AIR SYSTEMS Air Traffic Control RCMS ADS B Ground Station and RCMS Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast This document and the information disclosed herein are proprietary data of Thales Air Systems. Neither this document nor the information contained herein shall be reproduced, used or disclosed to others without the written authorization of Thales Air Systems. Ed. 07.10 ge http://www.thalesgroup.com
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ADS B 1.1 GENERAL ADS B is a data link application or principle that makes use of navigational data that are available onboard an aircraft. Aircraft avionics permanently determines the aircraft s navigational position and movement vector. Most air transport aircraft are also equipped with a flight management system that guides the aircraft along waypoints programmed by the pilot. The principle of ADS B refers to making this information available by means of an automatic broadcast via digital data link. ADS B is an acronym for Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast: Automatic no human intervention required Dependent the surveillance solution is not determined by the observer, but provided by the observed object Surveillance data provided include position, velocity vector etc. Broadcast transmitted without external trigger (e.g. interrogation) without any specific addressee Aircraft, MODE S data CHAPTER 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION System Description The broadcast information may be received and processed by other aircraft or ground systems for use in improved situational awareness, conflict avoidance and airspace management. Three ADS B data link technologies are emerging as possible contenders namely, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT), VHF Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 and 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (Mode S data link). The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has recommended to use the 1090 MHz (Mode S) data link as global data link technology for ADS B purposes. The other two data links are seen only for regional applications. Fig. 1 1 shows the system and its components in an example view. ADS B offers other advantages such as more frequent update rates and the potential to convey aircraft derived data such as aircraft intent and avionics data. Fig. 1 2 shows the system and its components in an example configuration for Air to Ground applications. GPS Satellites 1090 ES SIS GPS SIS ADS B RX GPS RX Ground Network Ground Station Data ADS B operational data Maintenance data ATC RCMS 1 RCMS 2 ATC optional ADS B LAN A ADS B LAN B ADS B LAN A ADS B LAN B ATC Center ATC Center Fig. 1 1 System overview ADS B configuration, example Ed. 07.10 1 1
System Description The ADS B system serves the following benefits: Reduced Communication Congestion Enhanced Situational Awareness and Safety for Pilots Reduced Taxi/Takeoff Delays Expanded Surveillance, also on airport surface Reduced Cost There are three kinds of ADS B applications defined as follows: Air to Air Applications Receiving the ADS B data, the pilot is enabled to actually see other aircraft in his vicinity. This Cockpit Display of Traffic Information (CDTI) is the basic technology which will enable the pilot to electronically "see and avoid" other aircraft in a largely passive mode. Independent of ground based radar CDTI will greatly enhance pilot situational awareness and lead to safer and more efficient airspace operations. ADS B techniques can also enhance traffic collision avoidance systems in the future. Air to Ground Applications ADS B is able to provide surveillance data to Air traffic Controllers and or aircraft operations ADS B facilities on the ground. An aircraft in flight broadcasts its position, altitude, identification, and other pertinent information to ground stations that relay this data to Air Traffic Control or aircraft operations facilities. This information is used to effectively establish surveillance in remote locations or extend or even replace current surveillance capabilities. Air to Ground ADS B can greatly assist controllers and aircraft operations facilities with airspace management. Ground to Ground Applications ADS B provides accurate position and identification of aircraft and other equipped vehicles for airport surface surveillance. Aircraft and vehicles, if suitably equipped, broadcast information containing position, speed, heading and identification to ground stations located around the airport. This information is relayed to air traffic controllers and airport management facilities personnel. Airport surface surveillance enhanced through the ADS B Data Link application will lead to safer and more efficient airport surface operations in all weather conditions. Example Data Sources Aircraft ADS B Ground station ATC room FMS GPS GPS INS NAV Altitude Pilot Input Message Generator Transmitter Mode S Receiver Message Processor ATC applications Enroute Surveillance A SMGCS Example Applications Situation Awareness Free Flight Message Processor Receiver Application n ASAS Aircraft ADS B Avionics ADS B Avionics Mode S Fig. 1 2 ADS B interaction with aircraft and ATC 1 2 Ed. 07.10
