OPEN SCIENCE & EOSC From Vision to Action Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van Belgie voor Kunsten en Wetenschappen Brussel 8-11-2017 JC Burgelman, P. Brenier, R. Von Schomberg, W. Lusoli, D. Spichtinger, C. Asero Open Data Policy and Science Cloud Directorate A DG RTD
Open Science = Systemic transition of science system which affects the way research is performed knowledge is shared/diffused/preserved research projects/results are evaluated research is funded researchers are rewarded future researchers are trained Affecting the whole research cycle and all its stakeholders A typical techno-economic paradigm shift a la Perez (technology, market and institutional change go hand in hand) or to put it different: disruptive and hence disturbing.
Its real Scistarter.com Dataintensive Citizens science Open code Runmycode.org Open workflows Analysis Preprint Open data Data gathering Publication Open access Open annotation Openannotation.org Conceptualisation Review Alternative Reputation systems Impact Story Scientific blogs Collaborative bibliographies 3
Very Promising Structural CREATIVE gnomics COMMONS consortium PROPRIETARY Public-Private Partnership Public Domain Commercial Tools & Basic Knowledge NOVEL Proteins only! Structure Chemistry Antibodies Screening Cell Assays Discovery and Exploration No patent No restriction on use Open access to tools and data. Target identification & validation Drug Discovery and Development Facilitated by access to increased amount of information in the public domain - (re)screening - Lead Optimisation - Pharmacology - Metabolism - Pharmacokinetics - Toxicology - Chemical development - Clinical development A general model for open science in early stage drug discovery Weigelt J. EMBO Reports 10:941-5
Very Promising for ALL sciences
Collaborative Big Science is on the rise because needed Rise of interdisciplinary, highly collaborative international big science projects open by design
It pays off 1. 90% OF ALL SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES (2 MILLION PER YEAR) ARE BEHIND PAYWALLS! (AND 1 MILLION PAPERS ARE NEVER READ); ACCORDING TO MAX PLANCK: UNIVERSITIES WORLDWIDE WOULD MAKE 6 BILLION DOLLARS SAVINGS IF ALL PAPERS WOULD BE PUBLISHED IN OA 2. ONE MILLION VALID SCIENCE PAPERS ARE BOUNCED BACK (REJECTING, RESUBMISSION ETC) TO DEAL WITH THAT: 100 MILLION HOURS (OF SCIENTIST!) ARE LOST ANNUALLY IN THE ACTUAL PROCESS OF PAPER REJECTING, RESUBMITTING, WAITING ETC.; SO: MORE OPEN ACCESS, LESS LOSS 3. BIG PRIVATE RESEARCH TRUSTS GO FOR RADICAL OPEN ACCESS: WELLCOME TRUST, GATES, ZUCKERBERG, ETC 4. EVERY 3 DOWNLOADS OF A FRONTIER ARTICLE LEADS TO 1 CITATION: IN OTHER WORDS: NUMBER OF DOWNLOADS IS GOOD FOR YOUR IMPACT FACTOR IN OTHER WORDS: OPEN ACCESS IS GOOD FOR YOUR CAREER
Open Science offers great challenges & opportunities for science, scientists & society Better ROI of the R&I investments: self evident: if all the results of our public research are made reusable, it will follow that better use is made Faster circulation of new ideas: we have 22 million EU SME's that will have access to top notch research without having to significantly pay for it! More transparency of the science system as such: the public taxpayer has this right Fit for 21 st century science purpose: all grand societal challenges NEED cross disciplinary research For researchers: Wider dissemination and sharing of the results More visibility and credit for those collecting and sharing underlying research data New career paths e.g. data scientists, start-ups, science diplomacy
Top level policy "As I see it, European success now lies in sharing as soon as possible, ( ). The days of open science have arrived." Speech at "Presidency Conference Open Science", 04 of April, 2016, Amsterdam
Policy Priorities 2016 - Holistic Policy Agenda: scope & ambitions 4 with regard to the use & management of research results and data Open Data: FAIR data sharing is the default for funding scientific research Science cloud: All EU researchers are able to deposit, access and analyse European scientific data through the open science cloud, without leaving their desk Altmetrics: Alternative metrics to complement conventional indicators for research quality and impact (e.g. Journal Impact Factors and citations) OA & Future of scholarly communication: All peer reviewed scientific publications are freely accessible 10
Policy Priorities 4 with regard to relations with research actors (researchers, institutions and funders) Rewards: The European research career evaluation system fully acknowledges Open Science activities Research Integrity: All publicly funded research in the EU adheres to commonly agreed Open Science Standards of Research Integrity Education and skills: All young scientists in Europe have the necessary skills and support to apply Open Science research routines and practices Citizen Science: CS significantly contribute and are recognised as valid knowledge producers of European science 11
OA: Considerable progress in 10 years made Then and now FP7 OA Green or Gold+Green Pilot H2020 OA Green or Gold+Green obligation & ORD Pilot H2020 OA Green or Gold+Green obligation & ORD by default
Now Open Access to Publications: since 2014 mandatory Set up of an Open Access Publications Platform: stand alone peer reviewed scientific articles resulting from H2020 projects (2017-2018)
Open Data - Very significant policy initiatives Open Access to research data: default from 2017 onwards. - Opt-outs possible at any stage (IPR, personal data protection and national security) - Research Data Management Plans: mandatory and FAIR Set up of the European Open Science Cloud: a trusted virtual environment for enabling data driven science across boundaries and disciplines (2017-2019) Mainstreaming in all MS
Open Data European Open Data (and data driven science) supported by the European Open Science Cloud
