NEW Ka band HTS Solutions for Offshore Communications The increasing necessity for Bandwidth from offshore communications and the promises of Ka band, spot beams and frequency reuse April 2014
CHANGING COMMUNICATIONS NEEDS IN OFFSHORE O&G
Oil & Gas Segment The addressable market is forecasted to grow from 2.3 Gbps in 2013 to above 40Gbps in 2025 Strong Drivers: Video conference and control; Seismic Survey ships providing data collection to supercomputers in data centers. Telemedicine
CHANGING TECHNOLOGIES
Tradicional Options for ofshore connection
Communication Link Summary Type Primary Advantage Primary Disadvantage Primary Choice Microwave Radio High capacity, low cost equipment Limited to line of sight links Shallow water platforms within approximately 30 Km from a shore station Troposcatter Radio High capacity, can reach long distances offshore Equipment cost compared to microwave and VSAT Any offshore platform from 30 Km to approximately 250 Km VSAT Global reach Recurring transponder lease costs Low rate, less than 2 Mb/s, connectivity between offshore and onshore sites geographically remote from the oil field. Optical fiber Highest capacity Installation costs, recurring costs for standby restoral services Used for large fields such as Campus Bay, North Sea and Gulf of Mexico for implementing a large network of multiple platforms.
HTS concept High Throughput Satellites offer many times the throughput of the classic FSS satellites for the same amount of allocated orbital spectrum. The definition is not precise, but generally everything above 2-3 Gigabits/second is considered to be an HTS satellite. Today, the highest performing HTS satellites can carry well in excess of 100 Gigabits/second. Increase in capacity is a result of high-level frequency re-use and spot beam technology enabling multiple narrowly focused beam, in a configuration similar to cellular systems; Usually HTS uses Ka band (sometimes Ku band). In the future, other bands for the feeder link shall be imposed, e.g., Q and V.
How the HT is achieved A satellite s total throughput, irrespective of frequency band being used, is largely determined by the following factors: Frequency Re-Use (Spectrum Efficiency) Size of Spot Beams (Coverage) Amount of Spectrum Available (Bandwidth Regulated) Trade-off: Noise Temperature vs Spot Interference More user with consumer grade quality Fewer user with carrier grade quality
Amount of Spectrum Available: Ka Band Band registered by ANATEL at ITU: Up link: 17,7 to 20,2 GHz Down link: 27,0 to 30,0 GHz (Includes K and Ka Bands)
Multi-beams and Frequency Reuse Multi-beam allows increasing the aggregate overall satellite BW through frequency reuse o Frequency reuse pattern depends on o Target Coverage; o User Locations; o Relative target traffic per area o Number of colors in the frequency reuse is mission specific o More colors, less inference, more complex satellites o Number of required colors is also linked to coverage topology o Typical Frequency reuse schemes o Divide frequency band by 4 => 4 colors o Cover the service area with a multiple beams assigning one color per beam. o Each beam has ¼ of the spectrum available. Frequency reuse pattern is Number of beams / 4 The way to increase frequency resource seems unlimited by just increasing the number of beams, but it has a practical limit due to satellite antenna limitations in size, pointing accuracy and inter-beam isolation.
Frequency Reuse Architecture FONTE: SES BROADCAST DAY 2012
Typical Architecture of an HTS System User Spot beams: between 10 to 120 One gateway serves several Spot beams (4 to 16) Gateway-to-user link: TDM carrier (DVB-S2 in most cases) High rate carrier (30 to 200 MSps) User-to-gateway link: MF/TDMA carriers (typ. DVB-RCS or S-Docsis, other solutions possible) Low to medium rate carriers (128 ksps to 10 MSps)
Spot Beam The Ka Band Future There is more Ka-Band spectrum available than Ku band Is is increasingly hard to find new orbital positions for Ku band satellites Ka band potentially allowas satellites to be spaced closer together COMSYS Digital Ship 12
HTS is not necessarily ka band Source: http://www.newtec.eu/article/article/the-future-of-high-throughput-satellites-for-service-providers
Frequency Selection Will depend on: Desired Throughput Availability Atmospheric Conditions
Atmosferic Atenuation Efect Amplified Ka Band is more sensitive to atmosphere humidity and rain than Ku band, which in turn will be more sensitive than C band. Greater Eirp and G/T help to increase rain margin. Mitigation technics adopted : UPC, ALC, ACM
Mitigation Technics: ACM Adaptive Coding and Modulation (ACM) on DVB-S2 Em Condições de Céu Claro opera na máxima velocidade Durante condições de chuva o sistema reduz temporariamente a velocidade (usando o mecanismo de ACM) evitando a interrupção até que a condição fique muito severa. A modulação e o Código são ajustados dinamicamente, para cada ponto de recepção (ou conjuntos de pontos). Isto é feito pacote a pacote de depende de uma informação do ponto remoto da condição da recepção.
