ODFW Life Cycle Monitoring Project Background and Potential as Intensively Monitored Watersheds Erik Suring
. Necanicum Lower Nehalem Upper Nehalem Nehalem Scappoose River Scappoose LCM Background Cummins Tenmile Tenmile Siltcoos Tahkenitch Beaver Cascade Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Mill Cr (Yaquina) WF Smith EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Lower Umpqua Tillamook Nestucca Yaquina Alsea Middle Umpqua Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites Monitoring at 12 locations Data sets >10 years Coho, steelhead, Chinook, cutthroat Opportunistically chosen Fish productivity Freshwater and Marine Trends and Relationships Coos Winchester 0 5 10 20 30 Miles North Umpqua
. Necanicum Lower Nehalem Upper Nehalem Nehalem Scappoose River Scappoose Site Characteristics Cummins Tenmile Tenmile Siltcoos Tahkenitch Beaver Cascade Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Mill Cr (Yaquina) WF Smith Tillamook Alsea EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Lower Umpqua Nestucca Yaquina Middle Umpqua Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites 15 112 sq km basin size 4 58 km of spawning habitat Above tide to >50 stream km inland Private, federal, and state forest Hatchery fish presence Coos Winchester 0 5 10 20 30 Miles North Umpqua
. Beaver Necanicum Salmon Siletz Mill Cr (Siletz) Lower Nehalem Tillamook Nestucca Yaquina Mill Cr (Yaquina) Upper Nehalem Nehalem Coast Coho ESU Lower Columbia Coho ESU Coho Populations Scappoose River Scappoose Life Cycle Monitoring Basins (Smolt & Adult) Smolt Monitoring Basins Trap Sites Adult Counts No barrier to complete barrier to adult passage Visual counts (AUC Estimates) Mark-recapture estimates Complete trap counts Cummins Tenmile Cascade Alsea EF Lobster Upper Lobster Siuslaw Siltcoos Tahkenitch WF Smith Lower Umpqua Tenmile Middle Umpqua Coos Winchester 0 5 10 20 30 Miles North Umpqua
Coho Females Adult Counts Mill Creek Siletz Mill Creek Yaquina Lobster Creek Upper 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 Return Year
Adult Traps Length and Weight (Fitness/Fecundity) Migration Timing Scale samples Sex Hatchery/Wild ratios Tissue samples Genetics Disease and parasite load
Smolt Trapping
1.0 Coho trap efficiency Smolt Trapping 2D Graph 2 0.8 N Fk Nehalem Cascade Cr 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Fry 1 2 Smolts
Smolt Trapping 2D Graph 1 Steelhead trap efficiency 1.0 0.8 Plot N Fk 1 Nehalem Plot Cascade 2 Cr Y Data 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 60-89 mm 90-119 mm Smolts 1 2 3 4 X Data
Smolt Trapping Size Distribution (Fitness) Migration Timing PIT tag recoveries/tagging Scale samples Tissue samples
Other Data Collection Stream Habitat Inventories Fall and Winter Beaver Dam Inventories Temperature Coastwide Sampling Summer juvenile surveys Habitat surveys
Freshwater Survival 3.0 3.0 N Fk Nehalem 2500 Number of Smolts Number of Eggs Declining trend Density dependent effects Freshwater Survival Freshwater Survival 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0 1998 1998 1999 1999 2000 2000 2001 2001 2002 2003 2003 2004 2004 2005 2005 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 Female Spawners Freshwater Survival Full Seeding Freshwater Survival Freshwater Female Spawners Survival Freshwater Survival Full Seeding W Fk Smith 0 01998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000 1500 1000 500 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Female Spawners Female Spawners
Freshwater survival 8 Freshwater Survival 6 4 2 W Fk Smith R 2 = 0.95 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 Female Spawners
Juveniles/km Seeding Level 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 - - 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 Female Spawners/km
Habitat Limiting Factors Model (HLFM) Habitat inventories Maximum smolt production Evaluate and Refine the HLFM
Habitat Limiting Factors Model HLFM V 6.0
HLFM Estimates average smolt capacity from aquatic inventory estimates of area of different habitats. Based on average densities in different habitat types observed in fully-seeded streams (Nickelson et al. 1992). Typically winter habitat is limiting.
