EUROCONTROL Centralised Services 7-2 Network Infrastructure Performance Monitoring and Analysis Service Monitoring the performance of 1030/1090 MHz RF bands
A COST-EFFICIENT SOLUTION To make best use of the existing surveillance investment and spectrum in Europe, we need to exploit the available 1030/1090 MHz scarce resource used to support surveillance and anti-collision systems to the maximum Frank Brenner, Director General of EUROCONTROL Recommendation 3: Member States ensure that the use of the 1030/1090 MHz frequency band is monitored and recorded. EASA report on detection losses in Central Europe on 5-10 June 2014 (Report-ED0.1-2014-ed04.00) A centralised service (CS) is a support service for an air navigation service (ANS) or ATM function exercised at pan- European and central network level for harmonisation and cost-efficiency purposes, avoiding multiplication of investment. It leads to reduced infrastructure costs, thereby helping EU ANSPs and Member States with their EU costefficiency performance targets. A CS will also support the other key performance targets, such as capacity, safety and the environment. The beneficiaries of a CS are therefore the Member States, the airspace users, ANSPs, airport operators and the military. CS7-2 benefits CS7-2 is a service to monitor the use of the 1030/1090 MHz frequencies used to provide surveillance of aircraft flying in the EUROCONTROL Member State airspace as well as anticollision protection (ACAS). CS7-2 will provide a global solution for a global issue: 1030/1090MHz transmissions do not stop at State borders. It will determine potential saturation, trouble spots, find unnecessary transmissions made on these frequencies and track the implementation of corrections. CS7-2 will help States to demonstrate compliance with EC 1207/2009 Article 6. By contributing to the correct use of 1030/1090 MHz frequencies, the CS7-2 will ensure that investments made by ANSPs, aircraft operators and military authorities in surveillance and anti-collision systems remain usable for a long time. Costs The deployment and use of a common infrastructure to monitor transmissions on 1030/1090 MHz is an effective solution to reduce the costs that would otherwise be necessary if all States deployed their own systems. 2
BACKGROUND 1030/1090 MHz the surveillance backbone shared by a multitude of users 1030/1090 MHz frequencies are a critical common resource shared by thousands of systems for different purposes, including: n ground surveillance provided by Mode A/C/S radars, multilateration on surface or over wide areas and ADS-B (aircraft broadcasting their position and associated information); n surveillance of aircraft in support to Airborne Collision Avoidance (ACAS); n new air-air surveillance applications under development by SESAR and ICAO; n military air picture recognition through fixed and mobile radars; n military Identification Friend and Foe (IFF Mode 4 and Mode 5). ACAS Need for network management and monitoring The SESAR study (WP 15.1.6) results indicate that unmanaged use of 1030MHz could soon result in degraded performance of surveillance systems at certain locations in Europe. The events in central Europe in June 2014 have shown that unexpected transmissions on 1030MHz could result in multiple aircraft surveillance losses, with an important impact on the network s efficiency, capacity and delays. 1030/1090 MHz bands could accommodate traffic growth The current use of 1030/1090 MHz frequencies is not optimal. There are easy ways of reducing Mode A/C, Mode S all-call and transponder register extractions. Similarly, TCAS transmissions could be greatly improved (with an estimated fall of 80%) using Hybrid Surveillance. 1030/1090 MHz network Air-Air Surveillance An adequate management of transmissions on 1030/1090 MHz should give the systems a long life, with the possibility of supporting more applications in an increased traffic environment. Unexpected user ADS-B Multilateration SSR/IFF Mode S Mode S SSR As on any network, monitoring the transmissions made on 1030/1090 MHz frequencies is key to ensuring the performance of surveillance functions used to support an efficient and safe ATC. 3
SCOPE OF CS7-2 The CS7-2 is a centralised service designed to bring an efficient solution to monitoring 1030/1090 MHz and determining the associated level of traffic at different places in EUROCONTROL Member States. It will make it possible to determine the level of transmissions to which transponders are subject by listening to and analysing their transmissions. The CS7-2 will provide automatic permanent monitoring at critical places, complemented by ground and airborne mobile capability as well as modelling of the RF environment. The automatic monitoring will provide trend measurement through a central web application for use by State authorities. The service provider will also publish analysis reports every six months. The detection of systems unduly using or over interrogating on 1030/1090 MHz frequencies will facilitate action to avoid the saturation of the RF band. CS7-2 will contribute to maintaining effective performance of civil and military surveillance systems and anti-collision systems in Europe. Monitoring 1030/1090 MHz is a function which all users of these frequencies have been waiting for CS7-2: a solution to track actual usage of 1030/1090 MHz frequencies CS7-2 will help to demonstrate compliance with the EU Commission Implementing Rule (EU) 1207/2011) laying down requirements for the performance and interoperability of surveillance for the Single European Sky. Article 6 on spectrum protection requires States to verify that transponders are not unduly over-interrogated in their airspace. 4
