Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II

Calibration DMC II 140-005 Camera Calibration Certificate No: DMC II 140-005 For Midwest Aerial Photography 7535 West Broad St, Galloway, OH 43119 USA Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 1 of 38

DMC III 140 Calibration Camera: DMC II 140 Manufacturer : Intergraph Z/I Deutschland GmbH, D-73431 Aalen, Germany Reference: PAN Serial Number: 00118392 (PAN Head) Date of Calibration: 22. January 20100 Date of Report: 01. September 2010 Number of Pages: Calibration performed at: Carl Zeiss Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 10, 07745 Jena, Germany. This camera system is certified by Z/I Imaging and is fully functional within its specifications and tolerances. Date of Calibration: January 2010 Date of Certification: September 2010 Dipl. Ing. Jürgen Hefele, Senior Software Developer Dipl..Ing. Christian Müller, Technical Consultant Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 2 of 38

Camera Serial Numbers and Burn-In flight Camera Head Serial Calib. Date Number PAN 00118392 22.01.2010 (reference) MS1 (NIR) 00118778 15.12.2009 MS2 (Blue) 00118820 08.12.2009 MS3 (Red) 00118779 11.12.2009 MS4 (Green) 00118819 10.12.2009 Burn-In flight performed: 25. February 2010 Test block configuration Photo Scale 1:12500 Flying Height [m] 1150 AGL Flying Altitude [m] 1600 AMSL Run-Spacing [m] 762.0 Base-Length [m] 403.2 Number of 10 Exposures Side-lap [%] 30 End-lap [%] 60 Terrain Height [m] 450 Number of strips 2 Photos in one strip 2 x 5 N-S Photos Used 10 Control Points Used 5 Check Points Used 16 GSD [cm] 9 Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 3 of 38

DMC III 140 Calibration Aerial triangulation statistic results: The results of the aerial triangulation were generated with ImageStation Automatic Triangulation (ISAT), Version 6.1, from Intergraph Z/I Imaging. The maximum RMS in check points is <0.5 GSD in x,y and <0.7 GSD in z. Aerial Triangulation performed by Dipl. Ing. C. Müller 08.03.2010 Date Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 4 of 38

DMC III 140 Calibration Geometric Calibration The output image geometry is based on the Pan Camera head (reference head = master camera). All other camera heads are registered and aligned to this head. Aerial triangulation checks overall system performance based on. Output image Reference Camera Serial Number Number of rows/columns [pixels] Pixel Size [µm] Image Size [mm] Focal Length [mm] Principal Point [mm] PAN 00118392 12096 x 11200 7.200 x 7.200 87.091 x 80.640 92.0052 mm X= 0.0028 mm, Y= -0.0052 mm + /- 0.002 mm + /- 0.002 mm The geometric calibration takes place at Carl Zeiss Jena on a certified test stand. More than 800 light targets, projected on 28 lines that are distributed diagonally on the focal plane, are automatically measured by finding their centers light with a precision of less than 1/10 of a pixel. The light targets are projected from the infinity by using a collimator (Figure 1). Figure 1: Light Target Pattern by Collimator Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 5 of 38

Geometric Calibration Image Residuals Figure 2 shows the image residuals, split in radial and tangential directions after the calibration adjustment. The maximum residuals are less than or equal to 1.5 microns and the RMSE values are below 0.5 microns. Figure 2: Tangential/Radial Distortion Residuals Figure 3 shows the 2-D plot of the image residuals in mm. Figure 3: 2-D Image Residuals. RMS=0.2um (maximum 0.7 microns) Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 6 of 38

Optical System Modulation Transfer Function, MTF of PAN Camera (Reference) RMK DX / DMC II PAN MTF Polychromatic F/5.6 ; 92 mm Temperature Stability The MTF measurement is camera type specific and shows variation of the MTF within the specified temperature range. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 7 of 38

Sensitivity of PAN camera (Reference) 1.2 RMK DX, DMC II 140 Relative Spectral Response 1 Relative Spectral Response 0.8 0.6 0.4 rel. Sensitivity PAN @ 0 0.2 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 Wavelength [nm] The sensitivity shows the spectral response curve of the single camera head including the optical system (optics, filter) and the sensor response. The DMC II 140 is calibrated with respect to the absolute spectrometer. This allows computing pixel radiance values from pixels digital numbers and is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 8 of 38

