CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Engineering) With Honours Faculty of Electronic and Computer Engineering Universiti Tenikal Malaysia Melaka April 2009
UNIVERSTI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA '.O,.- FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS LAPORAN PRQJEK SARJANA MUDA I1 Tajuk Projek Sesi Pengajian : CHILD SAFETY MONITORING SYSTEM : 200812009 Saya : NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI mengaku membenarkan Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda ini disimpan di Perpustakaan dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Laporan adalah hakmilik Vniversiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. 2. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan laporan ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. Sila tandakan ( 4 ) : SULIT* TERHAD* (Mengandungi maklurnat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972) (Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasilbadan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan) TIDAK TERHAD Disahkan oleh: L (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) Alamat Tetap: Blok A, AG-02, Kuaters Guru, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang )uzura BT H A W w --OJQaJbn wmkd -y*r M W (UTe") ~p~no ~&una No 1752 pa* Pm c)rmsn Tung~a' 76109 Lwkm TUWW"? Maleka KwrUI6K&l K Jllir..Ci I 80 *at/ a009 Tarikh:............................ Tarikh: dl!..%?:!...%!?.?....
"I hereby declare that this report is the result of my own work expect for quotes as cited in the references." Signature :....-.. :.............. Author : NAJWA HANNAN BINTI MOHD SUBRI Date : 30 APRIL 2009
"I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms of the scope and quality for the award of Bachelor of Electronic Engineering (Industrial Electronics) With Honours" Signature Supervisor's Name : PN. HAZURA HAROON Date : 30 APRIL 2009
DEDICATION Special to my mom and my family, thanks a lot for all your support and love. For my friends, thank for helping and guide me for all this time. Hope all of us will success and happy ever after.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Several people played an important role in the accomplishing of this Final Year Project and I would like to acknowledge them here. First I would like to thank Pn. Hazura Haroon, my project supervisor for the guidance and assistance to purseu this project. I also wish to thank my parents for the support in financial as well for the encouragement throughout my couse study. Besides, I would like to thank my friends Siti Aishah Zulkefli, Ruzzaima Kamaruldzaman and Nur Hidayah Ahmad for their support and advice. Finally, I would like to thank for all people around me who had involved directly or indirectly for throughout their advices and supports to accomplish this project.
ABSTRACT The idea of this project comes out because of when the house become larger, more risky and dangerous to children. A child safety monitoring system detected when a child enters a dangerous area at home. The main objective of this system is to help avoid child injuries. This system contains of three parts of circuits which are sensor circuit, RF wireless transmitter and receiver circuit, and LCD display circuit. Infrared sensors are embedded into a doorway to monitor activity so that the device can distinguish between the presence of an adult and a child. When child cross through the doorway, the output can be displayed on the LCD display to alert the parents of danger. The output display is corresponded to a chosen position setting, for example bathroom and kitchen. The devices are tested for accuracy and reliability.
ABSTRAK Projek ini bertujuan untuk membina sebuah sistem pemantau keselamatan kanakkanak. System ini dibina kerana kebanyakkan rumah yang besar berisiko tinggi kepada kanak-kanak kecil. Tujuan utama system ini dibina adalah untuk mengelakkan kecederaan kanak-kanak di rumah. System ini mempunyai tiga sub-litar iaitu litar pemancar infrared, litar penerima dan pemancar wireless dan litar paparan keluaran LCD. Pengesan infrared ditanam didalam pintu laluan untuk rnemerhatikan kanakkanak. System ini boleh membezakan antara dewasa dan kanak-kanak yang melintas setiap pengesan infrared. Semasa kanak-kanak melintasi pintu laluan, keluaran akan ditayang pada skrin LCD untuk menyedarkan ibu bapa bahawa anak mereka dalam bahaya. Keluaran pada skrin boleh diubahsuai dengan tempat yang ingin dijadikan sbagai kawasan yang berisiko kepada kanak-kanak, contohnya bilik air dan dapur.
