ATOLL LTE FEATURES
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Slide 2 of 82
1. LTE Planning Overview LTE Features Supported in Atoll LTE Workflow in Atoll Slide 3 of 82
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Various Frequency Bands Scalable Channel Bandwidths Resource Blocks per Channel and Sampling Frequencies Support of TDD and FDD Frame Structures Half-frame/Full-frame Switching Point Periodicities for TDD Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefixes Downlink and Uplink Control Channels and Overheads Downlink and uplink reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, PDCCH, PUCCH, etc. RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ Support in predictions and Simulations Slide 4 of 82
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Physical Cell IDs Implementation Inter-Cell Interference Coordination Support Fractional Frequency Reuse Modelling Support of Fractional Power Control (UL) Support of Directional CPE Antennas Signal Level Based Coverage Planning CINR Based Coverage Planning Possibility of Fixed Subscriber Database for Fixed Applications Slide 5 of 82
LTE Features supported in Atoll Supports Evolved UTRA (3GPP Release 8 LTE) Networks Network Capacity Analysis using Monte Carlo Simulations Scheduling and Resource Allocation in Two-dimensional Frames Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Systems Transmit and Receive Diversity Single-User MIMO or spatial multiplexing Adaptive MIMO Switch (AMS) Modelling of Multi-User MIMO (collaborative MIMO UL only) Tools for Resource Allocation Automatic Allocation of Neighbours Automatic Allocation of Physical Cell IDs Automatic Allocation of Frequencies (AFP) Specific Module Network Verification Possible using Drive Test Data Slide 6 of 82
LTE Workflow in Atoll Open an existing project or create a new one Network Configuration - Add network elements - Change parameters ACP Basic Predictions (Best Server, Signal Level) Automatic or Manual Neighbour Allocation Automatic or Manual Frequency Planning Automatic or Manual Physical Cell ID Planning Traffic Maps And/or Subscriber Lists Monte-Carlo Simulations Cell Load Conditions User-defined Values Frequency Plan Analysis Signal Quality and Throughput Predictions Prediction Study Reports Slide 7 of 82
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Slide 8 of 82
2. Modelling a LTE Network Global Settings Frequency Band definition Frame Structure Settings Radio Parameters Site Transmitters Cells Equipment Parameters User-definable reception characteristics Slide 9 of 82
Global Settings (1/2) Frequency Bands Atoll can model multi-band networks within the same document TDD (Time Division Duplexing) or FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing) One frequency band assigned to each cell Slide 10 of 82
Global Settings (2/2) LTE Frame Structure definition Normal (default) or extended cyclic prefix (No. of SD per slot) e.g.: at 15 khz, 7 SD/slot (normal) or 6 SD/slot (extended) Number of SD for PDCCH (0,1,2 or 3) carrying DL and UL Resource allocation information Average number of resource blocks for PUCCH System-level constants (Hard-coded) Width of a resource block (180 khz) Frame duration (10 ms) TDD option only : Switch from DL to UL every half frame (default) or every frame Other control channel overheads defined by 3GPP (calculated based on 3GPP specs) Reference signals, PSS, SSS, PBCH, etc. Slide 11 of 82
Radio Parameters Overview Site X (longitude) and Y (latitude) Transmitters Activity Antenna configuration (model, height, azimuth, mechanical & electrical tilts...) UL & DL Losses / UL Noise Figure Propagation (Model, Radius and resolution) Presented in General Features Cells Frequency Band & Channel PCI Power definition Min RSRP UL & DL Load Diversity Support Neighbours Slide 12 of 82
Transmitter Parameters Antenna Configuration and Losses parameters Cells parameters (see next slide) Propagation settings DL and UL total losses, UL noise figure Antenna Configuration Slide 13 of 82
Cell Parameters Cell s frequency band Cell activity Physical Cell ID + resulting PSS/SSS (and allocation status) Channel number in the frequency band (and allocation status) Power and energy offsets from computed reference signal Min RSRP used as cell coverage limit Load Conditions DL traffic load UL noise rise due to surrounding mobiles MIMO Configuration Inputs of the neighbour allocation algorithm ICIC and Fractional Power Control Parameters (Advanced) Neighbour list Slide 14 of 82
Equipment Parameters (1/2) Bearers (Modulation and Coding Schemes) definition User-definable bearer efficiencies (useful bits per resource element) Bearer selection thresholds for link adaptation Quality indicator graphs BLER used to model the effect of errors in data reception Slide 15 of 82
Equipment Parameters (2/2) Multiple Input Multiple Output Systems Diversity and SU-MIMO gains Definable per bearer and antenna configuration Depend on the clutter class where users are located MU-MIMO gain Definable per cell or Calculated during Monte Carlo simulations using intelligent multi-user scheduling on two antenna ports (Layered Space-time Scheduling) Slide 16 of 82
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Slide 17 of 82