DMC III 140 Calibration Sensor Linearity (Reference) The sensor linearity is measured in the Lab with calibrated spectrometer. This is a cameraa type specific calibration. Below figure shows the linearity of the raw sensor and after flat fielding: Senor Linearity from Light Level 0 (dark) to (100 % = Saturation) The deviation from the linearity is below 1%. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 9 of 38

Sensor Noise (Reference) Sensor noise shows image noise with respect to the image center measured at an aperture of 8 with exposure time of 22msec. Sensor noise after calibration shall be less or equal 0.5% of radiometric resolution. At 14bit radiometric resolution 0.5% (of 16384) is equal to 82 gray values. This is a camera type specific calibration. Image Noise before and after radiometric calibration Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 10 of 38

Aperture Correction (Reference) Camera PAN (00118392) The light fall off to the border due the influence of the optics depends on the aperture used. Therefore this calibration approach delivers individual calibration images for each aperture (Full F-Stop). In general the light fall off is a function of the image height (radial distance from center). The figure below shows the profile from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the calibration images. PAN DMC II 140 PAN This is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 11 of 38

Defect Pixel (Reference) Camera PAN (00118392) Defect pixels are detected during radiometric calibration and will be corrected during radiometric processing of the images. The quantity and cumulative percentage and specification of defects is described in Appendix Defect Pixel Recognition. Revision of calibration: 1 CCDRevision: 2 Date Number: 1274175271 Date: 100518 Number of defect pixels: 33 Number of defect clusters: 0 Number of defect columns: 1 Nr Row Column 0 3377 236 1 3661 283 2 3661 284 3 3662 284 4 10333 3119 5 10334 3119 6 10334 3120 7 10330 3121 8 10331 3121 9 10333 3121 10 10331 3122 11 7148 3316 12 5708 4111 13 5708 4112 14 5708 4113 15 5708 4114 16 5708 4115 17 5708 4116 18 5708 4117 19 5708 4118 20 6606 4647 21 5708 5538 22 5708 5539 23 5708 5540 24 5708 5541 25 5708 5542 26 5708 5543 27 5708 5544 28 1607 6804 29 6968 10151 30 9723 10463 31 9724 10463 32 8693 12149 Defect Column RowStart ColumnStart RowEnd ColumnEnd 0 5708 3124 10595 3124 Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 12 of 38

DMC III 140 Calibration Optical System Modulation Transfer Function, MTF of Green cameraa RMK D / RMK DX / DMC II MS Green MTF F/ /4.0 ; 45 mm Temperature Stability +40 C 0 C +20 C -20 C Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 13 of 38

Sensitivity of Green camera Spectral response curve of the single camera head. 1.2 RMK D, RMK DX, DMC II 140 Relative Spectral Response 1 Relative Spectral Response 0.8 0.6 0.4 rel. Sensitivity Green @ 0 0.2 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 Wavelength [nm] The sensitivity shows the spectral response curve of the single camera head including the optical system (optics, filter) and the sensor response. The DMC II 140 is calibrated with respect to the absolute spectrometer. This allows computing pixel radiance values from pixels digital numbers and is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 14 of 38

Aperture Correction Green (00118819) The light fall off to the border due the influence of the optics depends on the aperture used. Therefore this calibration approach delivers individual calibration images for each aperture (Full F-Stop). In general the light fall off is a function of the image height (radial distance from center). The figure below shows the profile from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of the calibration images. Green DMC II 140 Green This is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 17 of 38

Defect Pixel Green (00118819) Defect pixels are detected during radiometric calibration and will be corrected during radiometric processing of the images. The quantity and cumulative percentage and specification of defects is described in Appendix Defect Pixel Recognition. Revision of calibration: 2 CCDRevision: 1 Date Number: 1269121157 Date: 100320 Number of defect pixels: 6 Number of defect clusters: 0 Number of defect columns: 0 Nr Row Column 0 490 90 1 6316 2013 2 6672 2064 3 3902 3074 4 4034 4646 5 2129 4698 Defect Column RowStart ColumnStart RowEnd ColumnEnd High Quality Mode Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 18 of 38

