Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems

Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems

Stefan Biffl Arndt LRuder Detlef Gerhard Editors Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems Data Models and Software Solutions for Handling Complex Engineering Projects 123

Editors Stefan Biffl Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems Technische Universität Wien Arndt LRuder Institute of Ergonomics, Manufacturing Systems and Automation (IAF) Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg Magdeburg, Germany Detlef Gerhard Institute of Engineering Design and Logistics Engineering Technische Universität Wien ISBN 978-3-319-56344-2 ISBN 978-3-319-56345-9 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56345-9 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017940637 Springer International Publishing AG 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Foreword Being university professor implies the attempt to provide young engineers with the requiredknowledgeenabling them to successfully work within a field of science, in my case the field of mechanical engineering. This knowledge shall be sufficient to also cope with challenges that will come up in the next few years. Following this line of thought, the professional life of mechanical engineers, and in my case, product engineers, has strongly changed during the last 20 years. Within the field of product engineering, the increasing capabilities of information processing have resulted in two main trends. First, the new capabilities of information processing enable radically improved or even new engineering methodologies. Examples for improved methodologies are more detailed analysis methodologies based on finite element methods or improved simulation methodologies, now also applying improved physics simulations. Examples of new methodologies are the development of advanced creativity techniques, optimization-based problem solution strategies, for example, exploiting swarm intelligence or genetic algorithms, or even new product prototype realization methodologies, such as 3D printing. Second, the product itself can become more intelligent and, thereby, provide advanced product features, such as advanced user interaction for product customization, or product-related services, such as self-maintenance or self-adaptation. All these new methodologies and technologies are based on advanced application of information processing. Thus, information creation, management, and use are key results, and also challenges, in the professional life of an engineer. Thus, student capabilities shall be trained to apply these improved or new methodologies and technologies. In addition, students shall be enabled to adopt upcoming concepts, methods, and technologies in their work environment efficiently and successfully. To make this challenge more complicated also in product engineering, engineers will not work in isolation. Product engineers work in collaborations, in changing groups of engineers, who together aim at solving an engineering problem. Product engineers have to share knowledge with/from different engineering disciplines to enable the appropriate use of this knowledge. v

vi Foreword As foundation, mechanical engineering students need to acquire key capabilities for dealing with information creation, management, and use within multidisciplinary engineering environments. Many of the required skills are discussed in the book at hand. Within this book, the multi-disciplinary nature of the life cycles of products, production systems, and production system technologies and components are considered. The implications of these life-cycle activities toward information processing are highlighted and knowledge is collected that has the potential to enable engineers in several disciplines, not only mechanical engineering students, to successfully cope with important daily challenges in their professional work also in the foreseeable future. Thereby, this book discusses three main fields of interest. First, following the common sense in engineering information processing by models is regarded. Here, the focus is on modeling structures and behaviors of products and production systems covering their complete life cycles. Second, integrated information flows along the product- and production-system life cycles are discussed supporting informed decisions of engineers by exchanging the required information in the right quantity and quality independent of its source. Finally, the integration of information processes in physical objects is discussed, based on the idea of cyber-physical systems and their occurrence in production systems as cyber-physical production systems. Altogether, the book at hand is a valid source of knowledge for all readers intending to raise their knowledge related to information-driven engineering in a multi-disciplinary environment, not only to my mechanical engineering students. Magdeburg, Germany December 2016 Karl-Heinrich Grote

Preface Industrial engineering is a multi-disciplinary endeavor that is moving toward an interdisciplinary and information-driven approach in all application areas, including the engineering of Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS). Engineers from several disciplines have to develop engineering results cooperatively by exchanging engineering information describing technical systems from different viewpoints and on various levels of detail. Within this interdisciplinary and information-driven approach, models of different kinds and their interrelations become key assets that should be treated as first-class citizens in the engineering process. Consequently, model-driven approaches envision improving engineering quality and reducing engineering efforts. There is a growing community of engineers involved in the development of model-driven engineering approaches for product and production systems engineering in Europe and beyond, such as the members of the AutomationML association, the IEEE technical committees Factory Automation, Industrial Agents, Industrial Cyber Physical Systems,andIndustrial Informatics. An overall goal of the research of these communities is to present a holistic view on CPPS from different research domains that address in some parts different viewpoints on the same topic but seem to act in isolation from related research groups in other communities. Challenges of CPPS can only be tackled by a cooperation of the relevant research communities. Therefore, we provide this book to bridge the gap between the three scientific communities of multi-disciplinary engineering of products, production systems, and informatics with a focus on model-based software and information engineering with examples that should be relevant and understandable for members from all communities involved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first book to cover the topic of Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems, which has gainedimportancewith the Industrie 4.0 initiative. More flexible production systems require stronger integration of the models, methods, and tools across several engineering disciplines to reach the goal of automating automation. A major outcome of the research was that the later life-cycle phases of complex technical systems, i.e., operation, become more and more important. Engineering and modeling has to map run-time behavior adequately in advance. Real-time data vii

viii Preface analytics in manifold ways increase the capabilities and efficiency of CPPS. CPPSbased Product Service Systems open new business opportunities. February 2017 Stefan Biffl Detlef Gerhard Arndt Lüder

