Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design

Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design

Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers Design Proceedings of the International Workshop, Held in Lille, France, May 26 and 27, 1987 Editors: B. Hamonic and J. N. Decarpigny With 222 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo

Dr. Bernard Hamonic Dr.Jean N.Decarpigny Acoustics Laboratory, I. S. E. N., 41 bd. Vauban, F-59046 Lille Cedex, France Scientific Committee B. Tocquet, Program Chairman, Thomson Sintra ASM, Valbonne, France. O. B. Wilson, US Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA D. Boucher, GERDSM, DCAN, Toulon, France. J. N. Decarpigny, ISEN, Lille, France. Organizing Committee B. Hamonic, ISEN, Lille, France. J. C. Debus, ISEN, Lille, France. P. Tierce, Sinaptec, Lille, France. J. N. Decarpigny, ISEN, Lille, France. The sponsorships from: - Direction des Recherches, Etudes et Techniques (DRET), - Nord - Pas de Calais Regional Council, - Thomson Sintra ASM, - Sinaptec, - Institut Superieur d'electronique du Nord (IS EN), as well as the help from the Societe Franc;:aise d'acoustique (SFA) are greatly acknowledged. ISBN-13 : 978-3-642-73265-2 e-isbn -13: 978-3-642-73263-8 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-73263-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Power sonic and ultrasonic transducers design: proceedings of the international workshop, held in Lille, France, May 26 and 27, 1987/editors, B. Hamonic and J. N. Decarpigny. "Procceedings of the International Workshop on the Design of Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers... held in the 'Maison de I'entreprise et des technologies nouvelles: Marcq en Baroeul, near Lille, France, on May 26 and 27, 1987" - Pref.lncludes index. 1. Electroacoustic transducers Congresses. I. Hamonic, B. (Bernard), 1948-. II. Decarpigny, J.N. (Jean-Noj!l), 1958-. III. International Workshop on the Desing of Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers (1987: Lille, France). TK5981. P69 1988 621.38'028' 2-dc19 87-37655 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is only permitted under the provisions olthe German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version of June 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1988 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specificstatement, that such names are exemptfrom the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2153/3150-543210

Welcome Speech On behalf of the Institut Superieur d'electronique du Nord, I wish to welcome you to the Lille metropolis. I hope that, with the complicity of the weather, you will have a pleasant stay. We are receiving you in the Maison de l'entreprise et des Technologies Nouvelles, the METN, which was recently inaugurated. Thus, this Workshop will be held in the best possible conditions, and I seize the opportunity to thank the Board of the METN and the Maison des Professions for having accepted to put these premises at our disposal. We also wish to extend our thanks to the Nord-Pas de Calais Regional Council and its President for the financial support they have given us. As the occasion arises, I remind you that the Regional Council has from its origin sided with research, helping with investment in laboratories at a level without any counterpart in France. Other important partners in this operation are the DRET (Direction des Recherches, Etudes et Techniques) and the GERDSM - DCAN TOULON (Groupe d'etudes et de Recherches en Detection Sous Marine). I must say that when in 1976 they entrusted ISEN with their first low frequency acoustic studies, they undoubtedly contributed to the emergence of a research team associated to the CNRS, whose pivot, as everybody knows, is J.N. Decarpigny. As you know the Institut Superieur d'electronique du Nord is an engineering school created in 1956 by Norbert Segard. Since its birth it has always been concerned with developing research laboratories so as to guarantee the quality of the teaching given to its engineering students. With time and the aid of success, it wishes to contribute even more to the economic development of this region through its laboratories, its engineers, and the firms that have been founded under its impetus. Such was the case of Leanord in 1963, then of Velec and now of Slice and Sinaptec. Besides, the latter must be associated with the success of this Workshop. Last, but not least, the presence in this Workshop of well-known foreign scientists gives me the opportunity of greeting them warmly and of seeing in their participation a strong international interest. The importance and the quality of their papers ensure the complete success for this Workshop. It is with great pleasure that I now hand over to my friend B. Tocquet, responsible for the Thomson Sintra acoustic activities, who has talmn it upon himself to preside over this Workshop. Lille, F!'ance May 26,1987 P. Astier Director of ISEN-Recherche v

Preface This volume contains the Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Design of Power Sonic and Ultrasonic Transducers, which was held in the Maison de l'entreprise et des Technologies Nouvelles, Marcq en Baroeul, near Lille, France, on May 26 and 27, 1987. The main objective of this Workshop was to discuss all aspects of highpower problems in the design of electroacoustic transducers and to stimulate an exchange of knowledge and experience between researchers and industrialists involved in this multidisciplinary field. The scientific program included 13 invited contributions, and there were 80 participants from England, France, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United States. The editors wish to thank the authors and attendees for their active participation, and they hope that these Proceedings will allow readers to share in the stimulating atmosphere of the sessions. They also wish to thank everyone who undertook simultaneous translation, clerical work, typing of the Proceedings, production of the illustrations, or any other of the numerous tasks connected with this venture. Special mention has to be made of Mrs. E. Litton (ISEN, Lille) for her constant and kind help from the beginning of the project to the very end of the editing, Dr. R. Bossut (ISEN, Lille) for his efficient proofreading, and Dr. H.U. Daniel (Springer-Verlag) for his interest in these Proceedings as well as his kind and efficient support. Lille, France October 1987 B. Hamonic J.N. Decarpigny VII

Contents Introductory Lecture By B. Tocquet... 1 1. Power Limitations of Piezoelectric Length Expander Transducers By O.B. Wilson (With 3 Figures)... 3 2. The Material for Piezoelectric Power Transducers By L. Eyraud (With 13 Figures)... 10 3. Characterization of Piezoelectric Ceramics for High Power Transducers By P. Gonnard, P. Champ, and L. Eyraud (With 14 Figures) 25 4. Highly Magnetostrictive Rare Earth Compounds for High Power Acoustic Projectors. By A.E. Clark (With 46 Figures)... 41 5. Trends and Problems in Low Frequency Sonar Projectors Design By D. Boucher (With 18 Figures)... 100 6. Frequency, Power and Depth Performances of Class IV Flextensional Transducers By J. Oswin and J. Dunn (With 10 Figures)... 121 7. Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of Terfenol for Sonar Transducers. By J.M. Sewell and P.M. Kuhn (With 3 Figures)... 134 8. Application of the Finite Element Method to the Design of Power Piezoelectric Sonar Transducers. By B. Hamonic (With 16 Figures) 143 9. Determination of the Power Limits of a High Frequency Transducer Using the Finite Element Method By W. Steichen, G. Vanderborck, and Y. Lagier (With 15 Figures) 160 10. High Power Ultrasonic Transducers for Use in Gases and Interphases. By J.A. Gallego-Juarez (With 10 Figures)... 175 11. Design of High Power Ultrasonic Transducers for Use in Macrosonics. By P. Tierce and J.N. Decarpigny (With 21 Figures) 185 12. Power Electronic Devices for Sonar Systems By C. Pohlenz (With 36 Figures)... 208 IX

13. The Electronic Driving Sources for Ultrasonic Machining By B. Thirion (With 17 Figures)... 230 Subject Index... 245 x