Optical System Modulation Transfer Function, MTF of Red camera RMK D / RMK DX / DMC II MS Red MTF F/4.0 ; 45 mm Temperature Stability +40 C 0 C +20 C -20 C Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 19 of 38

Sensitivity of Red camera Spectral Response Curves of the single camera head. 1.2 RMK D, RMK DX, DMC II 140 Relative Spectral Response 1 Relative Spectral Response 0.8 0.6 0.4 rel. Sensitivity Red @ 0 0.2 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 Wavelength [nm] The sensitivity shows the spectral response curve of the single camera head including the optical system (optics, filter) and the sensor response. The DMC II 140 is calibrated with respect to the absolute spectrometer. This allows computing pixel radiance values from pixels digital numbers and is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 20 of 38

Aperture Correction Red (00118779) The light fall off to the border due the influence of the optics depends on the used aperture. Therefore this calibration approach has for each aperture (Full F-Stop) its own calibration image. In general the light fall off is a function of the image radius. In this calibration approach instead of function the real measured values in the image is used. The figure below shows the profile from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of each of this calibration images to give a feeling on the amount of correction. Red DMC II 140 Red This is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 23 of 38

Defect Pixel Red (00118779) Defect pixels are detected during radiometric calibration and will be corrected during radiometric processing of the images. The quantity and cumulative percentage and specification of defects is described in Appendix Defect Pixel Recognition. Revision of calibration: 2 CCDRevision: 1 Date Number: 1269112649 Date: 100320 Number of defect pixels: 15 Number of defect clusters: 0 Number of defect columns: 0 Nr Row Column 0 5352 1268 1 5708 1463 2 4742 2124 3 3286 2478 4 3287 2479 5 5687 3272 6 5687 3273 7 6026 3531 8 6025 3532 9 6026 3532 10 6027 3532 11 3932 6043 12 3933 6043 13 3932 6044 14 3933 6044 Defect Column RowStart ColumnStart RowEnd ColumnEnd High Quality Mode Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 24 of 38

Optical System Modulation Transfer Function, MTF of Blue camera RMK D / RMK DX / DMC II MS Blue MTF F/4.0 ; 45 mm Temperature Stability +40 C 0 C +20 C -20 C Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 25 of 38

Sensitivity of Blue camera Spectral Response Curves of the single camera head. 1.2 RMK D, RMK DX, DMC II 140 Relative Spectral Response 1 Relative Spectral Response 0.8 0.6 0.4 rel. Sensitivity Blue @ 0 0.2 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 Wavelength [nm] The sensitivity shows the spectral response curve of the single camera head including the optical system (optics, filter) and the sensor response. The DMC II 140 is calibrated with respect to the absolute spectrometer. This allows computing pixel radiance values from pixels digital numbers and is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 26 of 38

Aperture Correction Blue (00118820) The light fall off to the border due the influence of the optics depends on the used aperture. Therefore this calibration approach has for each aperture (Full F-Stop) its own calibration image. In general the light fall off is a function of the image radius. In this calibration approach instead of function the real measured values in the image is used. The figure below shows the profile from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of each of this calibration images to give a feeling on the amount of correction. Blue DMC II 140 Blue This is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 29 of 38

Defect Pixel Blue (00118820) Defect pixels are detected during radiometric calibration and will be corrected during radiometric processing of the images. The quantity and cumulative percentage and specification of defects is described in Appendix Defect Pixel Recognition. Revision of calibration: 2 CCDRevision: 1 Date Number: 1269129643 Date: 100321 Number of defect pixels: 14 Number of defect clusters: 0 Number of defect columns: 0 Nr Row Column 0 6326 23 1 5153 1065 2 5153 1066 3 2630 1721 4 2631 1721 5 5606 2277 6 3932 4375 7 3932 4376 8 195 5051 9 196 5051 10 195 5052 11 196 5052 12 6644 5620 13 5983 5941 Defect Column RowStart ColumnStart RowEnd ColumnEnd High Quality Mode Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 30 of 38