Contents 1 Introduction to the Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems... 1 Stefan Biffl, Detlef Gerhard, and Arndt Lüder Part I Product and Systems Design 2 Product and Systems Engineering/CA* Tool Chains... 27 Kristin Paetzold 3 Cyber-Physical Product-Service Systems... 63 Stefan Wiesner and Klaus-Dieter Thoben 4 Product Lifecycle Management Challenges of CPPS... 89 Detlef Gerhard Part II Production System Engineering 5 Fundamentals of Artifact Reuse in CPPS... 113 Arndt Lüder, Nicole Schmidt, Kristofer Hell, Hannes Röpke, and Jacek Zawisza 6 Identification of Artifacts in Life Cycle Phases of CPPS... 139 Arndt Lüder, Nicole Schmidt, Kristofer Hell, Hannes Röpke, and Jacek Zawisza 7 Description Means for Information Artifacts Throughout the Life Cycle of CPPS... 169 Arndt Lüder, Nicole Schmidt, Kristofer Hell, Hannes Röpke, and Jacek Zawisza 8 Engineering of Next Generation Cyber-Physical Automation System Architectures... 185 Matthias Foehr, Jan Vollmar, Ambra Calà, Paulo Leitão, Stamatis Karnouskos, and Armando Walter Colombo ix

x Contents 9 Engineering Workflow and Software Tool Chains of Automated Production Systems... 207 Anton Strahilov and Holger Hämmerle 10 Standardized Information Exchange Within Production System Engineering... 235 Arndt Lüder, Nicole Schmidt, and Rainer Drath Part III Information Modeling and Integration 11 Model-Driven Systems Engineering: Principles and Application in the CPPS Domain... 261 Luca Berardinelli, Alexandra Mazak, Oliver Alt, Manuel Wimmer, and Gerti Kappel 12 Semantic Web Technologies for Data Integration in Multi-Disciplinary Engineering... 301 Marta Sabou, Fajar J. Ekaputra, and Stefan Biffl 13 Patterns for Self-Adaptation in Cyber-Physical Systems... 331 Angelika Musil, Juergen Musil, Danny Weyns, Tomas Bures, Henry Muccini, and Mohammad Sharaf 14 Service-Oriented Architectures for Interoperability in Industrial Enterprises... 369 Ahmed Ismail and Wolfgang Kastner 15 A Deterministic Product Ramp-up Process: How to Integrate a Multi-Disciplinary Knowledge Base... 399 Roland Willmann and Wolfgang Kastner 16 Towards Model Quality Assurance for Multi-Disciplinary Engineering... 433 Dietmar Winkler, Manuel Wimmer, Luca Berardinelli, andstefanbiffl 17 Conclusions and Outlook on Research for Multi-Disciplinary Engineering for Cyber-Physical Production Systems... 459 Stefan Biffl, Detlef Gerhard, and Arndt Lüder Index... 469

List of Contributors Oliver Alt Lieber Lieber GmbH, Vienna, Austria Luca Berardinelli Business Informatics Group, Technische Universität Wien, Stefan Biffl Technische Universität Wien, Tomas Bures Department of Distributed and Dependable Systems, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czechia Ambra Calà Otto-v.-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany Siemens AG Corporate Technology, Erlangen, Germany Armando Walter Colombo University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, Emden, Germany Rainer Drath ABB Research, Ladenburg, Germany Fajar J. Ekaputra Technische Universität Wien, Matthias Foehr Siemens AG Corporate Technology, Erlangen, Germany Detlef Gerhard Technische Universität Wien, Holger Hämmerle EKS InTech, Weingarten, Germany Kristofer Hell Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany Ahmed Ismail Institute of Computer Aided Automation, Technische Universität Wien, Gerti Kappel Business Informatics Group, Technische Universität Wien, Wien, Austria Stamatis Karnouskos SAP, Walldorf, Germany Wolfgang Kastner Institute of Computer Aided Automation, Technische Universität Wien, xi

xii List of Contributors Paolo Leitão Polytechnic Institute of Bragança, Bragança, Portugal Arndt Lüder Otto-v.-Guericke University/IAF, Magdeburg, Germany Alexandra Mazak Business Informatics Group, Technische Universität Wien, Henry Muccini DISIM Department, University of L Aquila, L Aquila, Italy Angelika Musil Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Jürgen Musil Institute of Software Technology and Interactive Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Kristin Paetzold UniBW München, Munich, Germany Hannes Röpke Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany Marta Sabou Technische Universität Wien, Nicole Schmidt Otto-v.-Guericke University/IAF, Magdeburg, Germany Mohammad Sharaf DISIM Department, University of L Aquila, L Aquila, Italy Anton Strahilov EKS InTech, Weingarten, Germany Klaus Dieter Thoben Universität Bremen/BIBA, Bremen, Germany Jan Vollmar Siemens AG Corporate Technology, Erlangen, Germany Danny Weyns Department of Computer Science, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium Department of Computer Science, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Stefan Wiesner BIBA Bremer Institut für Produktion und Logistik GmbH at the University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany Roland Willmann Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Villach, Austria Manuel Wimmer Business Informatics Group, Technische Universität Wien, Dietmar Winkler SBA Research ggmbh, Vienna, Austria Technische Universität Wien, Jacek Zawisza Otto-v.-Guericke University/IAF, Magdeburg, Germany