ESA 484/3 Rekabentuk Sistem Perhubungan Satelit Satellite Communication System Design

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-1- UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA Peperiksaan Semester Kedua Sidang Akademik 2004/2005 Second Semester Examination 2004/2005 Academic Session Mac 2005 March 2005 ESA 484/3 Rekabentuk Sistem Perhubungan Satelit Satellite Communication System Design Masa : [ 3 jam] Hour : [3 hours] ARAHAN KEPADA CALON : INSTRUCTION TO CANDIDATES: Sila pastikan bahawa kertas soalan ini mengandungi SEPULUH (10) mukasurat dan LAPAN (8) soalan sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan. Please ensure that this paper contains TEN (10) printed pages and EIGHT (8) questions before you begin examination. Jawab LIMA (5) soalan sahaja. Answer FIVE (5) questions only. Calon perlu menjawab soalan dalam Bahasa Malaysia untuk soalan no. 1 hingga 5 dan jawab dalam Bahasa Inggeris untuk soalan no. 6 hingga 8. Student should answer questions in Bahasa Malaysia for questions no. 1 to 5 dan answer in English for questions no. 6 to 8. Setiap soalan mestilah dimulakan pada mukasurat yang baru. Each questions must begin from a new page 2/-

-2-1. (a) Senaraikan lima (5) subsistem utama bagi sebuah satelit GEO and terangkan dengan ringkas setiap subsistem tersebut. List out FIVE (5) major subsystems required on a GEO satellite and briefly explain each subsytem. (5 markah/marks) Dengan membandingkan telekomunikasi di bumi dan tanpa wayar, terangkan perbezaan di antara sistemnya dan nyatakan bidang aplikasi yang sesuai untuk setiap sistem tersebut. By comparing the Terrestrial and Wireless communication systems, explain the differences between both systems and state the areas of application for which you feel each system is best suited. (10 markah/marks) (c) Satelit Geo-pegun adalah berbeza dengan satelit lain. Huraikan perbezaan tersebut dan nyatakan DUA (2) syarat untuk orbit yang pegun. Geostationary satellite are different compared to other satellite. Describe the differences and state TWO (2) conditions for the orbit stationary. (5 markah/marks) 3/-

-3-2. (a) Apakah definisi sebuah transponder dan terangkan bagaimana konsep lelebihan dengan menggunakan transponder dapat menjamin rangkaian angkasa. Define the meaning of transponder and explain how concept of redundancy using transponder is applied to guarantee the space link. (3 markah/marks) Tuliskan persamaan (dalam W dan dbw) yang menakrifkan kuasa terima (P r ) pada penghantaran ruang-bebas. Sebuah stesyen bumi menghantar [EIRP] sebanyak 54dBW pada 6 GHz. Andaikan bahawa nilai hilangan ialah 200dB, kira kuasa ketumpatan fluks di satelit penerima. Write down the equation (both in W and dbw) defining the power received (P r ) in a free-space transmission. An earth station radiates an [EIRP] of 54dBW at a frequency of 6 GHz. Assuming that total losses amount to 200dB, calculate the power flux density at the satellite receiver. (8 markah/marks) (c) Parameter sebuah satelit adalah: Uplink, decilogs Downlink,decilogs [EIRP] 54 34 [G/T] 0 17 [FSL] 200 198 [RFL] 2 2 [AA] 0.5 0.5 [AML] 0.5 0.5 Kira keseluruhan [C/N] o. Nyatakan definisi [FSL]. 4/-

-4- A satellite circuit has the following parameters: Uplink, decilogs Downlink,decilogs [EIRP] 54 34 [G/T] 0 17 [FSL] 200 198 [RFL] 2 2 [AA] 0.5 0.5 [AML] 0.5 0.5 Calculate the overall [C/N] o value. State the definition of [FSL] (9 markah/marks) 5/-

-5-3. (a) Lakarkan gelombang penduaan: (i) (ii) Unipolar NRZ Polar NRZ Sketch the following binary waveform: (i) (ii) Unipolar NRZ Polar NRZ (4 markah/marks) Apakah sistem PCM?. Lakarkan satu gambarajah dan tunjukkan perbezaan PAM dan PCM. What is PCM system?. Draw a simple diagram and show the differences between PAM and PCM. (c) Terangkan bagaimana signal QPSK dapat dihasilkan dengan menggunakan signal BPSK. Tunjukkan bahawa julat yang QPSK perlukan adalah setengah dari julat BPSK yang beroperasi pada kadar data yang sama. Explain how a QPSK signal can be represented by BPSK signal. Show that the bandwidth required for QPSK signal is one-half that is required for a BPSK signal operating at the same data rate. (10 markah/marks) 6/-