Optical System Modulation Transfer Function, MTF of IR camera RMK D / RMK DX / DMC II MS IR MTF F/4.0 ; 45 mm Temperature Stability +40 C 0 C +20 C -20 C Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 31 of 38

Sensitivity of NIR camera Spectral Response Curves of the single camera head. 1.2 RMK D, RMK DX, DMC II 140 Relative Spectral Response 1 Relative Spectral Response 0.8 0.6 0.4 rel. Sensitivity NIR @ 0 0.2 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 Wavelength [nm] The sensitivity shows the spectral response curve of the single camera head including the optical system (optics, filter) and the sensor response. The DMC II 140 is calibrated with respect to the absolute spectrometer. This allows computing pixel radiance values from pixels digital numbers and is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 32 of 38

Aperture Correction NIR (00118778) The light fall off to the border due the influence of the optics depends on the used aperture. Therefore this calibration approach has for each aperture (Full F-Stop) its own calibration image. In general the light fall off is a function of the image radius. In this calibration approach instead of function the real measured values in the image is used. The figure below shows the profile from the upper left corner to the lower right corner of each of this calibration images to give a feeling on the amount of correction. NIR DMC II 140 NIR This is a camera type specific calibration. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 35 of 38

Defect Pixel NIR (00118778) Defect pixels are detected during radiometric calibration and will be corrected during radiometric processing of the images. The quantity and cumulative percentage and specification of defects is described in Appendix Defect Pixel Recognition. Revision of calibration: 2 CCDRevision: 1 Date Number: 1269104169 Date: 100320 Number of defect pixels: 7 Number of defect clusters: 0 Number of defect columns: 0 Nr Row Column 0 813 89 1 813 90 2 2424 838 3 716 1560 4 717 1561 5 2035 4238 6 3030 5891 Defect Column RowStart ColumnStart RowEnd ColumnEnd High Quality Mode Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 36 of 38

Sensor Geometric Accuracy Large area CCD imagers are composed (stitched) from several blocks. Stitching on wafer with semiconductor lithographic equipment results in geometric accuracy better than 0.1µm ( Stoldt, H. (2010 ). Therefore the geometric accuracy of individual pixels within a block can be assumed as better or equal the stitching accuracy. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 37 of 38

Defect Pixel Recognition Description CCD Spec Pixel whose signal, at nominal Using a lower threshold light (illumination at 50% of the for image quality Bright image linear range), deviates more than ±30% from its neighboring pixels. Pixel Dark image Pixel whose signal, in dark, deviates more than 6mV from its neighboring pixels (about 1% of nominal light). Max Count PAN < 1000 MS < 36 Description CCD Spec A column which has more than 12 Using a lower threshold pixel defects. for image quality Definition Column defects must be horizontally separated by 3 columns. Column Recognition (bright and dark) Max Single column Max double Column Same as defect pixel recognition PAN 50 MS 1 PAN 4 MS 0 Bibliography Brown D. C. Close-Range Camera Calibration, Photogrammetric Engineering 37(8) 1971 Dörstel C., Jacobsen K., Stallmann D. (2003): DMC Photogrammetric accuracy Calibration aspects and Generation of synthetic DMC images, Eds. M. Baltsavias / A.Grün, Optical 3D Sensor Workshop, Zürich Fraser C., Digital Camera sel-f calibration. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, (997, 5284): 149-159 Zeitler W., Dörstel C., Jacobsen K. (2002): Geometric calibration of the DMC: Method and Results, Proceedings ASPRS, Denver, USA. Ryan R., Pagnutti M. (2009): Enhanced Absolute and Relative for Digital Aerial Cameras, in: Fritsch D. (Ed.), Photogrammetric Week 2009, Wichmann-Verlag, pp. 81-90. Doering D., Hildebrand J., Diete N. (2009): Advantages of customized optical design for aerial survey cameras, in: Fritsch D. (Ed.), Photogrammetric Week 2009, Wichmann-Verlag, pp. 69-80. Stoldt, H. (2010): DALSA Ultra large CCD technology Customized for Aerial Photogrammetry. At: ASPRS 2010, San Diego, USA, p. 15. Calib_DMCII140-005.docx Document Version 3.0 page 38 of 38