ADS B System Description 1.2 SYSTEM COMPONENTS A complete ADS B system consists of three main subsystems: SPU This is the basic subsystem to be installed at remote sites as ground station. It will be completed by peripheral equipment such as antennas, UPS etc. Additionally, individual configured system versions are available, implemented in an optional 19" cabinet. RCMS The centralized Remote Control and Monitoring System (RCMS), to monitor, configure and control the ADS B Ground Station. Maintenance equipment LCMS (Local Control and Monitoring System: Laptop), extender card and a set of spare parts Usually two ADS B ground station subsystems (GS A and GS B) are installed at one remote site. The subsystems are supplied by either standard mains voltage (100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz) or/ and optional DC voltage (nominal 24 VDC). The DC voltage may be generated by solar powered DC generators. The SPU builds the basic equipment for a system to be integrated in an existing environment. A simple ground station configuration comprises the following components (Fig. 1 3): Signal Processing Unit ( SPU); can be individually configured with optional components, e.g. a GPS board or a second receiver board. ADS B RX antenna, diverse model options Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), diverse configurations, optional GPS RX antenna, optional Cables and accessories The ground station is also available as configured system that is assembled in various 19" cabinet options. Fig. 1 4 and 1 5 show examples of available ground station configurations. Some options can be added according to customer requirements, e.g.: Uninterruptable Power Supply system (UPS) which buffers the operation of the GS in case of a mains power fail, used e.g. in the already configured systems. An independent test transmitter device within the SPU offers radiation of test signals via the integrated antenna probes of the RX antenna. It thus allows testing of the antenna continuity monitoring. The Remote Control and Monitoring System (or optionally two, RCMS 1 and 2) is installed centrally at the Air Traffic Controller building (ATC) at one or two dedicated sites. SPU GPS antenna (optional) Test Transmision (option) RF Rx Ground Station A ADS B receiving antenna RX A RX B Ground Station B (option) RCMS Configuration (remote) local connect. to GS (option) LCMS Power supply (mains or DC) ETH network, external AAU (option) LAN Fig. 1 3 ADS B equipment overview, example configuration Ed. 07.10 1 3
System Description The RCMS system(s) are built up with identical components which comprise as standard: Personal Computer with dual TFT LCD monitor; operating system: Linux Application Software including: Monitoring and Control System (MCS) Technical Situation Display (TSD) Multiple network interfaces ADS B Ground Station THALES Exchange Panel ADS B Raw data recording/replay tool, Asterix data recording/replay and conversion tool ADS B Technical Situation Display with a Display Configuration tool The Local Control and Monitoring System (LCMS) is used for local operation and/or local maintenance purposes. It comprises a standard Laptop computer used as a data terminal including the appropriate application software. RF TestTx RF Rx ADS B RX antenna local connect. to GS LCMS (option) RCMS Configuration (remote) SPU ETH internal ETH network external GPS antenna UPS (internal battery pack) 19" cabinet, 10HU SNMP AC mains LAN AAU (option) ADS B Ground Station THALES RF TestTx1 RF Rx Exchange Panel Splitter RF TestTx1 ADS B RX antenna RF Rx SPU2 ETH network external RF TestTx2 RF Rx GPS antenna1 RF TestTx2 AAU (option) local connect. to GS LCMS (option) RCMS Configuration (remote) SPU1 ETH network external ETH internal Hub/Data Switch GPS antenna2 SNMP UPS2 LAN Battery pack 2 ETH internal SNMP AC mains UPS1 Battery pack 1 19" cabinet, 24HU Fig. 1 4 ADS B system configuration examples with in 19" cabinets 10HU or 24HU 1 4 Ed. 07.10
ADS B System Description 19" cabinet, 10HU, assembled front door open front door 19" cabinet, 10HU, mounted to a wall closed free to guide cables AS 680 SPU blank panel free to guide cables UPS, basic unit (incl. battery pack) Sockets, spare 19" cabinet, 24HU, assembled front door open front door blank panel free to guide cables SPU 1 blank panel free to guide cables SPU 2 Drawer, key locked area for opt. hub or modem etc. free to guide cables UPS, basic unit 1 (excl. battery pack) UPS, battery pack 1 UPS, basic unit 2 (excl. battery pack) 8 fold sockets UPS, battery pack 2 Sockets, spare blank panel Intrusion sensor, front Fig. 1 5 ADS B configuration, assembled in 19" cabinets (10HU, 24HU), example Ed. 07.10 1 5
System Description ADS B 1 6 Ed. 07.10