3. LTE Predictions Introduction Parameters used in Predictions Prediction Settings Fast Link Adaptation Modelling Coverage Prediction Examples Point Analysis Studies Slide 18 of 82
Introduction Coverage Predictions General Studies based on Downlink Reference Signal Levels Best server plot based on downlink reference signal levels Multiple server coverage based on downlink reference signal levels Reference signal level plots Reference signal CNR plots RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots LTE UL and DL Specific Studies SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH Signal Level Plots SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CNR Plots Quality Studies (RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality, Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots, UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best Bearer and Modulation Plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR Levels Throughput and Cell Capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Channel Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Throughputs averaged per User Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Cell Capacities Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Aggregate Cell Throughputs Peak RLC, Effective RLC, and Application Allocated Bandwidth Throughputs (UL) Point Predictions Slide 19 of 82
Introduction Principles of the studies based on traffic Study calculated for Given load conditions UL noise rise DL traffic load A non-interfering user with A service A mobility A terminal type (in case of a directive antenna, it is oriented towards the serving cell) Slide 20 of 82
Load Conditions Load conditions are defined in the cells table Values taken into consideration in predictions for each cell Slide 21 of 82
Service Properties Parameters used in predictions Highest bearers in UL and DL Body loss Application throughput parameters Slide 22 of 82
Mobility Properties Parameters used in Predictions Mapping between mobilities and thresholds in bearer and quality indicator determination (as radio conditions depend on user speed). Slide 23 of 82
Terminal Properties Min & Max Power + Noise Figure + Losses Support of MIMO Parameters used in Predictions Minimum & Maximum terminal power Gain and losses Noise figure Antenna settings (incl. MIMO support) Number of Antenna ports in UL and DL in case of MIMO support Slide 24 of 82
Prediction Settings Coverage Prediction Plots Standard predictions Best server plot Coverage by signal level Multiple server coverage Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH signal level and quality predictions Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) Reference signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH CNR plots RSRP (Average Reference Signal Level Received Power per Subcarrier) plots Slide 25 of 82
Prediction Settings Coverage Prediction Plots CINR, Throughput and Quality Indicator predictions Based on user-defined cell loads or on Monte-Carlo simulation results Selection of a mobility, a service, a terminal (possibly directional antenna oriented towards the serving cell) RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator and RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality Reference Signal, SS, PDSCH, PBCH, PDCCH and PUSCH/PUCCH CINR and interference plots UL Allocated Bandwidth, UL Transmission Power) Best bearer plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Throughput and cell capacity per pixel plots based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application channel throughputs Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application throughputs averaged per user Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application cell capacities Peak RLC, effective RLC, and application aggregate cell throughputs Slide 26 of 82
Fast Link Adaptation Modelling Atoll determines, on each pixel, the highest bearer that each user can obtain No soft handover Connection to the best server in term of reference signal level (C) Bearer chosen according to the radio conditions (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels) Process : prediction done via look-up tables Reference Signal Level (C) evaluation Throughput & Quality Indicator (BER and BLER) predictions Best Server Area determination (min RSRP) Radio Conditions estimation (PDSCH and PUSCH CINR calculation) Bearer Selection Slide 27 of 82
Interference Estimation Atoll calculates PDSCH and PUSCH CINR according to: The victim traffic (PUSCH or PDSCH) power The interfering signals impacted by: The interferers powers The path loss from the interferers to the victim Antenna gain Losses from interferers (incl. Shadowing effect and indoor losses) The interference reduction factor applied to interfering base stations transmitting on adjacent channels (adjacent channel suppression factor) The interference reduction factor due to interfering base stations traffic load The interference reduction due to Fractional Frequency Reuse (and consequently the mutual overlap between the channel fractions of the victim and the interfering base stations) Slide 28 of 82
Prediction Examples (General Studies) Number of servers (Based on reference signal power) Coverage by signal level (Based on reference signal power) Slide 29 of 82
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies) Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna) Coverage by PDSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna) Slide 30 of 82
