RECYCLABILITY OF GRAPHIC PAPER PRODUCTS Hans-Joachim Putz* Andreas Faul** *Paper Technology and Mechanical Process Engineering (PMV) Technische Universität Darmstadt **International Association of the Deinking Industry e. V. (INGEDE) 8 th Research Forum on Recycling 24.-26. September 27 / Niagara Falls / Canada No.: 1
Introduction Political Background Guide to an optimum recyclability of graphic paper European declaration on paper recycling Materials and Methods INGEDE Method 11 Deinkability Score Results Newspapers Magazines Toner Prints Summary Table of Contents No.: 2
Paper Production: 12 MT Other Pulps 1 % Mechanical Pulp 15 % Recovered Paper (RP) 5 % RP Collection Rate: 63.6 % RP Utilization Rate: 47.8 % 99 MT Chemical Pulp 34 % CEPI Fiber Demand of the Paper Industry in 26 No.: 3
Additives 2.7 Mio. t Paper Consumption 89.1 Mio. t Product Usage 91.8 Mio. t Not Collectable Paper Waste (18 %) Theoretical Recovered Paper Potential 75.3 Mio. t Available Recovered Paper Potential 69. Mio. t Sewerage, Long Living Products 16.5 Mio. t Paper Waste 19.2 Mio. t Landfilling, Incineration (25 %) Recovered Paper for Material Recycling within CEPI 48.9 Mio. t Paper Production (65 %) Net RP Export 7.2 Mio. t (1 %) Paper Recovered Paper Balance CEPI Countries 26 No.: 4
7 Recovered Paper Potential, % 6 5 61 49 53 42 CEPI Countries Germany 4 37 3 25 2 1 13 11 198 199 2 26 Development of the Theoretical Remaining Paper Waste as Recovered Paper Potential No.: 5
Paper Consumption 2.8 Mio t Product Usage 21.4 Mio t Additives.6 Mio t Not Collectable Paper Waste Sewerage, Long Living Products 3.9 Mio t Paper Waste 2. Mio t Theoretical Recovered Paper Potential 17.5 Mio t Available Recovered Paper Potential 17.2 Mio t Recovered Paper for Material Recycling in Germany 15.2 Mio t Landfilling Incineration (11 %) Paper Production (87 %) Net RP Export.3 Mio t (2 %) Paper Recovered Paper Balance Germany 26 No.: 6
7 Paper Waste (related to theoretical RP potential), % 6 5 4 67 % 66 % 62 % 6 % 3 2 48 % 15 % 11 % 1 195 196 197 198 199 2 26 Development of the Theoretical Remaining Paper Waste as Recovered Paper Potential in Germany No.: 7
The European version of the Guide to an Optimum Recyclability of Printed Graphic Paper was approved by several European Associations in March 22 9 8 7 6 5 4 INGEDE is signatory of the European Declaration on Paper Recycling in its new version of 26 Orientation values for recyclability are adopted on German level Deinkability Scores are in development 3 Work for Improving the Recyclability of Printed Products No.: 8
Introduction to maintain the achieved standard, it is also necessary that everyone involved in the paper chain including parties placing the order and designers of print products give due consideration to the requirements of recycling. Soluble and Redispersible Components The requirement therefore is that recovered paper should contain as few components as possible, which dissolve or disperse in weakly alkaline medium and form sticky residues or cause discolorations. Recyclability Assessment Therefore it is necessary that all parties involved evaluate their products as to good recyclability if major changes are made at materials and processes. Abstract from the Guide to an Optimum Recyclability of Printed Graphic Paper No.: 9
Design, manufacturing and converting of paper based products in such a way as to enable a high quality recycling of fibres and other materials in a manufacturing process in compliance where appropriate with current standards in the Community. European Declaration on Paper Recycling Definition of Recyclability No.: 1
For good recyclability, paper products have to be: Repulpable important for all types of paper products Deinkable important for all white grades and additionally Adhesives have to be removable important for all types of paper products Challenges of Paper Recycling No.: 11
INGEDE-Method 11 Printed Product with Ink Drying Oven: t = 3 days T = 6 C Hobart Pulper: c = 15 % t = 2 min T = 45 C m = 2 g b.d. Stage = 2 Ageing Pulping.6 % NaOH 1.8 % Silicate.7 % H 2 O 2.8 % Oleic Acid Voith Delta 25 or c =.8 % t = 12 min m = 18 g b.d. T = 45 C Water Bath = 5 % t = 6 min T = 45 C PTS Flotation Cell: c =.8 % t = 1 min m = 12 g b.d. T = 45 C Storage Flotation UP DP UP: 2 Filter Pads 2 Filtrate Filters DP: 2 Handsheets 2 Filter Pads Lab Procedere for Deinkability Test of Printed Products No.: 12