ADS B System Description 1.3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 1.3.1 Dimensions and Weight Ground Station equipment: SPU (HxWxD); weight 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kg Configured system versions (optional): Small indoor cabinet; HxWxD; weight 19", 10HU; 600 x 600 x 600 mm; approx. 90 kg SPU, HxWxD; weight (1x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kg UPS, RT1000, HxWxD; weight (1x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 17.5 kg Medium indoor cabinet, HxWxD; weight 19", 24HU; 1200 x 600 x 600 mm; approx. 150 kg SPU, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 482* x 250 mm; approx. 7.1 kg UPS, RT2000, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 6.6 kg UPS, battery pack, HxWxD; weight (2x) 19", 2HU; 87 x 440** x 400 mm; approx. 20.5 kg Medium outdoor cabinet option, HxWxD; weight 19", 24HU; 1530 x 730 x 870 mm; approx. 220 kg * inclusive angle brackets ** exclusive angle brackets 1.3.2 Peripheral Equipment ADS B RX antenna options: Omnidirect. Kathrein, 11.5 dbi, H, ; weight max. 3420 mm, 60 mm; approx. 26 kg max. Omnidirectional FAN96, 9 dbi, H, ; weight max. 2700 mm, 60 mm; approx. 24 kg max. Omnidirectional AAN186, 6 dbi, H, ; weight max. 1640 mm, 90 mm; approx. 10 kg max. Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), HxWxD; weight 280 x 180 x 105 mm; approx. 4 kg AAU support and cover, HxWxD; weight 300 x 255 x 220 mm; approx. 5 kg GPS antenna (option), (HxW); weight (2x) 60 x 100 mm; approx. 0.3 kg 1.3.3 Power Supply SPU: AC voltage input (AC/DC converter) nom. 115/240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC), 47/63 Hz, single phase Power consumption AC typ. 100 VA, max. 250 VA DC voltage input (DC/DC option) nom. 24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC) Power consumption DC typ. 85 VA, max. 200 VA UPS types (option) RT1000 or RT2000 with 1 battery pack AC voltage input (rated) 230 VAC (186 to 288 VAC), 50 Hz, single phase max. Current input 3.8 A (RT1000) or 7.8 A (RT2000) AC voltage output 220 VAC (std.), 230/240 VAC (configurable) / 50 Hz effective Power rating approx. 700 W (RT1000) or 1400 W (RT2000) Batteries (internal or battery pack) 3x 12 V, 7.2 Ah (RT1000), 6x 12 V, 7.2 Ah (RT2000) Typical battery time (battery mode) in [min] standard (intern. battery): 17/6 (50 % / 100 % load) Typical battery time (battery mode) in [min] 1 battery pack: 18/6 (50 % / 100 % load) Ground Station 19" cabinets (no device assembled): AC voltage input 100 to 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, single phase Connecting power indoor cabinet approx. 490 VA (heating and ventilation) Connecting power outdoor cabinet nom. 590 W (a/c), max. 1000 W (heating) 1.3.4 Environmental Conditions Ambient temperature Operation indoor (SPU, UPS) +10 to +40 C Operation outdoor equipment (antennas) 40 to +70 C Transport / Storage (UPS) 55 to +70 C / UPS: 25 to +55 C Ed. 07.10 1 1
System Description ADS B Relative humidity indoor max. 90 %, non condensing outdoor max. 95 % ( 10...39 C); max. 50 % ( 40...70 C) non operation and transport up to 100 % with condensation Max. wind velocity optional antennas Antenna Kathrein (11.5 dbi) max. 130 km/h Antenna FAN96 (9 dbi) max. 150 km/h Antenna AAN186 (6 dbi) max. 180 km/h 1.3.5 System Data Ground Station ADS B System basic ADS B System option Receiving signals Coverage range (within a line of sight) Capacity (GS) Communication interface Report generation 1.3.6 Interfaces Ground station built by 1 SPU, coupled to ADS B LAN, UPS option Ground station with redundant equipment, built by 2 SPU, coupled to ADS B LAN, UPS option 1090 ES ADS B, GPS L1 band 1575.42 MHz up to 250 NM at flight level > 300, omnidirectional > 250 targets UP/IP, SNMP on UDP/IP, SSH, SCP on TCP/IP ASTERIX CAT 21 reports (ADS B), ASTERIX CAT 23 (status) and Thales Raw Data SPU RF input receive interface (RX signal) SMA, female RF input receive interface (GPS signal) SMA, female (with PTM option) Test Transmitter interface (RF signal) SMA, female Data interface connector: */** Network RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base T (rear, NET1, 2) Auxiliary RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base T (front, ETH2) Mainten. RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base T (front, ETH1) Program. Serial, V.24, MicroSubD, 9pin, female (front) BITE (GS1 GS2 status exchange) */** RJ12, 6/6 I/O Status Interface (e.g. ext. equipment) */** SubD, 15pin, male (three row) TX control digital (AN1030/1090)*/**not used SubD, 15pin, female (three row) TX Control (1090) */** not applicable SubD, 25pin, female (SPU rear) TX Control (UAT) */** not applicable SubD, 25pin, female (SPU rear) UPS (optional via SNMP board CS121) */** Data interface connector RJ45, 8/8, Ethernet 10/100Base T (COM1) Data interface connector (sensors etc.) Mini Din, 8pin (COM2) Auxiliary signalling contacts RJ11, 6/6 (AUX), 4 configurable Input/Output * according IEC60950 ** SELV circuit (Safety Extra Low Voltage) 1.3.7 Conformity and Licensing Approval The ground station SPU is compliant to ICAO Annex 10 and to current European Regulations for human health (low voltage directive) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). It complies with the requirements of EC Guideline 89/336/EEC in its implementation. It also fulfills the requirements of the following EMC Guidelines: Emission Test: EN 55022 (1998); EN 61000 3 2 (1995); EN 61000 3 3 (1995) Immunity Tests: EN 55024 (1998); (EN 61000 4 2 (1995); EN 61000 4 11 (1994)) 1 2 Ed. 07.10
