F-35 HELMET AND MILITARY TECHNOLOGIES PAPER WORK - INTERNET OF THINGS Academic year: 2015 2016 GACHET Lénaïck QUEULAIN Jérémy
Table of contents Introduction:... 2 I. F35-Helmet (smart aircraft helmet):... 3 a) Technologies in an aircraft... 3 b) Project F-35 Lightning II... 4 c) Characteristics... 5 II. Internet of things and Army:... 8 a) Connected weapon:... 8 b) Wearable soldier technologies:... 10 c) Connected fighting dogs:... 11 d) Battery:... 12 Conclusion... 13 1
Introduction: The (IoT) is an environment in which objects, animals or people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, micro-electromechanical (MEMS) and the Internet. The problem is, people have limited time, attention and accuracy all of which means they are not very good at capturing data about things in the real world. If we had computers that knew everything there was to know about things -- using data they gathered without any help from us we would be able to track and count everything and greatly reduce waste, loss and cost. During our project we chose to speak about Internet of things in the military area. We selected this subject because we think that military technologies are state of the art. There are a lot of research about cutting-edge military technology therefore we will present to you only a few of these technologies: F35-Helmet : Helmet for pilot connected to the aircraft F-35 Augmented reality glasses: Glasses connected to a weapon Technologies on a soldier Connected fighting dogs 2
I. F35-Helmet (smart aircraft helmet): a) Technologies in an aircraft New planes use always a lot of new technologies. A modern aircraft is very fast and a mission it could be very dangerous. So if it is possible, the pilot has to pay attention only on the piloting and not on his instruments. It is why engineers have developed some in order to help the pilot. They have created some missiles guided by laser. We could speak a lot about all these elements and improvements which help the pilot because there are a lot. In all the aircraft now, there are a HUD (Head-up display) and some glasses night vision. These elements are very important for the pilot. The HUD is a transparent display that presents data without requiring users to look away from their usual viewpoints. The origin of the name stems from a pilot being able to view information with the head positioned "up" and looking forward, instead of angled down looking at lower instruments. A HUD also has the advantage that the pilot's eyes do not need to refocus to view the outside after looking at the optically nearer instruments. Although they were initially developed for military aviation, HUDs are now used in commercial aircraft, automobiles and other, mostly professional applications. The night vision allows seeing in the dark. The pilot has some glasses hung on the helmet; he has just to pull on and to see through. It exists an aircrew visor or reticule which helps to lock a target. The helmet of the f35 is a HMD (helmet-mounted display). This system allows combining all these elements in only one. HUD : Head Up Display Night vision glasses 3
Old HMD b) Project F-35 Lightning II The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a multirole plane. It is developed by the aircraft manufacturer Lockheed Martin. This manufacturer has built the recent F-22 which is one of the best planes in the world. The aim of this new plane is to replace the F-16, the A- 10, the F/A-18 and the AV-8B. Several countries are working on this plane. So the United States are the instigator. The Canada, Australia, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Republic of Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom and of course the USA have commanded in total around 2000 planes. It is planned to be a single seat with a single engine. The major development of this plane was studied for ground target. Even if this plane is supersonic the F-22 is better for the aerial target. Moreover, the power of the single engine can be a weakness during a dogfight. To accomplish these missions, this plane is stealthy. It has to be undetectable by most radar. Furthermore, like the plane has to replace several planes, it has to be able to accomplish a lot of different strength. 3 models are developed always to answer many needs. One can have a vertical takeoff and landing. Another has a best autonomy. So the project is very complex. It started in 1996 and its first flight took place in the end of 2006. But the project has now 7 years of late and the cost have doubled. There was and there are a lot of bug in the software and a lot conditions which are not respected. Concerning the software, its size is 25 million lines of code. It is more than the android system. There are a lot of sensors and connections with the army system. Like it is the first plane without counting drones to have as many lines, it is difficult to optimize it now but we can see the future. It will be connected and clever. 4
F-35 Lightning II c) Characteristics Figure F-35 Lightning II Aviation HMD designs serve these purposes: using the head angle as a pointer to direct air-to-air and air-to-ground weapons seekers or other sensors (e.g., radar, FLIR) to a target merely by pointing his head 5
at the target and actuating a switch via HOTAS controls. In close combat prior to HMDs, the pilot had to align the aircraft to shoot at a target. HMDs allow the pilot to simply point his head at a target, designate it to weapon and shoot. displaying targeting and aircraft performance information (such as airspeed, altitude, target range, weapon seeker status, "g", etc.) to the pilot while "headsup", eliminating the need to look inside the flightdeck. displaying sensor video for the purpose of: verification that the chosen sensor has been cued to the right target or location without requiring the pilot to look inside the flightdeck viewing outside terrain using sensor video in degraded visual conditions. HMD, combined with High Off-Boresight (HOBS) weapons, results in the ability for aircrew to attack and destroy nearly any target seen by the pilot. These allow targets to be designated with minimal aircraft maneuvering, minimizing the time spent in the threat environment, and allowing greater lethality, survivability, and pilot situational awareness. In the pilot wants to see something during the night, now he has just to press a button. It is very easy, he does not have to add some glasses and the vision is better. VIRTUAL REALITY: Thanks to a lot of sensors, the pilot can see under the plane. When he activates the system if the pilot looks in the direction of the bottom, he will not see his legs but the battlefield. The pilot can keep the control of the situation and of his environment. This helmet is also 6