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER TOPIC PAGE.. PROJECT TITLE CONFESSION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF ABBREVIATION LIST OF APPENDIX i ii v vi vii viii ix xiii xiv mi xvii I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Project objectives 1.3 Problem statement 1.4 Scope of Project 1.4.1 Block diagram 1.4.1.1 Child 1.4.1-2 Infrared sensor 1.4.1.3 Encoder
1.4.1.4 Wireless transmitter 5 1.4.1.5 Wireless receiver 5 1.4.1.6 Decoder 5 1.4.1.7 PIC #1 5 1.4.1.7 LCD 6 1.5 Methodology 6 1.6 Structure of report 6 I1 LITERATURE REVIEW 8 Introduction Safety system 2.2.1 Wireless security system 2.2.1.1 Active infrared sensor 2.2.1.2 Passive infrared sensor 2.2.1.3 Comparison passive and active to infrared sensor 2.2.2 Discrimination Children from Adults in Safety System 2.2.2.1 Acoustic Sensing 2.2.2.2 Comparison Acoustic Sensing to the Infrared Sensor 2.2.3 Seat Monitoring Device Encoder Decoder Radio Frequency Module Set, 315MHz Microcontroller PIC 16F877 2.8 Comparison Microcontroller PIC 16F8XX 26
111 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 Discrimination Children from Adults in Safety System 3.1.2 Seat Monitoring Device 3.1.3 Child Safety Monitoring System 3.2 Full System 3.3 Flow Chart 3.4 Hardware 3.5 Programming 3.6 Model 3.7 Study and Research of the Project 3.8 Flow chat for Decoder IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION 43 4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Doorway Configuration 4.2 Description of the Doorway Configuration 4.3 Results 4.3.1 Sensor Circuit 4.3.2 RF Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Circuit 4.3.2.1 Description of RF Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Circuit 4.3.3 LCD Display Simulation
xii 4.3.4 Output LCD Display 4.3.5 Description LCD Display Circuit 4.4 Analysis Result V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Suggestion REFERENCES APPENDIX
xiii LIST OF TABLE NO TITLE PAGE 2.1 Child Discrimination Parameters 15 2.2 The Major Company 8-bit Microcontroller and their Features 26
xiv' LIST OF FIGURE NO TITLE PAGE 1. I Block diagram 2.1 Infrared LED Transmitter Sensor 2.2 Infrared LED Receiver Sensor 2.3 Blok Diagram of Remote and Central Location 2.4 Person Passes through the Transmitter and Receiver 2.5 Passive Infiared Sensor 2.6 Acoustic Sensor Detection Area 2.7 Encoder HT- 12E 2.8 Encoder HT- 12E Pins 2.9 Decoder HT-12D 2.10 Encoder HT- 12E 2.1 1 RF Wireless Transmitter Module 2.12 Front of RF Wireless Receiver Module 2.13 Back Side of RF Wireless Receiver Module 2.14 PIC 16F877 Pin Diagram 2.15 Types of PIC 16FXXX 2.16 LM324 3.1 Flow chart of this Project 3.2 Sensors Circuit Simulation 3.3 Encoder with Transmitter Circuit
3.4 Decoder with Receiver Circuit 3.6 LCD Display Output 'ADULTS' 3.7 Voltage Regulator Circuit 3.8 Frame of Prototype 3.9 Flow chart of Encode and Decode 4.1 Doorway Configuration 4.2 Project Model 4.3 Sensors Circuit Simulation 4.4 Sensor without Blocking Circuit 4.5 Sensor without Blocking Circuit 4.6 RF Wireless Transmitter and Receiver Circuit 4.7 LCD Display Output "Ready" 4.8 LCD Display Output "KITCHEN" 4.9 LCD Display Output "BATHROOM" 4.10 LCD Display Output "Ready" 4.1 1 LCD Display Output 'Wo Baby"
xvi LIST OF ABBREVIATION RF - Radio Frequency PIC - Programmable Integrated Circuit
xvii LIST OF APPENDIX TITLE PAGE Decoder HT- 12D Encoder HT- 12E Datasheet RF Wireless Transmitter Module, 315MHz Datasheet RF Wireless Receiver Module, 315MHz Datasheet QSD 123 Datasheet QED 123 Source Code PIC 16F877
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter is presented briefly explanation about this project. This chapter includes of objectives, problem statement, scope of project, block diagram, methodology and structure of report. 1.1 Introduction A child safety monitoring system is a monitoring system to alert adult when a child enters a dangerous or high-risk area at home. The monitoring device is able to distinguish between children and adults to avoid false alarm when inadvertently activated by adults. A safety system is designed to be always ON, non-intrusive, sensitive and flexible. These features would help alleviate problems associated with common consumer behaviors for busy parents who always working on desk. This project is accomplished through the use of infrared sensor. Allow parents to choose which areas are low, medium and high risk zone. Height is the parameter that varies greatly between adults and children.