ADS B CHAPTER 2 SYSTEM AND SUBSYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2.1 ADS B GROUND STATION The ADS B subsystem SPU developed by Thales is a compact and autonomous unit based on 1090 MHz Extended Squitter (ES) reception. The main function of the SPU is to receive and process ADS Broadcasts on 1090 MHz, and to directly output decoded consistent target report data to an ATC application using the international ASTERIX standard category 21 (ed. 0.23). Further central equipment is not needed. In order to output complete AS- TERIX reports, data from different ADS B reports (extended squitter messages) of the same target are collected (e.g. position, velocity, etc.). The ground station processing makes sure that data derived from different extended squitter types are combined in a consistent way. The SPU includes internal and external Built In Test (BIT) functionality, which allows optimizing the automatic and manual failure detection and identification process. The status as well as all functions and parameters of the ground station can be monitored and controlled via the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). The Ground Station application software runs on an embedded version of the operating system Linux providing high robustness and flexibility for network communication and remote operation. Changes in, or updates of the application can be performed while the Ground Signal Processing Unit (SPU) Subsystem Description Station is operational and do not require a reboot. Thus the system downtime is minimized. Remote upload of new software releases as well as configuration files is handled in a secured and fail safe way which is essential for true remote operation. For remote operation, i.e. not integrated within an existing ATC network, the ground station can be optionally extended with a modem to bridge its external Ethernet interface over a telecommunication line (e.g. ISDN, Fibre Optical Network, etc.); standard is an Eth. LAN communication. The Remote Control and Monitoring Systems (RCMS) may be installed centrally at the Air Traffic Controller building (ATC) at dedicated sites. The ground station equipment can be supplied both with DC voltage (nom. 24 VDC), e.g. generated by Solar power, or with AC from mains (nom. 115/240 VAC). The installation of the Ground Station equipment depends on the local customer requirements or facilities. Existing buildings or shelters can be used for ground station siting. The ground station antenna can be mounted on top of or on the side of the existing structure. The indoor ground station does not require separate air conditioning, only ventilation. For those ground station sites not located near a building structure, an outdoor cabinet with appropriate air conditioning is optionally available. 19" rack high gain antenna RX GPS antenna LCMS Local Monitoring ADS B communication network station supply RCMS ATC room communication network Ethernet to connector NET1, rear Test transmission (optional) RF in RF in RF out mains supply, external RF cable, 1/4" cellflex, up to 10 m RF cable, 1/2" cellflex, up to 30 m AAU (opt.) up to 2 m Fig. 2 1 Ground Station, basic system components (example) Ed. 07.10 2 1
Subsystem Description 2.1.1 Physical Breakdown The hardware architecture of a serviceable ground station is shown in Fig. 2 2. This exemplary configuration includes an SPU) 2.1.2 External Interfaces The Ground Station (GS) has the following RF and analog signal interfaces: 1090 MHz RF input (antenna/receiver), DC supply to antenna amplifier selectable GPS signal RF input (antenna/receiver), DC supply to antenna amplifier selectable Test transmission output to test the multi lateration and ADS B performance (antenna continuity) TX control, a telegram generator output to drive a Mode S and Mode A/C interrogator TX Spare TX control connectors (rear), not used The GS communication interfaces are: Ethernet 10/100Base T data link (NET1, NET2) for communication to the ADS B network or to opt. equipment, e.g. NET2 to UPS RX antenna ADS B with an omnidirectional VHF RX antenna with optional Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU), the GPS antenna (option) and a UPS option independent Ethernet 10/100Base T, e.g. for maintenance purposes (ETH1/MAINT) auxiliary Ethernet 10/100Base T (ETH2) console port V.24 (MicroSubD) for local setup Other interfaces are: a BITE I/O to accommodate BITE status summary from e.g. another (redundant) ground station a digital Status interface (I/O) to connect optionally BITE status of other systems, door lock switches, smoke detectors, etc. NOTE: The I/O port of the SPU/SPB3 board has only operational insulation and must only connect to Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) as defined in IEC 60950. Connecting other than SELV circuits can create hazards. AAU* option Communication network to ATC center/cps/rcms operational data (Asterix Category 021) maintenance data (SNMP) GPS RX antenna Exchange panel (option) N RF N RJ45 Data N RF Ground Station Test signal to probe (option) SMA Receiver Section Test transmitter NET1 NET2 Interface TX control SPB3 SMA Position and Time System PTM SPU optional Signal Processing Computing/Control Network ETH Interfaces option to NET2 Data (SNMP) Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS optional TTout Test transmission Interfaces (front) TX control out digital BITE status MAINT CONSOLE I/O Status Interface Ethernet door lock switches etc. ETH ** TX control TX control rear (1090) rear (UAT) local configuration interface (V.24) Bus board Power Supply DC/DC option* DC out Power Supply Fuses: AC/DC F = 2x 3.2AT AC F = 2x 10AT DC F local maintenance interface (Ethernet) S1 LCMS Maintenance Laptop F mains supply * DC/DC converter can be used instead of AC/DC converter or both ** spare, not used mains via UPS nom. 115/240 VAC (90 to 264 VAC) or nom. 24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC), option Fig. 2 2 Ground station, basic architecture with optional Position/Time module 2 2 Ed. 07.10
ADS B Subsystem Description 2.2 SIGNAL PROCESSING UNIT (SPU) See Fig. 2 2 to 2 5. The Signal Processing Unit (SPU) is housed in a 2HU, 19" subrack, which also provides the power supply (AC or/and DC) and a ventilation/ fan unit for the housing. The SPU is based around a System Bus (S Bus). Except the ETH connectors which are on a small board together with the fan control, the rear mounted connectors are connected to the internal bus board via cables. The SPU bus board accommodates three double Euroform printed circuit boards (PCB), or two double and two single Euroform PCBs in the lower section. As the ground station equipment is intended to be installed at remote sites with power and space constraints, considerable importance was attached to find a solution that combines the best performance at lowest possible power consumption and size, ready for integration into existing racks. The SPU comprises the following main subassemblies: Signal Processing Board (SPB3) Power supply, AC/DC and/or DC/DC (option) Fan unit with dust filter GPS Position and Timing Module (PTM), optional As default, it includes one single SPB3 board which integrates a receiver section, a signal processing section, the processor control section and various interfaces to external. Received RF signals are converted into video signals by the logarithmic receiver, and analyzed by the signal processing section in order to reliably detect Mode S signals. The decoded data are collected and further processed by the application software of the SPB board. The information flow as well as the various intermediated states of processing that a ground station provides and the diagnostic interface are shown in Fig. 2 5. The optional position and timing system provides a positive system time reference to support the SPB s real time clock. It also provides additional information about the GPS status, like position, dilution of precision, number and identity of satellites visible and optionally also GPS integrity information in the same way as an ADS B target (RAIM / HPL). The ground station constantly verifies the GPS health by checking the deviation of the measured GPS position and comparing it with the configured ground station s position. As standard, the SPU is equipped with an AC/DC converter which is to be supplied with nominal 230 VAC (90 to 264 VAC, 47 to 63 Hz). The power consumption is typ. 100 VA. A DC/DC converter is optionally available which is supplied with nominal +24 VDC (18 to 36 VDC) from an external source. The electronic subassemblies are cooled by a built in removable fan unit, located at the inner left side, accessible from the front. Both power supply facilities can be built in together. With the AC mains supply, a mains switch at the rear is used to switch off the GS. With the DC supply, switch off can only be done from the external source. front view, left side front view, right side Connector panel, rear Air Inlet, Fan, dust filter Air outlet, Power supply Fig. 2 3 SPU, perspective view Ed. 07.10 2 3