Seasonal Habitat Use Coho salmon density by habitat type (fish/m 2 Habitat Type Spring Summer Winter Cascade 0 0.24 0 Rapid 0.6 0.14 0.01 Riffle 1.2 0.12 0.01 Glide 1.81 0.77 0.12 Trench pool 0.99 1.79 0.15 Plunge pool 0.84 1.51 0.28 Lateral scour pool 1.29 1.74 0.35 Mid-channel scour pool 1.29 1.74 0.35 Dammed pool 2.56 1.84 0.56 Alcove 5.75 0.92 1.84 Beaver pond 2.56 1.84 1.84 Backwater pool 5.75 1.18 0.58 Spawning gravel 2500 eggs/redd / 3 m 2 /redd = 833 eggs/m 2
Table 1. Example of application of the coho salmon habitat limiting factors model (HLFM Version 5.0). Stream: East Fork Lobster Creek Stream inventories conducted summer 1990 and winter 1990-91. Stream length: 3.8 km Seasonal capacity from below Survivlal Potential smolts (Capacity * Survival) Spawning 1,330,000 eggs 0.32 425,600 Spring 32,373 fry 0.46 14,900 Summer 13,876 parr 0.72 10,000 Winter 4,576 presmolts 0.90 4,118 Limiting habitat and Smolt capacity Stream area (m 2 ) by habitat habitat type from inventories Life stage capacity by habitat (Area * Density Habitat type Summer Winter Spawning Spring Summer Winter Cascades 39 296-9 - Rapids 4,398 10,307 6,184 616 103 Riffles 1,847 6,223 7,468 222 62 Glides 2,966 1,911 3,459 2,284 229 Trench pools 62 - - 111 - Plunge pools 667 1,167 980 1,007 327 Lateral scour pools 4,346 5,526 7,129 7,562 1,934 Mid-channel scour pools - - - - - Dammed pools 168 1,048 2,683 309 587 Alcoves - - - - - Beaver Ponds 671 558 1,428 1,235 1,027 Backwater pools 442 529 3,042 522 307 Spawning gravel 1,596 1,330,000 Total Capacity 1,330,000 32,373 13,876 4,576
Smolts. 25000 Mill Creek (Siletz) 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 Female Spawners/mile
Returning Female Spawners. Marine Survival (%). Marine Survival Number of Spawners Number of Smolts N Female Spawners NF Nehalem Marine Survival OPI Marine Survival 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Return Year
Returning Female Spawners. Marine Survival (%). Marine Survival N Female Spawners Mill Creek Yaquina Marine Survival OPI Marine Survival 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Return Year
Paired Watershed Research Mill Cr Beaver Cummins and Tenmile Yaquina (Yaquina) E Fk Lobster and Upper Lobster Alsea Cascade Cummins EF Lobster Li (S Sm Tr Tenmile Upper Lobster Siuslaw
Using a BACI sampling design to determine changes in juvenile salmonid populations after habitat restoration: Case studies from the coast of Oregon Authors: Steven Johnson & Jeffrey Rodgers Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
Study Objectives Determine changes in Habitat Parameters
Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate
Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate
Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Winter Survival Rate Coho = Smolts (yr +1) / Summer (yr)
Study Objectives Determine changes in Salmonid Populations Summer Rearing Populations Spring Smolt Populations Freshwater Survival Rate Sthd = Smolts (yr +1, yr +2, yr +3) / Summer (yr)
Tenmile Creek Evaluation Study Design Year 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Tenmile Pre Treatment Post Treatment Cummins Reference Stream Determine Differences in: Habitat Parameters Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead Smolt Population Steelhead Freshwater Survival Rate
1996 Wood Input October Restoration Project February Flood Input
Age 0+ Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead age 0+ Population (thousands) Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment Tenmile (Treatment) 100 Riffle Rearing Density = 0.3 Fish / Sq. M 80 60 40 20 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Age 0+ Steelhead Summer Rearing Population Steelhead age 0+ Population (thousands) Steelhead Age 0+ Population (thousands) Tenmile (Treatment) Pre-Treatment 100 Post-Treatment 9.73 4.48 Riffle Rearing Density = 0.3 Fish / Sq. M 80 60 40 20 Cummins (Reference) 0 20 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Riffle Rearing Density Pre Yrs. = 0.1 Fish / Sq. M ost Yrs. = 0.25 Fish / Sq. M 