Evolution of Ka Technology
NEW GEO SATELLITE SOLUTIONS Inmarsat Global Express New technology, driving us all further Global Ka has not been done before Rain fade will need to be dealt with L-band backup as part of the package Commercial model will be different. Promising high data rates Intelsat Epic High throughput based on Ku Backed-up by C, normal Ku and also Ka Based on proven technology Regional Ka and other frequency combinations Offering choice, flexibility & the service level required Enable technology adoption when ready ASTRIUM Digital Ship 12
INTELSAT EpicNG concept Combines Intelsat s spectral rights in the C-, Ku- and Kabands with high throughput technology For each satellite, four to five times more capacity than Intelsat s traditional satellites; anticipated throughput of 25-60 Gbps per satellite; Projected in-service date in 2015 and 2016; Open architecture, backward compatible, combination spot and broadcast beams; Customers will define network topologies and service characteristics, enabling the successful delivery of customized services to their end-users
Intelsat epic ng coverage The Intelsat EpicNG platform will enable throughput in the range of 25-60 Gbps, about 10 times that of traditional satellites. Maritime users in a beam can experience downlink speeds of up to 290 Mbps, and uplink speeds up to 220 Mbps.
INMARSAT GLOBAL XPRESS Global Xpress first satellite Inmarsat-5 F1 successfully took off from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 8 December 2013. Global Xpress will deliver seamless global coverage and mobile broadband with downlink speeds up to 50Mbps, and up to 5Mbps over the uplink, from to customer terminals from 20cm-60cm in size
GX System Architecture
O3b: The MEO satellite solution
End-of-Pass - Before Handover Setting Satellite Rising Satellite O3b Gateway Customer Terminal Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder
End-of-Pass - During Handover Setting Satellite Rising Satellite O3b Gateway Customer Terminal Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder
During Handover Setting Satellite Rising Satellite O3b Gateway Customer Terminal Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder
End-of-Pass - After Handover Setting Satellite Rising Satellite O3b Gateway Customer Terminal Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder Demod Decoder Mod Coder Demod Decoder 28
O3b Benefits at a Glance
O3b Energy Coverage
Comparing the satellite options C, Ku, Ka GEO Satellite C, Ku Hub Ka
O3b service to 2.4m antenna: Amazon Beam
First in Brasil- Amazonas 3
VIASAT BRASIL Ka Band Coverage Low cost high throughput via satellite up to 8Mb. 3 spot beams at Amazonas 3 2 Teleports (Gateways), one in LA and one in USA 3 Gbps total capacity
List of High Throughput Satellites Anik F2 (July 2004) Thaicom 4 (August 2005) Spaceway-3 (August 2007) WINDS (February 2008) KA-SAT (December 2010) Yahsat Y1A (April 2011) ViaSat-1 (October 2011) Yahsat Y1B (April 2012) Yahsat Y1B (April 2012) HYLAS 2 (July 2012) EchoStar XVII (July 2012) Astra 2E (July 2013) O3b satellite constellation (June 2013) - Ka Inmarsat Global Xpres (2014) - Ka Intelsat Epic (2015) C, Ku and Ka Eutelsat E3b (2015) Ka SGDC (2016) X and Ka Amazonas 4B (2016) Ka Star On D1 (2016) C, Ku and Ka
Dedicated (Closed) or Open Systems
What HTS technology to choose? It will depend on basic Technical & Bussiness Considerations: End-user applications; Geographic location of services to be provided Network performance/cost Availability of back-up capacity Current investments in gateway, terminals, systems and training Available frequency rights.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
What to Expect in the Near Term Key points: Flexible and intelligent payloads as key technology topics; o multi-spot beam satellites; o multi-application architectures; o Steerable beams; o Channelized technology Ka-band and HTS explosion; Satellite interference becomes more important than ever in a multibeam world. Bandwidth efficiency and standards: the move to Shannon limit; Verticals shaping satellite architecture and technologies; But with a multiservice approach to mitigate risk. Staggering projections for the next 10 years: 1.5 1.7 Tbps of capability being put into the sky by HTS Satellites.
SUMMARY Ka-band does present added challenges related to rain fade. Through careful system design, Ka-band satellites are capable of delivering service availability that matches current Ku-band satellites. This is achieved using satellite ALC, antenna site diversity and ACM; Overall throughput of a satellite system is dependent mainly on three factors: available spectrum, spot beam size and frequency re-use. These factors apply equally to Ku-band and Ka-band, and suggest that spotbeam satellites will play an increasingly important role in the future because they have the potential to significantly reduce the cost per bit delivered over a satellite link. With more spectrum available for Ka-band than for Ku-band, the highest overall satellite throughput is realized using Ka-band.