Global Innovation Index Winning with Global Innovation Research Symposium on Cultural and Creative Industries Berlin, 23 September 2016 Dr. Sacha Wunsch-Vincent Co-Editor, Senior Economist, World Intellectual Property Organization Soumitra Dutta Founder and co-editor Cornell University Bruno Lanvin Co-editor INSEAD Sacha Wunsch-Vincent Co-editor WIPO 1
The Global Innovation Index 2016 Winning with Global Innovation 1 The vision of the GII also in relation to creativity 2 3 4 The structure and results of the GII Creativity pillar in the GII Creative outputs in the GII 2016 2
1 The vision First, innovation increasingly seen as critical driver of economic growth and well-being. Second, move beyond one-dimensional innovation metrics & capture innovation in developed and emerging economies. Third, manage to capture policy-makers attention with sound framework and offers tool for action. 3
Impact and responsibility UN Secretary- General stressed that the GII is a unique tool for refining innovation policies, and for assessing where more efforts are urgently needed Unexpected and critical demand pull for new data 4
Income Group Rankings Top 3 5
Nurture innovation achievers There are 15 countries out-performing their peers relative to GDP per capita: Armenia, Czech Republic, India, Kenya, Republic of Moldova, Madagascar, Malta, Mozambique, Malawi, Portugal, Rwanda, Tajikistan, Uganda, Ukraine, and Viet Nam. 6
The GII rankings are not whole story The GII helps identify targeted policies, good practices, and other levers to foster innovation. Country profiles include strengths and weaknesses. The GII rankings attract media attention, but they are not the main part of the GII. Major demand pull for data 7
INNOVATION IS BECOMING MORE GLOBAL BUT DIVIDES REMAIN The GII remains relatively stable at the top China is the first middle-income economy to join the top 25 of the GII A multipolar world of research and innovation has emerged 8
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: IMPORTANT TO PRESERVE THE MOMENTUM Sub-Saharan Africa region performs well on innovation Noted improvements in: Institutions Business sophistication Knowledge and technology output Africa has had more innovation achiever countries than any other region Important to preserve momentum and to continue moving away from relying on oil and commodity revenues 9
2 The structure of the GII - mirroring an innovation ecosystem 10
Ambition to capture creativity in innovation index Since its inception, the GII has endeavored to measure creative outputs as part of its Innovation Output Sub-Index. Innovation and creativity (and culture?) are invariably related Yet, the interlinkages between creativity (or culture), innovation and economic performance are only slowly being untangled. The measurement of creativity and the construction of relevant indices have received comparatively little attention. the even greater unavailability of official direct measures example of books and films the absence of a clear framework to select subvariables to assess how conducive an environment is to creativity 11
Definitional and measurement problems are large enough when dealing with measuring industry only 12
As far as we know, no definitive or persistent creativity index Source: WIPO Innovation Index Feasiblity Study, April 2010 13
3 Creativity pillar in the GII In the GII, the Creative outputs pillar includes three sub-pillars: (1) Intangible assets, (2) Creative goods and services, and (3) Online creativity. Intangible assets includes statistics on Trademarks, Industrial designs, ICTs & business model creation, and ICTs & organizational model creation, areas that are increasingly linked to process innovations in the literature. Creative goods and services includes statistics on Cultural & creative services exports, National feature films, Global entertainment & media market, Printing & publishing manufactures, and Creative goods exports. All proxies for these activities in an economy. Online creativity covers Generic top-level domains, Country-code TLDs, Wikipedia edits, and Video uploads on YouTube. All more challenging areas where data is not easy to obtain at a country and sectoral level. 14
Limitations to data access for Creative outputs (1/4) On Intangible assets, data on trademarks and industrial designs are readably available. Data on copyright is hardly available. Creative goods and services indicators largely come from: Trade data Industrial value added / production data (publishing) including WIPO economic contribution of copyright based industries Very limited data on number of creative works (film) Private sector market data on entertainment market Online creativity Web indicators Cultural creativity Metrics collected are mostly privately owned. 16
Limitations to data access for Creative outputs Accounting for creative outputs on the Internet is challenging using only data on both the time users spent online and content accessed. Generic and Countrycode top-level domains The combination of domain name information provides a relatively good approximation for local content creation, although websites in themselves can be seen only as potential platforms for creative outputs. Also some country-specific biases exist that need to be factored in. Wikipedia edits The edits provided to Wikipedia encyclopedia sites are a relatively trustworthy indication of user activity on this global online encyclopedia. Video uploads on YouTube In collaboration with Google, the GII is using video upload on YouTube, the online video sharing service, as a content creation proxy. It is the first time these data are published in this way, after transforming them into an index to avoid revealing the confidential underlying data. 17
GII 2016: Germany s perfomance in Creative outputs (1/2) Pillar 7 Creative Outputs Sub-pillar 7.1 Intangible assets *In the GII 2016 Germany ranks at 29 in Creative goods and services. Sub-pillar 7.2 Creative goods and services* Sub-pillar 7.3 Creative goods and services Rank 1 Iceland Luxembourg Iceland Iceland 2 Luxembourg Korea, Republic of Switzerland Netherlands 3 United Kingdom China Latvia Luxembourg 4 Malta Moldova, Republic of Estonia United Kingdom 5 Switzerland Turkey Malta Switzerland 6 Netherlands Malta United States of America Denmark 7 Germany Portugal United Kingdom Hong Kong (China) 8 Estonia Germany Netherlands Canada 9 Sweden United Kingdom Denmark Australia 10 Ireland Ireland Luxembourg Germany 18
GII 2016: Germany s perfomance in Creative outputs (2/2) Higher rankings Lower rankings 19
Collaboration for Creative outputs data The GII team works together with international organizations like the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS)on this matter. New data on UIS data on cultural employment Long cooperation on measuring cultural trade, and in particular digital trade Or with book publishing or music industry associations Other cooperations with private data providers (either commercial or digital content firms) 20
Conclusions on Creative outputs data In future editions of the GII, attempts will be made to include a broader coverage of the production of cultural products, rather than emphasizing their consumption or trade. data on the creators themselves: UIS data on cultural employment. In terms of Creative outputs, it will be key to attempt to extend the sectoral coverage to other creative industries (book publishing, music, and computer games). In general, the creation of content online (online newspapers, online videos, and other formats) will have to be increasingly accounted for to arrive at a sensible estimate at creative outputs. 21
Thank you for your attention Please visit us at: http://www.globalinnovationindex. org @GI_Index 22