-6-4. (a) Terangkan maksud jarak rangkaian efektif dalam kontek pelemahan hujan. Explain what is meant by effective path length in connection with rain attenuation (5 markah/marks) Lakarkan perbezaan di antara: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Titik subsatelit Sudut Azimut Sudut dongakan Sudut pertengahan α Sketch the difference between: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Subsatellite point Azimuth Angle Elevation Angle Intermediate angle α (4 markah/marks) (c) Sebuah stesyen bumi berada di latitud 35 o N dan longitud 65 o E. Kira sudut pemerhatian antena jika satelit berada di 19 o E. Sertakan segala lakaran dan formula yang digunakan. An earth station is located at latitude 35 o N and longitude 65 o E. Calculate the antenna look angles for a satellite at 19 o E. Include in your answer any diagram and necessary formula that was used. (7 markah/marks) (d) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan orbit geo-pegun? Apakah perbezaan di antara orbit geo-pegun dan geo-segerak? What is meant by the geostationary orbit? How does the geostationary orbit and a geosynchronous orbit differ? (4 markah/marks) 7/-

-7-5. (a) Terangkan faedah dan kelemahan DUA (2) daripada sistem multicapaian. Discuss the advantage and disadvantage of TWO of the multiple access system. Terangkan dengan gambarajah yang sesuai kaedah penghantaran TDMA dari tiga stesyen bumi ke satelit. Explain using a suitable diagram the transmission of three different earth station towards a satellite using TDMA. (c) CDMA menggunakan kaedah penghantaran spektrum hamparan, bincangkan dengan menggunakan gambarajah dan persamaan matematik, sistem penghantaran dan penerimaan CDMA uses spread spectrum transmission, discuss using possible diagrams and mathematical derivation, the transmission and reception of the system. (8 markah/marks) 8/-

-8-6. (a) Apakah perbezaan di antara pengesanan ralat dan pembetulan ralat yang ada dalam komunikasi digital yang digunakan untuk satelit. Berikan tatacara rekabentuk Kod Hamming dan cari Kod Hamming untuk 5 perutusan bit 10011. What are the different types of error detecting and error correcting codes available in digital communication used for satellites. Give the design procedure of Hamming code and find the Hamming code for the 5 message bits 10011 (8 markah/marks) Suatu aksara angka-abjad telah dihantar sebagai 7-bit perkataan, dengan menggunakan tambahan bit kesetarafan berasingan menerusi satu penyambung dengan kadar penghantaran sebanyak 9.6 Kbps. Alphanumeric characters are transmitted as 7-bit words, with single parity bit added, over a link with transmission rate of 9.6 Kbps. (i) Berapa banyak aksara yang dihantar dalam setiap saat? How many characters are transmitted each second? (ii) Jika satu muka surat teks khusus mengandungi 500 perkataan dengan purata 5 aksara satu perkataan dan satu ruang antara perkataan, berapa lamakah masa yang di ambil untuk menghantar satu mukasurat itu. If a typical page of text contains 500 words with an average of 5 characters per word and a space between words, how long does it take to transmit a page? (iii) Jika satu kadar ralat dalam satu perhubungan ialah 10 5, berapa banyak aksara untuk satu muka surat yang dikesan mempunyai ralat? Dan berapa banyak ralat yang tidak dapat dikesan? If the bit error rate on the link is 10 5, how many characters per page are detected as having errors? How many undetected errors are there? (12 markah/marks) 9/-

-9-7. (a) Terangkan senibina jejaring dan bintang dalam rangkaian VSAT. Berikan kelebihan dan kelemahan keduanya. Explain about mesh and star architectures in VSAT network. Give advantages and disadvantages of the two types. Berikan tiga jenis skim utama capaian pelbagai yang digunakan dalam sistem VSAT dan terangkan setiap satunya. Give three major types of multiple access schemes that are used in VSAT systems and explain each one of them. (7 markah/marks) (c) Dengan menggunakan gambarajah bersesuaian terangkan sistem komunikasi pensuisan bingkisan. Explain with necessary diagrams about packet switched communication system? (7 markah/marks) 10/-

-10-8. (a) Berikan beberapa fenomena yang kehilangan isyarat menerusi penghantaran atmosfera. Yang mana satukah yang mempunyai keutamaan frekuensi lebih daripada 10 Giga Hertz s? Terangkan kenapa? What are the different phenomena that lead to signal loss on transmission through atmosphere. Which phenomena is having highest importance in terms of signal loss above 10 Giga Hertz s frequency? Explain why? Satu stesen bumi yang berada pada aras laut berkomunikasi pada sudut dongakan 40 darjah dengan satelit GEO. Ketinggian kecairan bagi hujan yang turun secara menegak ialah 4 km. Cari panjang laluan fizikal signal menerusi laluan dan cari juga laluan pelemahan jika spesifikasi pelemahan ialah 2 db/km. An earth station at sea level communicates at an elevation angle of 40 degrees with a GEO satellite. The melting height of the straight form rain is 4 km. Find the physical path length through the rain, and also find the path attenuation if the specific attenuation is 2 db/km. (8 markah/marks) (c) Lukiskan gambarajah blok untuk penerima GPS dan terangkan fungsinya secara mendalam bagi setiap blok. Draw the block diagram of GPS receiver and explain about the function of each block in detail. ooo000ooo 11/-