1.2 Objectives The main purposes of this project are to create a monitoring system that alert adult when a child enters dangerous or risky areas at home. This accomplish by using infrared sensors which are plastic infrared light emitting diode and plastic npn silicon phototransistor. This system allows parents to choose which areas are low, medium and high risk zone. This system reduces the percents of false output display. It is because this system differentiates between adults and children height. Besides, this system is using LCD to display the output where baby is detected and using the C Language to program the PIC16F877. 1.3 Problem Statement Children under one year most often drown in bathtubs, buckets, or toilets [I]. Among children ages 1 to 4 years, most drowning occurs in residential swimming pools [I]. Most young children who drowned in pools were last seen in the home, had been out of sight less than five minutes, and were in the care of one or both parents at the time Infrared sensors are applied in this project to sense a child when cross the dangerous area. Infrared sensors are placed at the dangerous or high-risk areas. If a child passes through the high-risk areas, the sensors can detect the child and the result will be displayed on the monitor. 1.4 Scope of Project The infrared sensors are placed at stairs, embedded in the doorway of kitchen and bathrooms. The sensors are set at lower height to 1 centimeter, even a crawling baby could be sensed when crossing the doorway. The upper height is set at 17.5 centimeters,
which is the average height for five years old. The range of wireless transmitter and receiver by using Radio Frequency Module Set, 315MHz should cover at least 30 meters. This range is suitable for the size of double story house. The information from sensors can be transmitted to the LCD display (output). The disadvantage of this system is parents cannot keep their eye on their children when they are not on the desk. So they cannot know whether their child is entering the dangerous zone or not. including:- The scope of project must be done to achieve the project objectives. It is i. Circuit design a. There are two pairs of infrared LED sensors which are set at lower height for children at 1 centimeter and at higher height for adults at 17.5 centimeters. b. The transmitter and receiver circuit by using Radio Frequency Module Set, 315MHz is function to transmit the signal from infrared LED sensors to the receiver. Then receiver will send the data to microcontroller (PIC 16F877) to display the baby's position at LCD screen... 11. Programming design a. CCS Compiler to program microcontroller (PIC 16F877).
1.4.1 Block Diagram - C I L, D - + lnfraredsensorl (Kitchen) lnfraredsensor 2 (Bathroom) + _I - E n c, d r -, I Wireless Transmitter.+ Wrelen Receiver -, D e c, e r - -+ PIC #1 ', LCD.1 Figure 1.1 Block Diagram The block diagram consists of child, infrared sensors, encoder, wireless transmitter, wireless receiver, decoder and PIC #l. 1.4.1.1 Child Child is the target for this project. 1.4.1.2 Infrared sensor The infrared sensor will be detected the child's motion and sent a signal to the encoder then to the wireless transmitter when a child crosses the path. Infrared sensors will be embedded in the doorway of kitchen and bathrooms and placed at the stairs.
1.4.1.3 Encoder Encoder can encode four bits of data and four address bits (16 addresses). One of two input modes can be selected by connecting pin 8 eight high or low. In one mode the encoding of data can be active high initiated by a transmit enable pin and in another mode the encoding can be active low initiated by any or all data pins. 1.4.1.4 Wireless transmitter The wireless transmitter will received the data output from encoder and then sends the information to the wireless receiver. 1.4.1.5 Wireless receiver The wireless receiver obtains the data information that is sent by wireless transmitter and then sends the data information to PIC #l. 1.4.1.6 Decoder When used as a decoder, either momentary or latched data outputs can be selected by connecting pin 12 either high or low. A momentary valid transmit output indicates when valid data is being received. 1.4.1.7 PIC #1 This microcontroller deciphers the information that is sent by the receiver and outputs the information to the LCD.
1.4.1.8 LCD LCD displayed the output where baby is detected. 1.5 Methodology There are plans and method that has been used for project child safety monitoring system in order to achieve the objectives successfblly: i... 11. iii. iv. v. vi. vii.... v111. ix. Literature review. Software development. Hardware development. Information research about PIC 16F877 with C language using PIC software. Design input/output sensor setup. Build wireless system: Antenna, Transmitter and Receiver. Program coding and testing for PIC. Integrating input/output PIC #1 with receiver wireless module. Integrating between hardware and software. 1.6 Structure of Report In the main, this report includes five main chapters. There are Introduction, Literature Reviews, Methodology, Results and Discussion and Conclusions. In Chapter I - Introduction, briefly explain overview of the entire project, objectives, problem statement that is facing in daily life which is need to execute the project, scope of work to develop the project and methods that are used.
In Chapter I1 - Literature Review, all the theories is explained in this chapter are taken and referred from journals, articles and books which are related to this project. In Chapter I11 - Methodology, this chapter explains all the methods that are use to accomplish the objectives of this project. In Chapter IV - Result and Discussion, this chapter discusses the expected result for this project. In Chapter V - Conclusion and Suggestion, this chapter includes suggestion, strengths and weakness of the project.