Birds of the Manukau Harbour. Tim Lovegrove Natural Heritage Section Auckland Regional Council

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Transcription:

Birds of the Manukau Harbour Tim Lovegrove Natural Heritage Section Auckland Regional Council

Significance of the Manukau for shorebirds About 250,000 waders occur in NZ Up to 60,000 of these occur in the Manukau Half are resident species and half are Arctic migrants A significant site for some threatened species Photo: Geoff Moon Photo: Geoff Moon Wrybill Bar-tailed godwit

NZ resident species Pied oystercatcher Photo: Geoff Moon Pied stilt Photos: Geoff Moon Banded dotterel Wrybill NZ dotterel

Pied oystercatcher Banded dotterel Wrybill Internal migrations of native waders between the Manukau and southern breeding grounds Wrybill breeding distribution

Arctic migrants Bar-tailed godwit Lesser knot Photo: Geoff Moon Photo: Brian Chudleigh Turnstone Curlew sandpiper Photo: Brian Chudleigh Photo: Folkert Nieuwland

Arctic migrants Bar-tailed Godwit Migration path of godwit E7 in 2007 from Miranda to the Yukon Delta in Alaska Manukau godwits follow the same migration route From: Miranda Naturalists Trust News, Nov. 2007

Seasonal changes in species and numbers August: Wrybills and pied oystercatchers depart for South Island riverbed breeding sites September: Arctic breeding godwits, knots and others arrive January-February Oystercatchers and wrybills return (Total wader numbers reach annual peak in harbour) March Arctic migrants depart Photo: Geoff Moon

Ornithological Society Counts Surveys of some species and some key roosts from early 1940s by Dick Sibson & Ross McKenzie Formal summer and winter census counts at key high tide roosts by OSNZ members began in 1960. An unbroken count record has been maintained since then. Photo: Russell Thomas

Key wader roosts and count sites on Manukau Harbour

Winter Summer Total numbers of waders counted and observers present, OSNZ Manukau winter and summer censuses, 1960-1998 Wader numbers have increased in both winter and summer counts. Source: Veitch & Habraken 1999

Main reasons for increases An 8 fold increase in Pied oystercatchers in winter counts during the 1960-1998 period. Oystercatchers have increased in NZ following ban on shorebird shooting in 1940. Oystercatchers also now breeding on farmland as well as riverbeds. Lesser knots have also increased significantly, contributing to increase in total wader numbers in summer censuses. Source: Veitch & Habraken 1999

Godwit numbers have been fairly stable during the 1960-1998 period. Bar-tailed godwit Wrybill Wrybill numbers have increased slightly in the Manukau, but have declined in the Firth of Thames. Overall the population has declined a little. Source: Veitch & Habraken 1999

Threatened species Wrybill Global population of c.5000 90% winter in the Manukau and Firth of Thames c.1500 regularly in Manukau Photo: Geoff Moon 20% of the global wrybill population at roost on one factory roof in Otahuhu! Photo: John Dowding

Threatened species NZ dotterel Photo: Sharon Kast Global population c.1700 Up to 70 occur in Manukau Breeds at Mangere, near airport, and along southern coastline near Karaka Nests are very vulnerable to predators Males incubate during the night, so at risk to cat predation Photo: Geoff Moon

Past, present and future threats Changes to catchment forests to farms and urban areas Runoff with sediment, pesticides and pollutants Sewage and industrial effluent discharges Reclamations, e.g. airport Spread of Pacific oysters and Spartina Fluctuations in abundance of Zostera beds Recent rapid expansion in extent of mangroves Fishing and recreational activities Photo: Alastair Jamieson

Restoration initiatives Ban on shorebird shooting in 1940 Closure of many meat processing plants in Mangere Inlet Improved quality of sewage discharged from Mangere WTP Better management of dairy effluent Riparian plantings in rural and some urban catchments Community pest control projects to protect nesting shorebirds Control of Spartina Removal of the Mangere WTP oxidation ponds Photos: Geoff Moon

Mangere WTP From this To this

Enhancement of Mangere WTP foreshore radio aerial bird roost using excavated material from Hobson Bay sewer tunnel project Photo: Jenny Vince

Future management Need ongoing improvement to all runoff into harbour Animal pest and weed control at key roosts Ongoing monitoring through census counts Whole harbour approach needed to ensure integrity of roosts Existing roosts are finite and must be kept free of mangrove encroachment Roosts need protection from human disturbance These measures will help avoid conflicts with airport Photo: Alastair Jamieson

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