equipped with a zoom. Like that, the pilot can be sure that it is the good target and it still works with the night vision. In the same time, the helmet controls a lot of factors. It is always checking the position of the eyes in order to project the best image possible. The system has to react very quickly because if there is a delay the pilot will have a headache. So this helmet is the most advanced helmet all around the world. However, the helmet is bigger and heavier than others helmets on the market. It is also the most expensive helmet on the market. It costs 400 000$ per helmet. But these defaults will be corrected with the time and the improvement of technologies. 7
II. Internet of things and Army: a) Connected weapon: What is the concept? Tracking Point Labs has developed an application which allows soldiers to connect the weapon with glasses. The soldier can see is target by the way of his glasses without put is head behind the sights. What do you need? For using this technology you need 2 things: The first one is connected glasses like Google glasses, magic leap or HoloLens: 8
The second one is the connected weapon. How does it work? The sights is built for being connected and it has a high technology system. The weapon can calculate a lot of things with the help of its optic sensors like the wind, the exact position of the target, the distance between you and the target and finally send this information to the glasses. Information are send to the glasses and the soldier can see inside the glasses the right position and make the perfect shoot without stay behind the weapon. The system of target can be share on a screen or between soldiers by the way of wifi, LTE, LAN connection. 9
It can be used by hunters if they want to show their performance. What are the advantages of this system? This system allows soldier to stay hidden behind a wall, a car and consequently it is safer for them and there is less risk to be shoot. It allows also having a very high accurate and to share information with the other soldier or with the high command. Safer for the soldier and more discreet High accurate shoot b) Wearable soldier technologies: Nowadays, they want to create connected soldier. Some research are conduct about how to create a smart wearing item of clothing called wearables. Lockheed Martin and American army work on this project to find sensor which can be include in the military uniform. By the way higher-ups can follow the physical condition of the soldiers. They can take decision about the wounded soldier if they need to repatriate or be treated on the battlefield. They can follow the power s impact because with the adrenaline sometimes soldiers don t feel their pain. And this system can be like the black box of a plane for the soldier. 10
c) Connected fighting dogs: What is the concept? It is a vest for dogs which contains multiple sensors throughout the vest and allows dogs to communicate with their master. How does it work? The vest provides a means for a working K9 to communicate with their human half, emergency services, base camp operators or other contacts programmed into the system. By tugging, biting or nose/paw targeting the sensors attached to the vest, the dog can activate the handler s communication device or app in order to share specific information. It also utilizes GPS mapping technology, which provides uplink to a satellite. This feature would be particularly valuable for search and rescue teams in wilderness missions or other far-ranging scenarios and Service Dog teams with a medically unstable handler. What are the advantages of this system? The FIDO Vest is for anyone partnered with a dog that may need to share information with them from a distance, contact outside personnel, and work in hazardous conditions or provide feedback about the environment. The FIDO Vest team specifically mentions Service Dogs, Assistance Dogs, Search and Rescue Dogs, bomb detection dogs, arson dogs and facility dogs. With a bomb-detecting dog, the dog s vest could be set up with haptic technology that would guide the canine based on a series of vibrations, allowing the handler to remotely navigate the dog. The dog could then send back signals to the owner using pull-toys or buttons on the vest. The inconvenient of this system is that you need to training your dog for doing that and it s not a really communication because only the dog can give information. 11
Examples: In an airport you only need one dog for smelling drugs or bomb. Two cases: 1. The dog smells a bomb so he can bit the sensor 2. The dog smells drugs so he can nose the sensor d) Battery: If a military dog is doing a building search, the dog could activate his GPS to log the location of bombs, traps or hostile individuals, then silently leave the area. The dog s handler and team would know about threats without having to be with the dog and without the dog needing to make noise. The problem for all this system is the battery and it is the big problem for all system which need supply. The size, the weight and the limit of power put a lot of problem for this wearing system, A firm find a solution to build little and thin battery which can put inside the vest bullet and clothes can be flexible. 12
Conclusion Now, the helmet uses the vision of the pilot, this system is present to help him. But this system could work without any person. In 2015, armies begin very often to use some drones. They are directed by an operator. But these may allow to the drones becoming autonomous in certain phases. Indeed an artificial intelligence in couple with this system will be very smart and reactive. Yet, there is still the problem if you have to authorize objects like that to become autonomous during the attack phase. The efficiency would be better after the target designed. However a person like a pilot or an operator can think and refuse to follow the orders if he feels or see something wrong and the robot cannot be human. Unfortunately, budgets allocated for the air force will be decrease. A drone, type reaper costs around 15 M$ and a f-35 will cost between 180 and 300 M$ and costs of use are higher. Moreover you have to form pilots who have a lot of responsibilities. These will be adapted for civil in few years. In the last car, we can begin to find some HUD. In the market of video games, the next year, we will find some VR helmet for playing. Nowadays, in the industry, we can find some old VR to help engineers and designers to visualise the product, the process or the production line. For others, they will add some helps for infantrymen and the staff. The army tries protecting their troops. Information transmitted by these objects will be analyzed in order to know if all is good on the battlefield. The future soldier will be connected and his health and his weapons will be controlled. It is a good improvement because the army is late on these fields. They have to create some languages and some standards protecting this information. But unfortunately all can be hacked. One day, there will be a problem is someone robbing these information. The result will be the opposite of what they want. They have to pay attention on the security. 13