Subsystem Description ADS B 19" 2HU housing, basic version with parted lower section for two small sized modules Air Inlet, dust filter Location of Power Supply (DC/DC)* Air outlet * optional Fan unit SPB3 Spare PTM* Power Supply (AC/DC) AC input Mains switch Fuse AC PE DC input Fuse DC Communication network 2x T3.2A 2x T10A Main Ethernet port Spare TX control, not used PE=Protective Earth Fig. 2 4 SPU 19" subrack, front and rear view RX/TX antenna GPS antenna optional optional RF signal GPS signal Mode S/A/C RX signal PTM through antenna probe SPU GPS data Position and Time Video signal Main SNMP through comm. network to processing section Network NET1 or NET2 Remote access (SNMP) RF signal out Test transmission RF ETH2 Maint programming through Ethernet interf. (aux.) through Ethernet interface through V.24 serial interface RF signal SBP3 Maintenance LCMS * for GS RC or GS RI RCMS Fig. 2 5 Signal information flow of an ADS B ground station (example) 2 4 Ed. 07.10
ADS B 2.3 OPTIONAL EQUIPMENT 2.3.1 Uninterruptible Power Supply See Fig. 2 6. The ground station family can be equipped with an additional rack mounted Uninterruptible Power Supply module (UPS, type Xanto RT1000 with internal battery pack or Xanto RT2000 with external battery pack), dedicated to an SPU. This is provided in ground station systems built in a 19" cabinet 10HU with one UPS base control unit, or built in a 19" cabinet 24HU with two Subsystem Description independent UPS base control units with battery pack, dedicated to one SPU each, if two AX 680 are built in. The UPS is used to supply the individual Ground Station in case of a power supply failure. An additional SNMP support card (DW5SNMP30) is available so that UPS parameters like battery loading status, timeout configuration, voltages, alarms, etc. are available via SNMP. It is connected to the correspondent input (e.g. ETH2) of the SPU in order to provide network connectivity. Control Unit Air Inlet On and OFF button Operating Panel with LED UPS RT1000 UPS RT2000 19" mounting angle Battery Pack UPS RT2000 only front view UPS RT1000 rear view COM2, optional use for temp. sensor device AUX, optional in/output facilities Air outlet, fan Breaker (250V/12A) additional SNMP board and network connector Control unit RT1000 incl. battery Mains out Mains in UPS RT2000 rear view COM2, optional use for temp. sensor device AUX, optional in/output facilities Breaker (250V/12A) additional SNMP board and network connector Battery Pack (for RT2000) Control unit RT2000 rear view Air outlet, fans Mains out Interconnection to battery pack Mains in Battery Pack 6x12V / 7.2AH Interconnection to control unit, Input/Output Fig. 2 6 Ed. 07.10 Uninterruptible Power Supply, base control unit and battery pack (with RT2000 only) 2 5
Subsystem Description ADS B 2.3.2 19" Cabinet Options 24HU and 10HU Four options of 19" cabinets are available to configure and assemble the components of an ground station. The cabinets are pre assembled and comprises a.o. guide rails, power supply cables, sockets, ventilation, temperature and intrusion sensors. The outdoor option comprises an air conditioner device. The front doors are lockable by key. Standard cabinet, medium 19" 24HU (floor mount), closed 19" cabinet, 24HU, front door open 19" 24HU (floor mount) Low cost cabinet, medium, option front door closed 19" cabinet, outdoor, option front door open Standard cabinet small 19" 10HU (wall mount) Fig. 2 7 Available 19" cabinet options Ventilation and Air Conditioner Base 2 6 Ed. 07.10
ADS B Subsystem Description 2.4 PERIPHERAL EQUIPMENT 2.4.1 Omnidirectional Antenna and Antenna Amplifier Unit (AAU) The ADS B RX antenna is derived from a well proven world wide deployed DME antenna. It consists of a number of identical, decoupled half wave dipoles and phase feeding cables and transformers. Its gain is about 11.5 dbi. The high gain of this antenna is achieved by a vertically focussed diagram that is elevated by an uptilt of approx. 2. It is important that the antenna is mounted to an exact upright position so ADS B RX antenna 11.5 dbi (Kathrein) and 9 dbi (FAN96) bottom view, connectors RF out RF test in (GS1) RF test in (GS2) ANTENNA connector N N N that the main lobe remains close to the horizon in all directions. Also other ADS B RX antennas are optionally available with a gain of about 6 dbi or 9 dbi. The AAU has a gain of approx. 15 db and a noise figure below 0.7 db. It is DC powered via the RF output cable by the GS. The AAU contains a passive lightning protector stub and a 1090 MHz band pass filter. Radiation pattern (at mid band) Radome cover M1 M2 mounting clamp OL power supply for obstruction lights not used ADS B RX antenna 6 dbi (AAN186) Horizontal pattern Vertical pattern N N Radome cover P1 RF P2 ANTENNA connector Vertical pattern AAU Fig. 2 8 Omnidirectional antenna and AAU with mounting support 2.4.2 GPS Antenna The GPS antenna is a receiving antenna for the L1 band (1572.42 MHz). It receives the SIS signals from the up to 24 satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS). The Antenna supplies the GTS DG14 receiver within the SPU. The GPS antenna is an active unit which is supplied with +5 VDC by the antenna RF cable. The antenna is mounted to an adapter. A mounting tube is optional available for elongation of the adapter pedestal and easier fixing to an appropriate support. Fig. 2 9 Antenna Adapter Mounting tube GPS antenna (example) Ed. 07.10 2 7
