Advancements in Quartz Based Oscillator Technologies Advanced Timing for High Speed Connectivity 2015 2017 Rakon Limited 0
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Topics Background Resonator Improvements Profile, Power & Performance Atomic clock stabilities with Quartz 1
Resonator Fabrication CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION DESIGN RESONATORS GROW QUARTZ SWEEP CUT LAP ROUND ORIENT IN MASK CLEAN ETCH (CHEMICAL POLISH) CONTOUR ANGLE CORRECT X-RAY ORIENT DEPOSIT CONTACTS PREPARE ENCLOSURE MOUNT BOND INSPECT CLEAN TEST SEAL FREQUENCY ADJUST PLATE BAKE FINAL CLEAN OSCILLATOR 2
Low Profile Crystals CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION SC vs Stripped SC q HC43 vs Strip q Key Advantages in : Size Power Performance Higher reliability Automated process Low component OCXOs 3
Low Profile Crystals 2 CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Quartz Crystal ½ Package Size WAFER LEVEL MANUFACTURING STRESS RELIEF FROM MOUNTING 4
Low Ageing Crystals CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION HC-43 3OT SC-Cut: <0.5 ppb/day @ 10 days Strip Crystal: <0.5 ppb/day @ ~30 days 5
Phase Noise vs. g-sensitivity In the presence of Vibration, oscillator Phase Noise is degraded. Oscillators with low g-sensitivity will reduce the impact of Vibration. -10 26 MHz Random TCXO: Vibration Random Induced Vibration Phase Induced Noise Phase Noise PN-Γ(No No Vibration Vibration) PN-Γ(0.2 PN-Γ(2 ppb/g) ppb/g) PN-Γ(1 PN-Γ(1 ppb/g) ppb/g) PN-Γ(2 PN-Γ(0.2 ppb/g) ppb/g) Phase Noise (dbc) -30-50 -70-90 -110-130 For GNSS Receivers: Close in Phase Noise from 0.1Hz to 1Hz is critical. 2 ppb/g 1 ppb/g Target: 0.1 ppb/g (Max) 0.2 ppb/g -150 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 Frequency Offset [Hz] PSD [g 2 /Hz] 1 0.1 Power Spectral Density vs. Frequency 0.01 10 100 1000 10000 Frequency [Hz] 6
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION TCXOs with low F vs T & slope FREQUENCY STABILITY FROM -40 C TO 85 C Typical TCXO FvsT response Digital TCXO FvsT response 7
Low Spurious Levels CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Other Technologies Quartz 8
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Improvements in IC based OCXOs Feature Previous Generation Current generation Temperature Stability +/-20ppb +/-5ppb Ageing 1ppb 0.2ppb Crystal Type AT AT, SC, SC-Strips Frequency <50M 100M+ Support for 3OT No Yes Phase Noise (dbc/hz@hz, for 10M) 30-60 20-80 10-100 Frequency (ppb) 0-10 -20 dbc/hz -120-140 -160-30 -40-20 0 20 40 60 80 85 Current Gen -2-1.2-1.1-1.2-0.9-0.7 0.7 1.9 Prev Gen 0 12 5-5 -14-9 4 6-180 1 Hz 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 khz 10 khz 100 khz 1MHz Current Gen -91-122.4-140.9-157.8-162.1-162.1-161.2 Prev Gen -68-93 -120-137 -150-152 -153 9
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Typical IC based OCXO F vs T performance 2 IC OCXOs - Frequency & Slope Vs Temperature Frequency Slope Temperature 0.2 1 0.1 Frequency (ppb) 0-1 -2 Temperature ( o C) END ROM1490 Temperature Vs Time 85 Ramp rate: 1 C/min 70 55 40 25 10-5 -20-35 -50 Time (mins) 360 420 480 540 600 660 720 Temperature (⁰C) -50-40 -30-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 START 0-0.1-0.2 Slope (ppb / ⁰C) 10
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Improvements in Stratum 3E stability levels IC based Discrete Next Gen Discrete Package Size 14 x 9 mm 25 x 22 mm 25 x 22 mm Temperature Stability 10 ppb pk-pk 10 ppb pk-pk 1 ppb pk-pk Ageing 1ppb/day 1ppb/day 0.5 ppb/day Life Time Accuracy ±4.6 ppm ±2 ppm ±2 ppm Temperature range -40 to 85 C -40 to 85 C -40 to 85 C Sensitivity 0.5 ppb/ C 0.2 ppb/ C 0.1 ppb/ C Hermetic sealing Yes Yes Yes Power 0.4 W 0.75 W 0.75 W 11
Improvements on long holdover CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 5 V Supply SMART OCXOs Including: Power Management Temperature compensation Ageing compensation Filtering Ageing learning sequence pps Synth. 1 pps IN (GPS module) 1 pps OUT DAC Frequency control input Double Oven OCXO 10 MHz OUT I²C bus Interface Management Thermal compensation 12
Holdover CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 13
Performance updates Characteristics Current D-OCXO Commercial Rb Clock Next Gen OCXO Dimension (L x W x H in mm) 38 x 27 x 12 51 x 51 x 18 52 x 42 x 14 Power Consumption at start 3.5W 14W 7.0W steady state @ +25 C 1.5W 5W 2.5W Operating Temperature from -40 C to +85 C from -10 C to +75 C from -40 C to +85 C Holdover Performance with 1pps & learning with 1pps & learning Stable conditons 1.5µs for 24h 1.5µs for 48h including ± 20 C variation 8µs for 24h 7µs for 24h 1.5µs for 24h Frequency Stability with 1pps & learning with 1pps & learning Vs. Time / Long Term Ageing Vs. Temperature (peak to peak) per Day < 2E-10 < 2.5E-11 1.E-11 < 1.0E-9 < 0.1E-9 < 0.1E-9 Short term (Allan std. Dev. 1s) < 3E-12 < 3E-11 < 2E-12 COST COMPARISON x 10x 3x 14
Performances CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION 15
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION Summary Quartz based crystal oscillators provide low phase noise, stable clock references Improved technologies move the performance of TCXOs to OCXO levels Strip SC crystal technology improves performance, power & cost in Stratum 3E stability levels IC-based oscillators reduce power and footprint profile at given stability levels SMART OCXOs performances move closer to Rubidium 16
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION References & Acknowledgements W.L. Bond, Crystal Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1976. J. A. Kusters, Resonator and Device Technology," in E. A. Gerber and A. Ballato, Precision Frequency Control, Vol. 1, pp.161-183, Academic Press, 1985. Nigel Hardy, Principal Design Engineer Mike Mcllroy, Engineering Manager Product Research & Development Claude Trialoup, Marketing & Applications Manager Cyril Datin, R&D - Product Development Manager David Swarbrick, Senior Electronics Engineer 17
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