Print Products Offset Offset-, Flexo-, Letterpress Toner Prints Magazines & Flyers uncoated Magazines & Flyers coated Newspapers Woodfree Papers Rotogravure Magazines & Catalouges uncoated Magazines & Catalogues coated Deinkability Product Categories No.: 13
Objectives High Reflection Evaluated Parameters Luminosity Y of Deinked Pulp High Optical Cleanliness No Color Shade High Ink Removal No Discoloration of White Water Dirt Area A* of Deinked Pulp a* Value of Deinked Pulp Ink Elimination IE Filtrate Darkening Y Quality Parameters Process Parameters Deinkability Test Criteria No.: 14
Orientierungswerte zur Bewertung der Rezyklierbarkeit von Druckerzeugnissen aus Papier International Association of the Deinking Industry The orientation values for recyclability are finalized on a German level 6. November 26 Inhalt 9 Recyclability of Newspapers Offset/Flexo Newspapers - Luminosity Y after Deinking Teil 1: Allgemeines... 1-1 Vorwort... 8 1-1 Anwendungsbereich... 1-2 Prinzip... 1-2 Teil 2: Deinkbarkeit... 7 2-1 Bewertung der Deinkbarkeit... 2-1 Bedeutung der Einzelergebnisse... 2-2 Anmerkungen zu den Messwerten... 6 2-2 Deinkbarkeit von Druckprodukten... 2-3 Teil 3: Sortierbarkeit von Klebstoffanwendungen... 3-1 Bewertung der Sortierbarkeit... 3-1 Orientierungswerte... 5 3-1 Sortierbarkeit von Klebstoffanwendungen... 3-2 Anmerkungen:... 3-2 Teil 4: Anhang... 4 4-1 Zitierte Prüfmethoden und Literatur... 4-1 Begriffe und Definitionen... 4-2 Probenahme... 4-3 3 Prüfmethoden... 4-3 Prüfbericht... 4-4 Offset Newspaper Mean Value Flexo Newspaper 33 different printed products INGEDE e. V. / 24.8.24 Orientation Values for Recyclability No.: 15
Deinkbarkeit von Druckprodukten 9 Zeitungen Offset-Illustrierte & Offset-Illustrierte & Broschüren/Kataloge, Broschüren/Kataloge, ungestrichen gestrichen Helligkeit Y nach dem Deinken, 9 9 9 Tiefdruck-Illustrierte, ungestrichen 9 Tiefdruck-Illustrierte & Kataloge, gestrichen 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 9 Ink Elimination IE 7, % 9 9 9 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 a*-wert nach dem Deinken, 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1-1 -1-1 -1-1 -2-2 -2-2 -2-3 -3-3 -3-3 -4-4 -4-4 -4 25 Filtratverdunklung ΔY, 25 25 25 25 2 2 2 2 2 15 15 15 15 15 1 1 1 1 1 5 5 5 5 5 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Schmutzfläche A nach dem Deinken, mm²/m² (Dot-Counter) 1 1 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Example of Backgrounds for the Recyclability Evaluation No.: 16
Parameter Y [-] a*-value [-] A [mm²/m²] IE [%] ΔY [-] Lower Threshold 47-3. 4 Upper Threshold 2. 2 18 Deinkability Score Threshold Values No.: 17
Category of print product Y [-] a*-value [-] A [mm²/m²] IE [%] ΔY [-] Newspapers 6 7 Offset magazines & flyers, uncoated 65 7 Offset magazines & flyers, coated Rotogravure magazines & catalogues, uncoated 75 7-2, to +1, 6 75 8 6 Rotogravure magazines & catalogues, coated 75 85 Toner prints on woodfree paper 9 8 Deinkability Score Target Values No.: 18
Parameter Y a*- Value A IE ΔY Maximum Score 35 2 25 1 1 Deinkability Score Maximum Scores per Parameter No.: 19
Score 71 to 1 Points Evaluation of Deinkability Good deinkability 51 to 7 Points Fair deinkability to 5 Points Poor deinkability Negative (failed to meet at least one threshold) Not suitable for deinking* *The product may be well recyclable without deinking Deinkability Score Evaluation No.: 2
Print Country Recyclability Scores Newspapers (INGEDE Project 1 5) No.: 21
Recyclability Scores Magazines (INGEDE Project 1 5) No.: 22
Recyclability Scores Toner Prints (INGEDE Project 115 6) No.: 23
Recycling of paper and board products will still further increase in Europe For graphic paper products a test method for the evaluation of the deinkability is developed The deinkability score makes it much easier to communicate deinkability results even with non-experts Recycling friendly print products can be manufactured although the spectrum of results is large Conversation and cooperation between the participants of the paper chain has to be improved further INGEDE offers a platform for exchanges which strengthens the network between the partners of the graphic paper chain Conclusions No.: 24
The research projects 85 2, 1 5 and 115 6 dealing with this subject were financed by INGEDE (International Association of the Deinking Industry e. V.) in Bietigheim-Bissingen / Germany Contact: www.ingede.com or pr@ingede.com Acknowledgement No.: 25