Brief history of perspective Geometric perspective was developed during the renaissance ( 15 th century) by Filippo Brunelleschi. Renaissance artists

Brief history of perspective Geometric perspective was developed during the renaissance ( 15 th century) by Filippo Brunelleschi. Renaissance artists were obsessed with the idea of creating an illusion of 3- dimensions on a flat surface. Trompe l oeil artists, who mastered perspective, created illusions that were so realistic that they fooled the eye.

Experiments with foreshortening

Study of chalice Paolo Occello

Enlarged results of two extreme positions. Note :a) The excessive distortion of the red cube and the very short distance between the VPs. b) The black cube is not distorted and has its VPs extending well beyond the paper space. VP1 VP1

Conclusions drawn from the cube observations The vanishing points are to be placed at the extreme edges of the drawing paper. The included angle at the bottom of the object being drawn should always be considerably more than 90 ( at least, approximately 120 ). With this arrangement, the height, (although slightly foreshortened), can be assumed to remain unchanged. VP 1 VP 2 122

Variations of the rectangle method Practically, the foreshortening of the sides depends on the sighting point, therefore, the mid-point of the upper side, or the corners of the rectangle, may be used to find the approximate foreshortening. VP 1 VP 1 Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube size 100mm. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. VP2 VP2 GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION T ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

VP 1 VP 1 VP 1 VP 1 VP 1 VP2 VP2 VP2 VP2 VP2 Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. Advantage of the rectangle method: The foreshortened sides, (unlike the 90 degrees method), remain the same regardless of the relation of the object to the eye level. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE Using the given vanishing points and starter lines draw a perspective view of a cube sise 100mm. GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Eliminating diagonals and replacing by a perspective scale to determine perspective dimensions VP 1 12 12 20 24 40 20 GLASS PANE GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION T ITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Enlarged view showing that diagonals and the perspective scale coincide exactly. 12 12 20 24 40 20

Perspective scale explained in more detail EYE LEVEL LINE VP 30 240 ( True length of side )

Comparison with the diagonal method EYE LEVEL LINE VP 30 240 ( True length of side )

Comparison with the diagonals method EYE LEVEL LINE VP 30 240 ( True length of side )

Advantages of the perspective scale over other methods a) Any dimension can be represented using the perspective scale method, b) diagonals can be eliminated thus keeping the drawing simpler and more tidy, c) perspective circles can be constructed with much greater accuracy. EYE LEVEL LINE VP 63 137 194 240

Example 2 GRAPHICAL COMMUNICATION TITLE: TWO - POINT PERSPECTIVE

Example

Worked Example Convert the given isometric projection into a perspective projection.

Step 1 VP1 VP2 88 70 150

Step 2 VP1 VP2 70 150

Step 3 VP1 VP2 70 150

Step 4 VP1 VP2 12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31 70 150

Step 5 VP1 VP2 12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31 70 150

Step 6 VP1 VP2 12 12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31 70 150

Step 7 VP1 VP2 12 12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31 70 150

Step 8 VP1 VP2 12 12 24 22 12 31 12 16 32 16 12 31 70 150

Single-point Perspective

In this particular condition, the construction of a single-point perspective room is considerably simplified

One / Two-Point Perspective Matchbox experiments on chequered tiles Drawing of an interior using 1 vanishing point. NAME: FORM: DATE: TITLE: ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING NUMBER: CHECKED BY:

One / Two-Point Perspective Matchbox experiments on chequered tiles Drawing of an interior using 3 vanishing points. NAME: FORM: DATE: TITLE: ONE / TWO POINT PERSPECTIVE DRAWING NUMBER: CHECKED BY: