes see the world. Parallel lines converge towards a single point on the horizon. As things go away from us they appear to get smaller. As things go away from us they appear to get closer together. Looking away down the railway track.
9 1 Point Perspective Worksheet The cube opposite is drawn with one vanishing point and as a result the front face is completely visible with remaining sides slowly fading toward the back edges Working on a separate page, follow the instruction below, produce and label your own 1 point perspective cube. Stage 1 : Drawing the Front Face Stage 2 : Identify the Vanishing Point Vanishing Point Parallel Parallel Using very light lines with either a HB or a 2H pencil draw a grid (see diagram) make sure that all of the lines are parallel. Make sure that the box that you have drawn in the centre of the grid is perfectly square. Identify the position of the vanishing point with a small x. Using construction lines join each of the corners of the Front Face to the centre of the vanishing point. Corner of Front Face Stage 3 : Decide how Deep your Form will be. Carefully draw in the back edges of your form. Make sure that the lines are parallel to the sides of the front face. Using a HB pencil, draw in all of the remaining edges of the 3D form. Use a Plastic Eraser to remove the construction lines and complete the drawing.
10 Create and label a 1 point perspective cube. Vanishing Point x Ground Level
11 2 Point Perspective Worksheet The cube opposite is drawn with two vanishing points and as a result the sides look as if they are slowly fading away into the distance. Two vanishing points gives this 'feel' to a drawing. Working on a separate page, follow the instruction below, produce and label your own 1 point perspective cube. Stage 1 Stage 2 Draw the horizon line then mark two vanishing points on the horizon as far apart as possible. Then draw one edge of the cube beneath the horizon line and in the centre between the vanishing points. Draw construction lines from the top & bottom of the edge of the cube to the vanishing points Stage 3 Draw the right side edge and left side edge of the cube so that two sides of the cube are parallel to the first edge Stage 4 Draw faint construction lines from the ends of these lines to either vanishing point. Stage 5 Use a fine black pen to draw over the outline of the cube.
12 Create and label a 2 point perspective cube. x x Extension Task Using the diagram below add another cube above the horizon line.
13 Isometric Projection Isometric Projection In isometric projection all vertical lines on an object remain vertical while horizontal lines are drawn at 30 to the horizontal. Their advantage is that they show the object's dimensions accurately and in correct proportion to each other, making it easy to draw the projection correctly to scale from a plan view. Equipment Isometric Triangle Drawing Board 2H Pencil
14 Producing an Isometric drawing. Stage 1 Set up your drawing board so that a sheet of A3 paper is securely fastened. Using the parallel motion bar, draw a light construction roughly 1/3 way from the bottom of the page. This line is called a DATUM line. Construction Line Stage 2 Using the triangle draw a vertical construction line across the centre of the datum line. This line is called the Leading Edge Keep the base (short edge) of the triangle tight to the top of the parallel motion bar and draw a LIGHT line. Parallel motion bar. Stage 3 Using the triangle draw two 30º lines that disect the datum line and the leading edge. Do not draw the lines from the very tip of the triangle, as this can be less accurate. Stage 4 Using a ruler measure 50mm from the centre point away from the leading edge and 50mm up the leading edge. 50mm from vertical leading edge. Stage 5 Using the long edge of your triangle extend two vertical and parallel line up through the 50mm markers. Stage 6 Using the 30º angle draw two parallel lines through the centre 50mm mark away from the leading edge. Stage 7 Using the 30º angle draw in the back edges of your cube. Stage 8 Using a Fine Line pen carefully draw in all of the edges of your Isometric cube. Be very careful not to smudge the ink as you apply your ink lines.
15 Task. Using the process that you have just used, draw four more cubes of varying size onto your page. Different Sized Isometric Cubes. Limits of Isometric drawing. The blue sphere is two levels higher than the red one, but this cannot be seen if one looks only at the left half of the picture. If the pier that the blue sphere is on were extended by one square, it would align perfectly with the square the red sphere is on, creating an optical illusion, making it look like both spheres are on the same level. Extension Activity If you now feel confident that you are able to produce a drawing effectively using Isometric projection, using the picture above to guide you try and recreate the picture as a line drawing using the skills that you have learnt.