COMPONENTS OF THE CS7-2 SERVICE CS7-2 will use different means to measure and estimate the level of exchanges on the 1030/1090 network. A network of ground stations A set of fixed remote ground stations listening to messages transmitted on 1030 and 1090 MHz will be deployed to support the permanent monitoring of messages transmitted on 1090 MHz and on 1030MHz. These stations will process the recorded data locally before transmitting information to a central server. Ground mobile chain Ground receiver/recorders will be used to record raw data at different places. Such systems will be used to take measurements at different locations outside the coverage of fixed ground stations and will allow a more detailed manual analysis of unexpected transmissions, but their coverage will be limited. Airborne mobile chain A system will be installed on an aircraft to perform limited specific test flights to measure actual activity seen by transponders at different places in Europe. RF model A model will be used by CS7-2 to extrapolate RF measurements and to investigate the gain of possible solutions. Other inputs Inputs from other opportunity flights or ground measurements as well as input from Spectrum monitoring stations (CS6-3) are also foreseen to complement the systems used by CS7-2. Central web application A central web application will allow access to the information collected and to trend analyses by geographical location. A network monitoring system monitors the network for problems caused by overload or unexpected transmissions made by systems using the network and facilitate action to avoid the saturation of the network. Global temperature anomaly ( C) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0-0.2 1950 + + + 1970 1990 2010 5
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES The CS7-2 service provider will: n provide and maintain the infrastructure required to collect 1030/1090 MHz data on the ground and in the air; n analyse the data collected; n provide trend analysis and reports made available through a web tool to report the RF monitoring results; n determine the sources of pollution on 1030/1090 MHz; n provide an impact analysis for the proposed solution in order to ensure that the 1030/1090 MHz band remains useable. The Network Manager will: n define the area where specific RF measurements are to be conducted; n determine the possible impact of the 1030/1090 network usage on the network operation; n provide capacity planning taking into account current transmissions and future transmissions, and develop acceptability criteria for new transmissions. The Member States will have to ensure that: n NSAs will derive actions on the 1030/1090 MHz band users operating in their area of responsibility. Civil and military users of systems transmitting on 1030 MHZ will: n apply recommendations to optimize the transmissions of their systems. Timeline EUROCONTROL was entrusted by its Member States with developing a demonstrator for CS7-2 in 2014. The calls for tenders were launched in November 2014 to those organisations that were accepted as a result of the CFI. Following a call for interest (CFI) in March 2014 EUROCONTROL expects to select the consortium to develop the demonstrator by the end of 2015. CS7-2 is a service contributing to: n enhanced management of infrastructure using 1030/1090MHz; n the provision of data to show compliance with the regulation; n the investigation of specific unexpected transmissions in the coverage of deployed ground stations. 6
Governance GLOSSARY The objective is to ensure the participation of CS7-2 users in the governance process. An established user steering group will be listened to in order to ensure that the voices of the CS7-2 customers are heard. ACAS ADS-B CS Anti Collision Avoidance System Automatic Dependent Surveillance- Broadcast Centralised Services Training on Centralised Services A training course on Centralised Services is offered by the Institute of Air Navigation Services (IANS), our Training Centre in Luxembourg. The course describes the overall concept of Centralised Services, its business model, governance and management. This course is designed for anyone who is looking to gain a deep understanding of the Centralised Services approach. IFF MHz Identification Friend and Foe Mega Hertz Mode A/C radar Radar using Mode A and Mode C SSR interrogation/reply protocol that are received and replied to by all aircraft in the interrogator beammode S radar Radar using Mode Select protocol, i.e. establishing a point-to-point interrogation-reply with each aircraft Multilateration System using a network of receivers to determine the position of the source transmitting on 1090 MHZ More info on the Discover Centralised Services course is available in the EUROCONTROL training zone: http://trainingzone.eurocontrol.int RF Radio frequency For more information on CS7-2, please contact: CS7-2@eurocontrol.int The contractor will develop a demonstrator over a period of 12 months The contractor will provide the service during phase 2 (6 years) GO/NO-GO for service 7
EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL December 2015 EUROCONTROL is a pan-european, civil-military, intergovernmental organisation for the airspace of its Member States Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.