Communications in Distributed Intelligent MEMS Julien BOURGEOIS (UFC), Seth Copen Goldstein (CMU/SCS) NaNoNetworking Summit, Barcelona, June 2011 Work is funded by ANR ANR-06-ROBO-0009-03
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 2 /66
Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Applications: What for? Accelerometers STMicro LIS331DLH 3 /66
Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Applications: What for? Digital Micromirror Device TI 4 /66
MEMS Classification MEMS Sensor MEMS Actuator MEMS Sensor/Actuator MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Single MEMS Distributed MEMS Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Accelerometer DMD 5 /66
Flow of information Scalability issue Distributed Intelligent MEMS Distributed MEMS Sensor MEMS Actuator MEMS Sensor/Actuator MEMS Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Static topology Dynamic topology Output only Input only Input/Output 6 /66
Introduction Microtechnology is now a mature technology MEMS can be produced by thousands units Need for embedded intelligence New challenges: Coordination needs distribution paradigm Communication Programming Control Smooth integration of different technologies Scalability up to millions! 1 m 3 of intelligent MEMS -> internet on your table 7 /66
Some projects Simple MEMS Remote intelligence MEMS + External PC Integrated intelligence MEMS + FPGA Static Distributed MEMS + Distributed intelligence Mobile Distributed MEMS + Dynamic network topology 8 /66
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 9 /66
Smart Surface Project Objective : Design and realization of a distributed intelligent MEMS to convey and to sort mesometric objects 560 micro-actuators, distributed intelligence actuator surface: ~1mm² matrix surface 35 x 35 mm² Front-side 22 permanent researchers 5 labs (French and Japanese) Back-side Work is funded by ANR ANR-06-ROBO-0009-03 10 /66
Smart Blocks project A MEMS-based modular and self-reconfigurable surface for fast conveying of fragile objects and medicinal products 20 permanent researchers, 4 labs, 1 company Work funded by ANR 11 /66
Smart Blocks project Challenges (related to communications): Hardware CMOS and MEMS integration Integrating processing unit, communication network, high voltage circuit in reduced space Software Co-design between distributed computing and control to manage millions of sensors/actuators. Optimization of the physical topology Developing software for computer-aided design of very large multi-domain systems 12 /66
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 13 /66
Objectives Managing informations from sensors Distributed differenciation of objects with: Low computing power Low memory size High level of discretization Managing communications Preserving scalability Fault tolerance 14 /66
Asynchronous distributed state acquisition Distributed asynchronous state acquisition description via successive approximation method: with and with T(i) the set of times at which sub vector x i is updated 15 /66
Integration with control............ P2P communication on/off sensor i b i k Part reconstruction and differentiation s k Motion u i k controller Valve i on/off sensor i+1 b i 1 k Part reconstruction and differentiation P2P communication s k Motion controller u i 1 k Valve i+1 P2P communication on/off sensor i+2 b i 2 k Part reconstruction and differentiation s k Motion controller u i 2 k Valve i+2 P2P communication............ 16 /66
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 17 /66
Claytronics Real Apple Claytronic Apple www.cs.cmu.edu/~claytronics 18 /66
Claytronics CATOM = Claytonic Atom ~centimeters (2007) ~meters (2006) ~decimeters (2007) ~milimeters (2010) 19 19 /66
Catom (1) Catom: a rolling cylinder. Shell Catom Chip Shell: SiO 2 film + Aluminum Chip: HV SOI CMOS die Shell Chip 20 /66
Catom (2) Two types of electrodes: 1) Coupling electrodes 2) Actuation electrodes Chip has two main functions: 1) Power 2) Actuation Coupling Electrodes Actuation Electrodes Actuation Electrodes 21 /66
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Electrostatics communications and actuation Conclusion & perspectives 22 /66
Electrostatics One mechanism: four functions Adhesion Actuation Communication Power Transfer 23 /66
Electrostatics One mechanism: four functions Adhesion Actuation Communication Power Transfer 24 /66
Logic 1 0 DATA shifts every T = 100ms 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 25 /66
Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 26 /66
Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 ` 1 0 1 0 0 0 27 /66
Logic 1 1 DATA shifts every T = 100ms 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 ` 0 0 1 1 0 0 28 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ` 29 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 ` 30 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ` 31 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ` 32 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 ` 33 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ` 34 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 ` 35 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32ms 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 36 /66
Logic ENABLE shifts every T/32 seconds 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 ` PULSE 1 2 21 Two pulses in T/32 seconds 37 /66
Outline Introduction The Smart Projects Distributed information management Claytronics Communications in Claytronics Conclusion & perspectives 38 /66
Conclusion Asynchronous communications better scale Better tolerance to fault Better scalability Easier for developers if communications are hidden Ensemble principle that drives languages developed in Claytronics Having a real working experimental plate-form is still a challenge Cost a lot Needs different skills 39 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 40 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 41 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 42 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 43 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility 44 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 45 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 46 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies 47 /66
Perspectives Direct (physical) communications are a possibility But this lead to extremely spread-out network topologies => High delay 48 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 49 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 50 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing 51 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed 52 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed 53 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 54 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 55 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast 56 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast Largely speed-up information dissemination 57 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are much promizing Less hops are needed Natural broadcast Largely speed-up information dissemination 58 /66
Perspectives Wireless ranged communication are promising Integration of electromagnetic nano/micro communications device Challenges still exist, particularly Antenna design (millimeter scale designs simply cannot be scaled down to nano size) Power optimization Creation of a research community in distributed intelligent MEMS -> dmems workshop 59 /66
Topics http://dmems.univ-fcomte.fr Design, implementation and technologies Control and distributed algorithms Network of distributed sensors and actuators Modelisation, simulation, verification, test and validation Important dates: Deadline for paper submission: October 20th, 2011 Acceptance notification: November 25th, 2011 Camera ready paper due: December 9th, 2011ion Proceedings published by IEEE CPS, special issue of Mechatronics (Elsevier) 60 /66
Acknowledgments All Claytronics team, but in particular: Emre Karagozler and David Ricketts, CMU All Smart Surface and Smart Block teams, but in particular Didier El Baz, Vincent Boyer, LAAS/CNRS Nadine Piat, Guillaume Laurent, FEMTO-ST Dominique Dhoutaut, UFC 61 /66
Claytronics example CMU/INTEL/UFC 62 /66