16 Isometric Grid Paper Use this grid as an underlay for plain white paper.
17 Crating Drawing objects can be made much simpler if they are reduced to their basic shapes. Once you have determined the shape the object can be drawn within it. The crate can be drawn in 3D using Isometric or perspective drawing. Task. Using the isometric grid paper on the page overleaf, crate a series of shapes onto the page. Initial you should use the wooden blocks provided, when you feel more confident move onto an object of your choice such as a computer keyboard, mouse or computer monitor. Some students will feel confident enough to crate shapes without the use of the Isometric grid paper.
18 Orthographic Projection Orthographic projection shows complex objects by doing a 2D drawing of each side to show the main features. Orthographic drawings usually consist of a front view, a side view and a plan, but more views may be shown for complex objects with lots of detail. A drawing board and parallel motion or T-square is used to project one view from another. Orthographic drawing may be done using first angle projection or third angle projection. The graphic below shows the differences between the two Elevations When architects design buildings they have to draw 2D drawings to show what the building will look like from each side. These drawings are called plans and elevations. The view from the top is called the plan. The view from the front and sides are called the elevations. The view from the front and sides are called the elevations. Give an example of how an Orthographic Drawing can be used to manufacture a product?
19 Orthographic Projection Working Drawings A common Language European standards are a list of drawing rules that provide a common language so that everyone can understand your drawing e.g. if you were to send your drawing to Glasgow for someone to make, they would fully understand your drawing. Dimensions Projection Lines Projection line no longer than 5mm in length. Dimensions Dimension Lines Projection lines should be drawn Faintly along your construction lines. They MUST never touch the object and should start 2 mm away from the object and be 5mm in length. You can use as many projection lines as necessary to show the height / length / depth of your object. 2mm Gap Between Object and Projection Line. Dimension lines MUST be drawn at 90 to the projection line. The dimension line MUST meet the projection line and not exceed it. The dimension line should be positioned and meet in the centre of the projection lines. 2mm Gap Between Object and Projection Line. Dimensions Dimensions Arrows Arrow heads MUST be Numbers / Measurements 35 SLENDER BLACK FILLED The back of the arrow should be NO MORE than 4mm in width. Any measurements that you use to dimension your object MUST be in mm. You MUST only be able to read the dimensions from the bottom or the right of the page. It is not necessary to write mm onto your drawing. 50 10 X X X? Task. Slender, Black, Filled Arrows. 76 Dimensions Below the dimension line. Add dimension information to your Orthographic Drawing.
20 Test Answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 My list of things to find out about...
21 Monochromic Rendering It is important to find out where the light is coming from because : Label Drawing Pressure Hard More pressure & More pigment on paper Light Less pressure & Less pigment on paper Rendering with Marker Pens Marker pens are available in a wide range of colours and sizes from fine fibre tips to broad felt tips. Some are filled with water soluble ink, and can be used on standard cartridge paper, others are spirit based and must only be used of specialised paper.
22 Rendering a cube with pencil and marker pen. 1. Render in a single tone in pencil 2. Render in a single tone in marker
23 Tonal Rendering What is Tonal Rendering? Tonal rendering takes close consideration of how light falls upon an object. By using this information and manipulating the tones used to render an object you can add to the forms realism. Considering the light Regardless of the shape of the form that we are rendering we must always consider the position of light when we are rendering. By using this information it is possible to apply tones accurately to a form. Label the diagram Lightest Tones Hot Spot Heaviest Tones
Year 7 Graphics Workbook 24 Rendering a Train
25 Applying a texture to a 3D form. What is a texture? Texturing takes close consideration the surface detail and colour of an object. By using this information and manipulating the tones and adding colour and detail it is possible to communicate a forms material and improve it s overall realism. Wood Metal Plastic Creating Textures Wood Metal Plastic