Subsystem Description ADS B 2 8 Ed. 07.10
ADS B Subsystem Description 2.5 REMOTE/LOCAL CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEM (RCMS/LCMS) See Figs. 2 10 to. The RCMS functionality is hosted on a standard PC platform (Fig. 2 10) under the operating system Linux. The basic system includes the necessary software licenses as well as a suitable standard desktop PC, e.g. type HP Compaq D530, with dual 19" TFT screen output, 40 GB hard disk, DVD/CD writer, etc. The RCMS is the platform for a number of tools as illustrated in Fig. 2 11. System wide remote control and monitoring of the system hardware and software is handled by means of the simple network management protocol (SNMP), a well proven industry standard for network management. SNMP is an asynchronous query/answer protocol based on the connectionless transport protocol UDP. The controlled unit must have one or more local SNMP agents or daemons having access methods to the parameters under control. The controlling entity is also known as SNMP manager. Both the agent and the manager have the same description of controlled parameters within the so called management information base (MIB). Four transaction types are basically provided: get parameter, set parameter, get next parameter and trap, the latter can be used for event oriented signaling. Most network components and computer operating systems on the market are already equipped with SNMP agents and come with a specially adapted MIB. New components are made known to the SNMP manager by including their MIBs. The Ground Stations are monitored, configured, tested and controlled using an SNMP management program that connects to the Ground Station s SNMP agents. SNMP covers the complete configuration, operational parameters, control commands (reset, switch over, disable output, etc.) and the full BITE and status information (including such details as the individual tasks priorities of the SPB3 software). Remote monitoring and control via SNMP is possible via the ground network in the same way as locally. The SNMP access is provided on a separate logical IP port. Multiple external SNMP managers can be connected at the same line via a separate (auxiliary Ethernet interface) and/or the same physical network connection as the operational data stream (main Ethernet interface). As the SNMP implementation allows sensitive commands and actions, a role concept with specified user access levels and authentication is implemented. Notably for the remote software upload feature, a dedicated cyclic redundancy check mechanism is implemented to verify data and code integrity prior to accepting a new software from the network at the Ground Station. ADS B Ground Station Local Site LAN ATC Center Remote Site Fig. 2 10 RCMS subsystem configuration (example equipment) Ed. 07.10 2 9
Subsystem Description As illustrated in Fig. 2 11 below, the RCMS additionally provides several auxiliary tools for CD/ DVD writing, text editing, pocket calculator, logfile viewer, Screenshot Utilities, Image and PDF viewers, etc. Additionally, a Local Control and Monitoring system (LCMS) is used, built with a maintenance laptop hosting also most of the RCMS tools. The LCMS is intended for local maintenance and test activity, and recording on site. MCS GS Manager ADS B Tools TSD Ac21 ARC ARP RRC RCMS TSD Config Miscellaneous Tools RCMS Burn Nedit Calculator Capture Screen RCMS Logviewer Image Viewer PDF Viewer Terminal Fig. 2 11 RCMS subsystem tools (example) ADS B System wide remote control and monitoring of the system hardware and software is handled by means of the simple network management protocol (SNMP), a well proven industry standard for network management. SNMP is an asynchronous query/answer protocol based on the connectionless transport protocol UDP. The controlled unit must have one or more local SNMP agents or daemons having access methods to the parameters under control. The controlling entity is also known as SNMP manager. Both the agent and the manager have the same description of controlled parameters within the so called management information base (MIB). Four transaction types are basically provided: get parameter, set parameter, get next parameter and trap, the latter can be used for event oriented signaling. Most network components and computer operating systems on the market are already equipped with SNMP agents and come with a specially adapted MIB. New components are made known to the SNMP manager by including their MIBs. The Ground Stations are monitored, configured, tested and controlled using an SNMP management program that connects to the Ground Station s SNMP agents. SNMP covers the complete configuration, operational parameters, control commands (reset, switch over, disable output, etc.) and the full BITE and status information (including such details as the individual tasks priorities of the SPB3 software). Remote monitoring and control via SNMP is possible via the ground network in the same way as locally. The SNMP access