Open Data and EOSC After the EOSC Vision has been adopted and embraced by the relevant stakeholders, it is now time for action From Vision. to Action EOSC will provide 1.7m EU researchers an environment with free, open services for data storage, management, analysis and re-use across disciplines. EOSC will JOIN existing and emerging horizontal and thematic data infrastructures, bridging todays fragmentation and ad-hoc solutions. EOSC will add value (scale, data-driven science, interdisciplinarity, faster innovation) and leverage past infrastructure investment (10b per year by MS, two decades EU investment). Vision is now as clear to external stakeholders as it is internally. Single online platform where all European researchers will be able to: Find, access and re-use data produced by other scientists. Deposit, analyse and share data they have been paid to produce. Initially (until 2020), the EOSC will build on existing investments, no/little fresh money is needed Vision endorsed by the EP, by the EESC and the CoR, by the G7 and copied, literally, by a host of nations globally: Japan, Canada and China. The Commission provides top-up money to set up and organise the federation and to start creating common European resources. 17 Source: RTD 17
EOSC and the researcher The EOSC will allow for universal access to open research data and create a new level playing field for EU researchers CERN, EMBL, ELIXIR, etc. Institutional repository Researcher 1.Access to all European research data 2.Access to world-class data services 3.Clear rules of use and service provision 4.FAIR data tools, training and standards 5.Sustainable after the grant Member State Infrastructure New provider/ service Easy access through a universal access point for ALL European researchers Cross-disciplinary access to data unleashes potential of interdisciplinary research Services and data are interoperable (FAIR data) Data funded with public money is in principle open (as open as possible, as closed as necessary) Seamless environment and enabling data driven (interdisciplinary) research 18 Source: RTD 18
EOSC summit figures o 110 key participants o 80 from all scientific fields o 15 national scientific infrastructures o 13 research funders o 19 officials from Member States and Associated Countries o Overall, 23 Member States and Associated Countries represented o 1800 via web stream and extensive coverage via Twitter
EOSC Summit Highlights 1 The Summit provided strong support for the implementation of the EOSC and marked a step change in the initiative Ground European science in a common culture of data stewardship & sharing throughout research data lifecycle. Only a considerable cultural change will enable long-term reuse of research data Develop the EOSC as a commons of research data, knowledge and infrastructure with different roles and responsibilities by actors at EU and MS level Stimulate compliance through incentives and rewards
EOSC Summit Highlights 2 Make FAIR principles pragmatic, equally encompassing all four dimensions: findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability Apply FAIR principles to all digital research objects, incl. data-related algorithms, tools, workflows, protocols & services Disciplines must develop their notion of FAIR in a coordinated fashion. Standards are fundamental but a one-size-fits-all approach must be avoided
EOSC Summit Highlights 3 Build trust between all stakeholders, e.g. scientific communities, e- infrastructures, research infrastructures, funders - look outside the organisational boxes and work together Set out both the science case and the financial case to raise commitments for the EOSC, in particular of MS whatever we do needs to be integrated with the national systems Some of the actions identified will require more time than others to implement due to e.g. budget commitments, division of labour, building of trust. Implementation will need to fast-track some actions over others, depending on the level of priority, support and maturity Develop a formal framework for governing the EOSC (open, dynamic, trial-and-error process) to sustain and strengthen related policies & programmes and secure commitment of funders and users - what needs to be governed and how?
EOSC planning Q2 2017 Q3 2017 Q4 2017 2018 EOSC Summit Statement of endorsement: Interim Governance Board Design Phase Implementation needs Functions of EOSC Delivering: Basic Portal/Interface Roadmap Interim Governance Board 1 st Phase WP2018-20 Definition of Business Model Governance Model Input/Feedback EOSC Pilot HLEG EOSC HLEG FAIR ERAC OSI OSPP
To conclude 1.OS is here to stay: 2. If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together (African saying) But also Such a long journey ahead of us (South African writer, A. Brink)
Indeed the journey only started User-centered Publishing delivers Precision Information The Machine is the New Reader Science as a Social Machine Data Privacy requires a Web of Trust Big Data meets Artificial Intelligence 25
e.g. OA of articles the final frontier? Due to the power of cyber science tools, it is quite realistically to assume that we will evolve from peer reviewed open access publications to peer reviewed open access research workflows (1-5-2017, Nature, tech blog Ttitus Brown.) Implying that scientific publishers become open science platforms in which an article is 1 of the many products (and not even per se)
E.g. a 4th paradigm of data-intensive science? Data explosion only starting (internet of everything) Due to data abundance: Greater role for inductive, not only hypothesis driven science: Here s the evidence, now what is the hypothesis? Deductive Manual 2 nd paradigm: theoretical (Newton) Computational 3 rd paradigm: computational (Von Neumann) Inductive 1 st paradigm: empirical (Bacon) 4 th paradigm: dataintensive (Venter, DNA sequencing)
No one foresaw this exponentional growth either
Bedankt More information at http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscien ce 29
Open Science Monitor http://ec.europa.eu/research/opensci ence/monitor/
Home About Open access Open research data Open scholarly communication Citizen science Open science monitor Drivers and barriers Open science represents an approach to research that is collaborative, transparent and accessible. Open science occurs across the research process and there are many different activities that can be considered part of this evolution in science. The open science monitor tracks trends in areas that have consistent and reliable data. Explore open science characteristics and indicators. * These indicators are for both open access and open scholarly communication. 31
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