Far Infrared and Terahertz Technology at the turning point of change! Presented by: Michael C. Dudzik Vice President, Science & Technology Washington Operations Lockheed Martin Corporation
Agenda Scientific Change Happens! Translation for Far Infrared and Terahertz Insertion into Applications Near Term Pathway Going Forward 2
Ideas of a Patent Clerk Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new Great Spirits have always encountered violent opposition from mediocre minds Photos: Wiki Commons 3
Span of Eras -- Merging Components and Systems First Half 20 th Century Analog Moore s Law Metcalf s Law Nano Electronics IC s Technology Maturity Arbitrary Units Composites Nano Materials Plastic Stainless Steel Transistor Electron Tubes Maturity Pareto Value 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 YEAR
Terahertz and Far IR Era Change First Half 20 th Century Analog Moore s Law Metcalf s Law Technology Maturity Arbitrary Units Terahertz & Far IR Sources /Detectors Maturity Pareto Value 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 YEAR
The Three Horizons* Building a healthy product Pipeline across all three horizons is the foundation for business growth Horizon 3 Embryonic Business $ Horizon 2 Adjacent & Advanced Programs Horizon 1 The Core Time (years) Managing all three horizons is done concurrently * Copyright McKinsey & Co All Rights Reserved * McKinsey & Co 6
Translation Point for Far Infrared and Terahertz Black Swan Paradigm in Optical Science Unique Imaging Characteristics Significant R&D advances since 1960 New Sources (QCL, nano, plasmonics) New Detectors TRL and MRL Support Translation & Applications Extended Applications Translation (scaling) Validation of Success Models for Cost/Performance Attributes that are dominant for Translation Seeking the Killer Apps 7
Value Chain Planning and Technology Evolution Acquisition Cycle Production Positioning Lead Time Idea Development Lead Time Adv Dev System Integration and Demonstration Rate Production R&D Prototypes Research 6.1 Exploratory Dev 6.2 Advanced Development 6.3 A&B Eng Development 6.4 OT&E Production -10 5 0 Time Year -5-10 Revenue Flow Documentation Tech Cord Papers Prototypes Development Concept Papers Strategy: Define the Customer Value Proposition for New Products at Every Stage of Development 8
Systems Engineering Trades high $$$ FAR IR Terahertz?? Cost Electro Optics $ Radar low low Reliability high Systems Engineering Trades Impact the Terahertz Gap Copyright 2011 Lockheed Martin Corporation All Rights Reserved 9 Photo Source: NASA and US Army NVEOSD
LM Interests in Far Infrared and Terahertz Space Systems NDE efforts with NASA Langley LM Michoud Shuttle External Tank foam inspection problem Picometrix T Ray 2000 sensor Foam Void/Crack detection Aircraft NDE/NDI Manufacturing and Maintenance F 35 manufacturing process control C 130 Supplier Composite/Radom inspection Component Waveguide Development LANCER Program for THz Waveguide with Rice University Transponder Efficiency Improvement Killer App constructs for Terahertz Technology Exo atmospheric Communication Homeland Security Screening System Robotic Sensors for Short Range Vision through Obscurants 10
Terahertz NDE of Shuttle Tank Foam Void and Cracks Found within Foams and Non-Conducting Laminates 11 Photos Source: NASA
Terahertz Imaging Through Obscurants Vehicle Driving Aids >1-20 meter ranges Helicopter Landing Aids >10-25 meter standoff ranges Imaging Applications for < 10dB/m attenuation Photo Source: Wiki Commons 12
Terahertz NDI Imaging Advanced Cargo Composite Aircraft C-130 J Aircraft Advanced Aircraft Materials Provides NDI Applications for Terahertz Imaging Photo Source: LM Corporation 13
Raster Imaging System* 100 100 90 80 80 70 mm 60 50 40 30 20 10 mm 60 40 20 10 20 30 40 50 60 mm 10 20 30 40 50 60 mm Scan X & Y one point at a time Collect T Ray scan for each point Allows one to examine different features of the T Ray signal Raster scanning works, but its slow * Data/Photos courtesy of Picometrix
More Raster Imaging* 70 60 50 Height (mm) 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Width (mm) Objects imaged between two ¾ -thick foam inserts: Two allen wrenches #0-80 Socket cap screw in a pill bottle Seam on Ziploc bag * Data/Photos courtesy of Picometrix 15
Analyze Variations in Amplitude* Almonds * Data/Photo courtesy of Picometrix 16
Terahertz Exo-Atmosperic Communications Evaluate the feasibility of a T Com system for use in space Compare notional performance to RF and Optical systems Results: Transmit System Signal Source Mux Receive System Output Conceptual Diagram/Picture Detector Demux >5 Gb/sec transceiver at 2.5 THz Potentially less SWAP than optical or RF solutions Optimal pointing tolerances THZ Comm is Feasible but low TRL TRX Beam Divergence 200 X> Laser Comm 200X< RF(10GHz) Comm RCX Hot Electron Bolometers (2 3Thx) Bandwidths up to 5GHz demo 17
Terahertz Transceiver Dielectric Diode contact Ground Monolithic THz transceiver with QCL transmitter/lo and coherent diode-mixer receiver. Use Permission : Wanke, Nature Photonics 2010.137 (11June2010) 18
Near Term Challenges Development of validated high resolution terahertz atmospheric absorption band models Key Atmospheric Windows for Active and Passive Transmission Effects of Moisture & Dust on transmission path needed More studies of phenomenology, signatures and systems Exo atmospheric Communication Security Screening Chemical Sensing Medical Diagnostics & Sensing Non Destructive Testing/Manufacturing Potential MURI Topic Components costs and maturity limit systems use Large Optics Limited Reliability of Thz Components compared to EO and Radar 19
Pathway Forward Killer Apps for Terahertz? Terahertz is under leveraged in applications Exploitation new phenomenology in areas not adequately addressed by EO and Radar LM has interest and use of Terahertz Technology & Systems Where are the near term Terahertz limitations? Lack of workforce training/education and awareness Material metrics limitations are cost, performance and reliability of components New Components are emerging QCL, detectors & processing more feasibility studies Emerging New Applications in 4+ years Brown out Sensing for UAS platform applications Resonant Absorption Chemical/Biological Material Standoff Detection Frequency agile Imaging Sensors ( multi transmission band phenomenology) Short Range Communications or Exo Atmospheric Communications Terahertz is at the Turning Point of Change 20
LM Terahertz Contact Information Mr. Jeff Seebo Hampton, VA 757/864 5967 Space Shuttle Foam NDE Dr. Van Rudd Louisville, CO 303/379 3251 Phenomenology, THz Systems, Components, Measurements Dr. Carey Cates Palo Alto, CA 650/424 2801 Phenomenology, Detectors, Sources, Components 21
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