is provided on a separate logical IP port. Multiple external SNMP managers can be connected at the same line via a separate (auxiliary Ethernet interface) and/or the same physical network connection as the operational data stream (main Ethernet interface). As the SNMP implementation allows sensitive commands and actions, a role concept with specified user access levels and authentication is implemented. Notably for the remote software upload feature, a dedicated cyclic redundancy check mechanism is implemented to verify data and code integrity prior to accepting a new software from the network at the Ground Station. The SNMP manager runs on a dedicated Remote Control and Monitoring System (RCMS) application called MCS, running under Linux Operating System. In addition to the SNMP manager, the RCMS integrates also logging and replay tools, and an Technical Situation Display. 2.5.1 Monitoring and Control System See Fig. 2 12. The RCMS includes the Monitoring and Control System (MCS), a dedicated SNMP manager that extends the standard MIB by a few useful add on functions based on a proprietary protocol. The main functionality of the MCS is to monitor the state of the Ground Stations and to alarm their administrator in case of a malfunction. 2 10 Ed. 07.10
ADS B Subsystem Description Titlebar Menubar Notebook page File tabs for page selection Statusbar Fig. 2 12 MCS, GS Manager: BITE Status display on RCMS (example) In addition to that, the MCS is used to inspect and change all parameters of the Ground Stations log the system state and any configuration change to a file and a log window on screen manage user roles with different access rights allow rebooting the Ground Stations remotely allow updating the Ground Station software Parameter settings, status changes and MCS user activities are time stamped and logged onto hard disk. The MCS provides a BITE status summary for the Ground Station as a whole and shows its operational state (operational, maintenance, warning, fault). Parameter accessibility is managed using a user role concept with each role having dedicated access rights (read only, read/write, or not accessible) and views. User access is secured using a password protected login procedure. 2.5.2 Technical Situation Display See Fig. 2 13. The Remote Control and Monitoring System platform is also used as a simple Technical Situation Display (TSD) to display in real time the ADS B traffic situation as acquired by a selected Ground Station. The traffic situation is presented on a full featured electronic map organized in layers representing different object types like runways, taxiways, buildings, rivers, cities, roads, boundaries, etc. Individual layers can be enabled or disabled. The Technical Situation Display allows zooming, panning, rotation, layer switching, history setting, position/ distance measurement, different symbology, etc. Targets are shown as symbol with track history and a short label attached. Targets of interest can be selected with the mouse and their detailed full ASTERIX report data items can be shown in a side panel. The Technical Situation Display accepts ASTERIX data (CAT 10, CAT 20 and CAT 21) as an input to its network port. In addition to showing live traffic from a selected Ground Station set, replayed or simulated data can be shown in the same way. They are usually marked as simulated data. The Technical Situation Display (TSD) is configured using an XML based configuration file that can be conveniently edited with a TSD Configuration tool. Ed. 07.10 2 11
Subsystem Description 2.5.3 Recording and Replay Another functionality of the RCMS is recording and replay of ASTERIX CAT10, CAT 19, CAT 20, CAT 21 and CAT 23 data and raw decoded data (i.e. telegram contents, confidence bits, time of arrival, power level, etc.) as received by the Ground Station hardware. Recorded data are stored either in readable ASCII format or as binary file in order to conserve hard disk space. ADS B While recording ASTERIX data, the tool is able to display the decoded output on the screen, to store everything in a format readable by standard spreadsheet programs and to copy the recorded data to another network address and port. The replay tools allow to select partial replays, faster/slower than life replays, etc. Depending on the available ground network bandwidth raw data logging could also be done from a remote station. Detailed target view Map view (Situation Display) Fig. 2 13 ADS B Technical Situation Display (example) 2 12 Ed. 07.10
AIR SYSTEMS DIVISION Points of Contact: THALES Air Systems GmbH P.O. Box 1140 D 70807 Korntal Münchingen Germany Telephone: +49 711 86032 151 Telefax: +49 711 86032 804 e mail: info@thalesgroup.com THALES ATM Inc. 23501 West 84 th Street Shawnee, Kansas 66227 USA Telephone: +1 913 42226 00 Telefax: +1 913 42229 62 e mail: info@us.thalesatm.com THALES Italia S.p.A. Via E. Mattei 1 20064 Gorgonzola (MI) Italy Telephone: +39 02 9509 51 Telefax: +39 02 9509 5321 e mail: info@thalesatm.com