Prediction Examples (Dedicated Studies) Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Directional receiver antenna) Coverage by PUSCH CINR (Isotropic receiver antenna) Slide 31 of 82
Point Analysis Tool: Reception Radio Reception Diagnosis at a Given Point : Reception Analysis Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP) Reference Signals, PDSCH and PUSCH availability (or not) Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not Cell bar graphs (best server at the top) Analysis detail on reference signals, PDSCH and PUSCH Slide 32 of 82
Point Analysis Tool: Interference Radio Interference Diagnosis at a Given Point : Interference Analysis Choice of UL&DL load conditions : if (Cells Table) is selected Analysis based on DL load and UL noise rise from cells table Selection of the value to be displayed (RS, SS, PDSCH, RSRP) Serving Cell (C) Total Level of Interference (I + N) Definition of a userdefinable probe" receiver, indoor or not List of Interfering Cells Slide 33 of 82
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Slide 34 of 82
4. Frequency Plan Analysis Channel and Physical Cell ID Search Tools Physical Cell ID Allocation Audit Physical Cell ID Histograms Slide 35 of 82
Search Tool Overview Tool to visualise channel and PSS ID reuse on the map Possibility to find cells which are assigned a given : Frequency band + channel Physical Cell ID PSS ID SSS ID Way to use this tool Create and calculate a coverage by transmitter with a colour display by transmitter Open the Find on Map tool available in the Edit menu (or directly in the toolbar ) Slide 36 of 82
Channel Search Tool Channel Reuse on the Map Resource Selection Frequency band and Channel number Colours given to transmitters Red: co-channel transmitters Yellow: multi-adjacent channel (-1 and +1) transmitters Green: adjacent channel (-1) transmitters Blue: adjacent channel (+1) transmitters Grey thin line: other transmitters Slide 37 of 82
Physical Cell ID Search Tool Physical Cell ID, PSS ID and SSS ID Reuse on the Map Resource Selection Resource Type and Value Colours given to transmitters Red or Grey thin line: if the transmitters carries or not the specified resource value (Physical Cell ID, PSS ID or SSS ID) Slide 38 of 82
PCI Allocation Audit (1/2) Verification of the allocation inconsistencies Respect of a minimum reuse distance Respect of neighbourhood constraints (two neighbour cells must have different PCI) Respect of SSS ID allocation strategy Slide 39 of 82
PCI Allocation Audit (2/2) Audit results Inconsistencies are displayed in the default text editor The minimum distance constraint is fulfilled Cells BRU010_L1 & BRU116_L2 are Neighbour cells but have been allocated the same PCI These 13 sites do not fulfil the SSS ID allocation strategy: on each site, allocated PCI do not have the same SSS ID Slide 40 of 82
Physical Cell ID Histograms View of the Physical Cell ID Distribution Dynamic pointer Slide 41 of 82
Training Programme 1. LTE Planning Overview 2. Modelling a LTE Network 3. LTE Predictions 4. Frequency and PCI Plan Analysis 5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Slide 42 of 82
5. Monte-Carlo Based Simulations Traffic modelling Monte Carlo Simulations Slide 43 of 82
Traffic Modelling (1/2) Traffic Data Traffic maps and subscriber lists Various types of traffic maps: Raster traffic maps Vector traffic maps Live traffic maps Traffic density maps Subscribers Live Traffic Data Vector Traffic Data Raster Traffic Data 44
Traffic Modelling (2/2) Subscriber Lists Lists of subscribers with fixed locations and specific parameters Can be created using the mouse or imported from txt and csv files Can be displayed on the map according to different parameters Main parameters: Location: X and Y coordinates Antenna height Azimuth and tilt (user-defined or calculated) Serving cell (user-defined or calculated) User profile Terminal type Prediction calculations can be carried out on subscribers (points) Predicted results include reception levels, CINR, throughputs, etc. 45
Monte Carlo Simulations (1/3) Monte Carlo Simulations For studying network capacity Network behaviour under given traffic Can be based on traffic data from traffic maps and subscriber lists Distribution of mobile users and services Calculation of user parameters (CINR, power control, noise rise, resource allocation, etc.) Scheduling and radio resource allocation based on service priorities and scheduling methods: Proportional Fair Proportional Demand Max Aggregate Throughput 46
Monte Carlo Simulations (2/3) Simulation Results For each cell UL and DL traffic loads UL noise rise UL and DL aggregate cell throughputs Traffic input and connection statistics For each mobile Serving transmitter and cell Azimuth and tilt (towards the serving cell) Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH signal levels Reference signal, SCH/PBCH, PDSCH, and PUSCH CINR and interference levels Best bearers based on PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Cell throughputs, cell capacities, and user throughputs PDSCH and PUSCH CINR levels Connection status and rejection cause 47
Monte Carlo Simulations (3/3) Simulation Results Display 48
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