15 10 5 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Steelhead smolt population (thousands) Steelhead smolt population (thousands) Tenmile (Treatment) Steelhead Smolt Population Pre-Treatment 20 18 15 13 10 8 5 3 Post-Treatment 3.44 4.99 Cummins (Reference) 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 4 3 2 1 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Steelhead survival rate (%) Steelhead survival rate (%) Steelhead Freshwater Survival Tenmile (Treatment) 30 Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment 0.35 1.11 25 20 15 10 5 Cummins (Reference) 0 30 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Lobster Creek (Alsea R.) Study Design Year 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 Treatment Upper Lobster Pre Treatment Post Treatment Reference East Fork Lobster Determine Differences in: Test and Refine HLFM Habitat Parameters Coho Summer Rearing Population Coho Smolt Population Coho Winter Survival Rate
Lobster Creek (Alsea) Instream Restoration
Upper Lobster (Alsea) 23 Dam Pools 8 Off-channel Alcove Pools
Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Summer Population Pre-Treatment 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Treatment
Coho Summer Population Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Pre-Treatment 0.78 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Treatment Reference
Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Summer Population Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment 0.78 1.55 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Treatment Reference
Coho Smolt Population Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Pre-Treatment 0.84 10000 7500 5000 2500 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Treatment Reference
Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Coho Smolt Population Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment 0.84 2.96 10000 7500 5000 2500 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Treatment Reference
Lobster Creek (Alsea) Evaluation Overwinter Survival (%) Pre-Treatment Post-Treatment 0.88 1.90 60 45 30 15 0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Treatment Reference
Positives: Conclusions * Measure as many life history stages as possible * Direct Comparison Before and After Treatment * Pre Data Provides Estimate of Natural Variability * Treatment:Control Ratio Buffers Between YR. Variability Negatives: * Appropriate Control Stream? * Long Time Frame -- Increases Risk of External Variables -- Difficult to maintain consistency -- Difficult to maintain funding
Assessing patterns of fish demographics and habitat in stream networks J.L. Ebersole 1, M.E. Colvin 2, P.J. Wigington Jr. 1, S.G. Leibowitz 1, and K.M. Burnett 3 1. US Environmental Protection Agency, Western Ecology Division, Corvallis, OR USA 2. Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa USA 3. US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Laboratory, Corvallis, OR USA Photo image area measures 2 H x 6.93 W and can be masked by a collage strip of one, two or three images. The photo image area is located 3.19 from left and 3.81 from top of page. Each image used in collage should be reduced or cropped to a maximum of 2 high, stroked with a 1.5 pt white frame and positioned edge-to-edge with accompanying images. Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Western Ecology Division
Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Research Approach Overwinter: survival, growth, and movement PIT = full duplex passive integrated transponder 12mm 134.2kHz PIT tagging, tracking, and recapturing individual fish Unique ID for individual fish
Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
Observed Overwinter Survival Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Low Medium High
Future Studies Summer population surveys Freshwater survival components Steelhead survival components Climate change monitoring Temperature and Flow DEQ water quality/invertebrate sampling Beavers Paired watershed studies?