Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster

Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster

NATO Science for Peace and Security Series This Series presents the results of scientific meetings supported under the NATO Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS). The NATO SPS Programme supports meetings in the following Key Priority areas: (1) Defence Against Terrorism; (2) Countering other Threats to Security and (3) NATO, Partner and Mediterranean Dialogue Country Priorities. The types of meeting supported are generally "Advanced Study Institutes" and "Advanced Research Workshops". The NATO SPS Series collects together the results of these meetings. The meetings are coorganized by scientists from NATO countries and scientists from NATO's "Partner" or "Mediterranean Dialogue" countries. The observations and recommendations made at the meetings, as well as the contents of the volumes in the Series, reflect those of participants and contributors only; they should not necessarily be regarded as reflecting NATO views or policy. Advanced Study Institutes (ASI) are high-level tutorial courses intended to convey the latest developments in a subject to an advanced-level audience Advanced Research Workshops (ARW) are expert meetings where an intense but informal exchange of views at the frontiers of a subject aims at identifying directions for future action Following a transformation of the programme in 2006 the Series has been re-named and re-organised. Recent volumes on topics not related to security, which result from meetings supported under the programme earlier, may be found in the NATO Science Series. The Series is published by IOS Press, Amsterdam, and Springer, Dordrecht, in conjunction with the NATO Public Diplomacy Division. Sub-Series A. Chemistry and Biology Springer B. Physics and Biophysics Springer C. Environmental Security Springer D. E. Information and Communication Security Human and Societal Dynamics IOS Press IOS Press http://www.nato.int/science http://www.springer.com http://www.iospress.nl Series C: Environmental Security

Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after War or Natural Disaster edited by Adnan Ibrahimbegovic Ecole Normale Supérieure LMT-Cachan, France and Muhamed Zlatar Department of Civil Engineering University of Sarajevo Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Published in cooperation with NATO Public Diplomacy Division

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Damage Assessment and Reconstruction after Natural Disasters and Previous Military Activities Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herzegovina 5 9 October 2008 Library of Congress Control Number: 2009926509 ISBN 978-90-481-2384-1 (PB) ISBN 978-90-481-2385-8 (HB) ISBN 978-90-481-2386 -5 (e-book) Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. www.springer.com Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

CONTENTS Editorial...vii Part I: Damage Assessment and Reconstruction of Structures Civil Engineering Structures: Multiscale Damage Representation, Identification, Controlled Destruction and Quick Reconstruction... 3 A. Ibrahimbegovic, A. Kucerova, D. Brancherie, M. Hautefeuille, J.B. Colliat, N. Friedman and M. Zlatar Non-Destructive Assessment of Concrete Damage: Interest, Difficulties and Research Needs... 29 D. Breysse Improving Safety and Durability of Civil Structures... 63 E. Brühwiler Structural Damage and Risk Assessment and Uncertainty Quantification... 95 H.G. Matthies Computational Verification and Validation of Engineering Structures via Error-Controlled Model and Discretization Adaptivity... 109 E. Stein, M. Rüter, S. Ohnimus and K. Wiechmann Predictive Modelling of Damage in Structures and the Development of Retrofitting or Mitigating Strategies... 139 D.R.J. Owen, Y.T. Feng, J.M. Rance and A.T. Bere On Fundamental Concept of Structural Collapse Simulation taking into Account Uncertainty Phenomena... 169 D. Hartmann, M. Breidt, V. Nguyen, F. Stangenberg, S. Höhler, K. Schwiezerhof, S. Mattern, G. Blankenhorn, B. Möller and M. Liebscher Earthquake Ground Motions for Seismic Damage Assessment and Re-Evaluation of Existing Buildings and Critical Facilities... 193 P. Leger and R. Tremblay Part II: Damage Assessment and Reconstruction of Infrastructure Damage Assessment and Disaster Prevention in NATM Tunnels during Construction: Micromechanics-Supported Hybrid Analyses... 223 H.A. Mang, S. Scheiner, B. Pichler and C. Hellmich v

vi CONTENTS Crisis Management in Water Distribution Networks... 253 P. Villon and A. Nace Nonlinear Behavior of Soils as the Main Source of Damage of Structures... 287 S. Dolarević and A. Ibrahimbegovic Fire Induced Damage in Structures and Infrastructure: Analysis, Testing and Modeling... 309 A. Ibrahimbegovic, A. Boulkertous, L. Davenne, M. Muhasilovic, J. Duhovnik and A. Pokrklic Appendix: Damage Assessment to War and Natural Disasters in Bosnia and Herzegovina Damage Assessment for Masonry and Historic Buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina... 333 M. Hrasnica Environmental Damage Assessment, Waste Management and Overview of the Current Situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina... 357 A. Serdarevic Illustrative Examples of War Destruction and Atmospheric Impact on Reinforced Concrete Structures in Sarajevo... 383 S. Medić, J. Ćurić, I. Imamović, N. Ademović and S. Dolarević Authors Index... 393

EDITORIAL This book contains the selected contributions from the participants of NATO- ARW 983112 on Damage Assessment and Reconstruction After Natural Disasters and Previous Military Activities, which was held in October 2008 in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The meeting was set to provide a critical assessment of the current knowledge and to indicate new challenges that are brought by the present time in dealing with frequent man-made and natural disasters, resulting in damage to structures, infrastructure and human environment. The common ground for all problems of this kind from the viewpoint of scientific contents, which also justifies putting them on the same basis and addressing them within the same meeting, is the need to provide a quick assessment of the destructive action and its consequences, quick reconstruction of infrastructure and human environment, as well as the new basis for a sustainable development of affected areas. The present threat of the terrorist attacks or accidental explosions, the local military conflicts, the climate change that brings soil erosion or yet the destructive earthquake motion that occurs in previously inactive regions, are several examples of the kind of disastrous situations we address herein, along with the best way of reducing their negative impact. The NATO-ARW Sarajevo meeting constructed a forum for the exchange of ideas among the world leading scientists dealing with different facets of this class of complex problems. All those keynote contributions (along with a couple contributions from invited speakers from partner-country) are gathered in the present book. Among them, we find the lectures dealing with three groups of topics: (i) Damage of complex structures, damage identification, controlled destruction, quick reconstruction, retrofit (ii) Damage identification and exploitation of partially damaged infrastructure, water resources, soil pollution, soil erosion (iii) Case studies of natural and man-made disasters: (explosions, fires, earthquakes, land-slides...) We would like to thank all the contributing authors for providing the more lasting impact of our discussions in terms of this book. Last, but not least, we would like to thank NATO Scientific Committee for supporting our meeting. NATO-country co-director: Adnan Ibrahimbegovic Partner-country co-director: Muhamed Zlatar vii